Cannabis sativa SlideShare pdf Cannabis sativa slideshow pdf Ganja pdf Hemp pdf Marijuana pdf Pharmacological action of cannabis sativa Cannabis sativa nomenclature,habitat,cultivation collection,adulteration,formulation,pharmacological uses, action, traditional uses, legalization in Nepal, future aspect Cannabis sativa ppt for pharmacy, TU,PU,PoU,KU Ganja description Cannabis ppt Cannabis recreational use Cannabis development of drugs Cannabinoids THC CBN CBD Chemical constituents of cannabis sativa l. Phytoconstituents of cannabis

1. Cannabis sativa
(Ganja )
Subodh Thakur
B.Pharm,5th semester
School of health and allied sciences, PoU, Pokhara – 30, Kaski

2. Origin And Botanical Description of C. Sativa
• The word "cannabis" comes from the Latin word sativa, which means
"sown," indicating that the plant is grown from the seed rather than the
roots.
• It is referred to as hemp, marihuana, Cannabis sativa L., ganja, bhang, and
al-bhango among other popular names in other languages.
• It is prevalent throughout Africa and is thought to have originated in Asia.
The putative natural origins of the domestication of the Cannabis genus are
in central and southeast Asia.
• According to botanists, there are various varieties of cannabis depending
on their size, shape, and resin content (breeding and selection).
• Two key elements determine the cannabis phenotype (its observable
qualities or characteristics, such as its leaf shape and flower color): its
genetic makeup (genotype) and the surrounding environment.

3. • Its roots are typically branching and extend 30 to 60 cm beneath the
surface of the ground.
• Each leaf axil produces a cannabis inflorescence, which consists of several
flower heads on long, green stalks.
• Each bloom produces a single brownish fruit that is 2 to 5 mm long and
has a single seed that is securely encased in a tough shell.
• The fruit is multiplied by birds, and the seed takes to 12 days to germinate.
• The plant's leaves, bracts, and stems are abundant in trichrome, a variety
of structures that contain the secondary metabolites (terpenoids and
phytocannabinoids) in charge of defense, plant relationships, and
distinctive fragrance.

5. NOMENCLATURE
Class
Sub-Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Hamamelididae
Urticales
Cannabaceae
Cannabis
Cannabis sativa L.

6. Macroscopic characters
• Cannabis occurs as flattened masses of dull green or greenish brown
colour.
• It consists of the branched upper part of stem, bearing bracts,
bracteoles, pistillate flowers.
• A few fruits are usually present, each being 5 to 6mm long and 4mm
wide, ovoid with several longitudinal veins.
• The texture is hard and brittle with a strong characteristic odor.
• It is slightly bitter in taste.

7. Morphology

8. HABITAT / GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
• The species is well adapted to diverse climates from plains to altitudes of
10000 feet.
• The plant is originally from the Caspian and Black Sea area, and was taken
to Persia and India eight centuries ago.
• The Cannabis sativa is native to Central and Western Asia and cultivated in
North, Central and South America, in Asia, Europe and North and Central
Africa.
• Major producers include Mexico, Brazil, Paraguay, Colombia, Peru, New
Zealand and Arabia.
• It is found growing in wild and cultivated states in India, Pakistan, Iran.
Bangladesh and Nepal.

9. Cultivation and Collection
• Cannabis is legally cultivated by few licensed farmers of India. The
plant is propagated by sowing seeds in light foamy or sandy soil
humid tropical climate, in several rows, during June or July.
• The distance between two rows is about 1 meter.
• The plants begin to flower in November and the harvesting is done in
the month of December-January.
The different narcotic substances obtained from the hemp plant are
given below.

10. a. Bhang: It is prepared by cutting the young green leaves of glandular
plant, exposing them to the sun and dew, then drying and pressing the
leaves.
b. Ganja: The young, resinous top of unfertilized female plants are cut
and pressed into cakes. The drug in the form of pressed cakes which is
prepared exclusively from pistillate plant is called Ganja.
c. Charas: The pure, sticky, yellow resin which naturally exudes from
the flowering top of female plant is known as charas. It is obtained by
rubbing the top of female plants between the hands or by beating the
tops on clothes or carpets. The resin is then scraped off in the form of
charas.

11. Optimum conditions:
• Growth medium (Soil): Well manure sandy sail or light loamy soil.
• pH: Ranges between 5.9-6.5
• Warmth: The optimal doy temperature range for cannabis is 24°c to 30°c
• Light: Optimum Light (In vegetative growth phase it requires more than
12-13 hours of light per day. Flowering usually occurs when darkness 1
least 12 hours per day)
• Space: Abundant Space
• Water: Watering frequency is determined by many factors, including
temperature, light age, size, growth stage and medium's ability to retain
water.
• Nutrients: During vegetative growth it requires more N than P and K while
during flowering P is more essential than N and K.

12. Phytoconstituents :
• Cannabis sativa has both cannabinoids and non-cannabinoids among
its numerous ingredients.
• Both cannabinoids and non-cannabinoids come in a wide variety.
Canabinoids
Non-
cannabinoids

13. Chemical structures of major cannabinoids; Δ8 THC, tetrahydrocannabinol
(a); Δ9-THC, tetrahydrocannabinol (b); THCA, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (c); CBDA,
cannabidiolic acid (d); CBD, cannabidiol (e); CBDV, cannabidivarin (f); THCV,
tetrahydrocannabivarin (g); CBGA, cannabigerolic acid (h); CBG, cannabigerol (i); CBN,
cannabinol (j); CBNA, cannabinolic acid (k); CBC, cannabichromene (l); CBCA,
cannabichromenic acid (m); CBL, cannabicyclol (n); CBLA, cannabicyclolic acid (o). All
structures drawn by Odieka, using ChemDraw Ultra 8.0.

14. Chemical structures of some Cannabis sativa terpenes (Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, and
Triterpenoids); Mycene (a), α-Pinene (b), D-Linalool (c), Limonene (d), α-Terpinene (e), α-
Phellandrene (f), α-Terpinolene (g), β-Caryophyllene (h), α-Caryophyllene (i), β-Elemene (j), Guaiol (k),
Friedelin (l), and Epifriedelanol (m). All structures drawn by Odieka, using ChemDraw Ultra 8.0.

15. Chemical structures of some non-
cannabinoid phenols (Spirans,
phenanthrenes, flavonoids,
alkaloids); Cannabispiran (a),
Cannabispirone (b), Canniprene (c),
Cannithrene I (d), Cannithrene II
(e), Debinobin (f), Canniflavin A (g),
Canniflavin B (h), Cannabisativine
(i), and Anhydrocannabisativine (j).
All structures drawn by Odieka,
using ChemDraw Ultra 8.0.
Source: Molecules. 2022 Mar; 27(5): 1689.
Published online 2022 Mar
4. doi: 10.3390/molecules27051689

16. Traditional Uses
Source: esearchgate.net/figure/Traditional-uses-of-different-parts-of-Cannabis-sativa_tbl1_369152872

17. Pharmacological Actions:
• Antimicrobial And Against Multi drug Resistant
• Epilepsy
• Sclerosis Multiplex
• Vomiting And Nausea Prevention
• Pain
• Anti-Oxidant
• Increasing Appetite
• Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
• Parkinson’s Diseases
• Tourette’s Syndrome
• Schizophrenia
• Glaucoma
• COVID-19

18. A. Antimicrobial And Against Multi drug Resistant :
• C.sativa leaf extracts against MRSA found that they are successful
against both community- and hospital-acquired MRSA.
• C. sativa extract shows specific antibacterial action against
pathogenic strains while having no inhibitory effects on the
emergence of probiotic strains.
• The C. sativa extract also inhibited the S. aureus ATCC 35556 strain,
which produces biofilms.

19. B. Epilepsy
• Cannabis has been used as an antiepileptic since ancient times.
• It is widely acknowledged that CBD has a role in the anticonvulsant
effects of cannabis.
• The mechanism by which CBD works to treat epilepsy, however, is
not well understood. The mechanism is indicated as being GPR55
antagonism.

20. C. Sclerosis Multiplex:
• There is optimism that cannabinoids extracted from Cannabis sativa L.
could be utilised to treat chronic pain and spasticity, according to a
number of clinical and preclinical research.
• Preclinical studies have also demonstrated the potential use of
endocannabinoids’ neuroprotective properties and partial inhibition
of disease progression.
• Spasticity is thought to be treated with nabiximols, THC, and oral
cannabis extract, although Sativex® is the only medication that has
been licenced for this use.

21. • D. Vomiting And Nausea Prevention :
• Studies have shown that THC activation of the CB1 receptor can decrease
the frequency of nausea and vomiting.
• Oral cannabis formulations are superior to a placebo in the treatment of
CINV (chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting).
• Studies come to contrasting conclusions when compared to other
antiemetics.
• Some of them claim that THC is superior, while others claim that they are
equally effective, and still others demonstrate that the best results come
from mixing cannabinoids with conventional medications

22. E. Pain:
• Cannabis can be used to treat pain because the endocannabinoid
system is involved in its regulation.
• Cannabis is most frequently used to treat pain, although not all forms
of pain respond to it in the same way.
• It most likely originates from many mechanisms that cause pain to
form. Cannabinoids cannot treat acute pain, according to studies, and
they only partially alleviate chronic pain.

23. F. Antioxidant activity:
The antioxidant activity in Cannabis sativa L. extracts, which have been
observed to have a moderate antioxidant capacity, can therefore be
believed to be caused by other secondary metabolites, such as
phytosterols.

24. G. Increasing Appetite:
• Numerous studies on animals have also shown that the injection of
cannabis increases appetite and food intake.
• Studies conducted in the 1970s revealed that smoking marijuana
increased calorie intake.
• It seems essential that medical marijuana has antiemetic and
appetite-boosting benefits for cancer patients.
• The medicine Marinol® has been approved for use in patients with
cancer and AIDS to increase appetite.

25. H. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation:
• Similar to the antioxidant action of vitamins E and C, THC and CBD
both have the ability to scavenge free radicals, reduce metal ions, and
guard against oxidation processes.
• The non-olivetolic fragments of THC and CBD contain unsaturated
bonds and phenolic groups that can easily oxidise to quinoid forms,
which may be the cause of their antioxidant abilities.

26. I. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases:
• Cannabis has been used for enteritis since the ancient time, but
sadly, research on this topic is limited.
• According to survey research, individuals self-medicate with cannabis
to treat symptoms of inflammatory bowel illness like diarrhoea,
appetite loss, and abdominal pain.

27. J. Parkinson’s Diseases :
• Motor functions and dopamine activity are regulated by
endocannabinoid system components.
• In order to treat mobility and neurodegenerative illnesses, cannabis
appears to be a promising therapeutic approach.

28. K. Tourette’s Syndrome :
• Many patients are looking for alternatives to their conventional
therapy or additional supplements to reduce their symptoms because
the treatments now available for Tourette's syndrome frequently fail
to produce the intended outcomes or have major adverse effects.
• Small clinical trials are the only source of the scant evidence
supporting THC's effectiveness in treating Tourette's syndrome
symptoms.

29. L. Schizophrenia:
• Long-term cannabis use alters neural synchronisation in a manner
similar to how schizophrenia affects its sufferers.
• Cannabis use has a negative impact on good symptoms and increases
the frequency of relapses following remission.
• Cannabis use, however, was proven to ameliorate the undesirable
effects

30. M. Glaucoma
• Studies employing medical marijuana administered orally,
intravenously, or inhaled have demonstrated that 9-THC lowers
intraocular pressure, a risk factor for glaucoma.
• The intraocular pressure is reduced by 25% in patients (60–65%).

31. N. COVID-19
• THC and CBD, two components of cannabis, can also block T-helper type 1
(Th1) cytokines and/or stimulate a Th2 immune response both in vitro and
in vivo.
• In COVID-19, Th1 and the inflammatory immune response profile are
predominant.
• While certain viruses may benefit from host inflammation, others may
have the opposite effect.
• Cannabis is a unique immunomodulatory substance. In patients with
COVID-19, its mode of delivery through smoking is contraindicated. To
improve patient safety, oral administration or inhalation of extracts should
be taken into consideration. Unfortunately, valid human research
demonstrating CBD's efficacious anti-inflammatory dosages is lacking.

32. CANNABIS AS RECREATIONAL DRUGS
The psychoactive effects of Cannabis are known to have a triphasic nature:
Primary Psychoactive Effect
A State of relaxation
To a lesser degree, euphoria from its main psychoactive compound- THC.
Secondary Psychoactive Effect
Facility for philosophical Thinking
Anxiety and paranoia
Tertiary Psychoactive Effect
Increase in heart rate and hunger
Believed to be caused by THC metabolized/produced in liver.

33. Pharmacopoieal Standard
• According to the USP draft chapter <1568> (and the USP HMC draft), three main
cannabis chemotypes (with specific Cannabinoid Acceptance Criteria) have been identified as
useful for labeling purposes based on the following cannabinoid constituents:
• Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-dominant
• THC / CBD (Cannabidiol) intermediate
• CBD-dominant
• Cannabis plants in each of these chemotypes could be further sub-categorized based on the content
of other cannabinoids and/or terpene profiles. In addition, morphologic and chromatographic tests
are provided for the identification and quantitative determination of critical constituents.
• Limits for loss on drying (LOD) and correction of cannabinoid content for moisture content are
not included in the USP .
• To avoid potential inflation of cannabinoid content expression by dry weight. In order to control
the water available to microbes in the Cannabis flower to prevent microbial growth, the water
activity should be controlled at 0.60 ± 0.05. The proposed limit for (other) foreign organic
matter (e.g., seeds) is max. 2 % (max. 5 % of the sample consists of Cannabis species
inflorescence stems of 3 mm of more in diameter). In addition, the total ash should be max. 20.0
% and acid-insoluble ash should be max. 4.0 %.

34. • Limits for contaminants (e.g., pesticide residues, microbial contaminants,
mycotoxins, and elemental impurities) are presented based on toxicological
considerations and aligned with the existing USP procedures for general
tests and assays (provided in USP chapter <561> Articles of Botanical
Origin). Considering the potential inhalation use of Cannabis, the following
acceptance criteria for heavy metals are proposed:
• Arsenic: max.0.2 ppm
• Cadmium: max. 0.2 ppm (USP HMC: 0.3 ppm)
• Lead: max. 0.5 ppm
• Mercury: max. 0.1 ppm
Source: https://www.gmp-journal.com/current-articles/details/quality-standards-for-medical-cannabis-update-on-pharmacopoeial-monographs.html

35. Source: J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2022 Jul-Sep; 13(3): 226–231.
Published online 2022 Jul 5. doi: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_96_22

36. Adulteration
Cannabis jellies found to contain synthetic
cannabinoids in Ireland
Source:
https://www.drugs.ie/news/article/hse_drug_trend_risk_communication_on_can
nabis_jellies_adulterated_with_synt#:~:text=Often%2C%20products%20do%20no
t%20contain,produce%20more%20intens
Synthetic cannabinoid
exposure: signs of
concern
•Feeling dizzy, confusion,
abnormal sweating,
respiratory issues
(difficulty breathing or lack
of breathing), chest
pain/rapid heartbeat,
nausea and vomiting,
agitation, aggression,
psychotic behaviour,
hallucinations, delusions,
seizures or fits.
•They can also lead to
sudden loss of
consciousness.

37. Some SCs detected:
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9305195/

38. Figure: Number of countries identifying
MDMB-4en-PINACA, by region, 2018-2021
Source: UNODC Early Warning Advisory on NPS, 2021.
Note: The data for the years 2020 and 2021 is preliminary and subject to change.

39. Global market
• The Cannabis market worldwide is projected to reach a revenue of
US$60.79bn in 2024.
• It is expected to show an annual growth rate (CAGR 2024-2028) of 14.06%,
resulting in a market volume of US$102.90bn by 2028.
• When compared globally, in the United States is expected to generate the
highest revenue in 2024, with an estimated amount of US$39,850.00m.
• In terms of per person revenues, it is anticipated that in 2024, each
individual worldwide will generate approximately US$15.55.
• These numbers highlight the immense potential and growth within the
Cannabis market.
• The cannabis market in Canada is experiencing rapid growth due to the
country's legalization of recreational use.

41. Some formulations of Cannabinods
https://www.gvbbiopharma.com/product/roll-on-
balms/

42. Types of Cannabis sativa products/medications available. *Under prescription medications, nabiximols (Sativex) is not U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved. It is available in Canada for cancer
pain and multiple sclerosis. Costs estimated as of June 2018 using (a) retail pricing where available, (b) average pricing from Minnesota’s medical cannabis companies, and (c) online sources.
**Extraction products are commonly produced through state programs. Whole-plant products are available in state programs and on the open market (“street”). ***Hemp = Cannabis sativa with < 0.3%
THC component
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Types-of-Cannabis-sativa-products-medications-available-
Under-prescription-medications_fig2_330783315

43. History and Legal Status of Cannabis
• Historically, cannabis has been used in various cultures and populations as
indigenous therapy for a range of medical ailments (e.g., fever, insomnia,
cachexia, headache, constipation, rheumatic pain) and diseases (e.g.,
venereal disease, malaria).
• Due to its presumed medical benefits, cannabis was recognized as an
official, licit drug and listed in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia in 1850.
Recreational use of cannabis surged in the 1930s during the Prohibition
Era.
• In 1937, the Marijuana Tax Act effectively thwarted all cannabis use
without criminalizing its possession or use. In 1970, the Controlled
Substances Act classified cannabis as schedule I illicit drugs, the most
restrictive category, and made possession a federal crime.

44. • The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), which administers the Controlled
Substances Act, continues to support the Schedule I assignment (and FDA
concurred) noting that cannabis meets the three criteria for such
placement under 21 U.S.C. 812(b):
high potential for abuse;
no currently accepted medical use in the US; and
lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision.
• A past evaluation by several Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS) agencies, including FDA, Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration (SAMHSA) and National Institute for Drug Abuse
(NIDA), concluded that no sound scientific studies supported medical use
of marijuana and no animal or human data supported the safety or efficacy
of marijuana for general medical use.1
Source:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6181739/#:~:text=Legalization%20of%20cannabi
s%20is%20the,act%2C%20article%2C%20or%20behavior.

45. Cannabis in Nepal
Cannabis has been illegal in Nepal since 1976, but the country has a long history of use of cannabis for
Ayurvedic medicine, intoxicant and as a holy offering for Hindu god Shiva and continues to produce cannabis
illicitly.
History
• Nepal has used psychoactive cannabis for centuries, and as early as the 1700s Nepalese charas was
recognized as the best available.
• Nepal was a gateway destination for every Ganja lover.
• There used to be a street known as Freak Street where Marijuana products were sold openly by licensed
agents.
• The popular street is still in front of Basantapur Durbar today known as the hippie street but eventually has
lost its charm now.
• Everyone was benefited including the Government, farmers and the businessmen from the cultivation, sales,
and production of Marijuana.
Note: In the early 1800s, commentator Francis Buchanan-Hamilton noted:
In Nepal, the Gangja, Charas, or Cannabis sativa, as mentioned, is a common weed:
but in that country, it is not cultivated, although much used for intoxication

46. • The Hippie Trail
In the 1960s, the Hippie Trail began to route young Western adventurers through
Nepal. The stable traditional cannabis economy was rocked by the influx of
demand, and the heavy usage by visitors normalized and made cannabis
consumption trendy locally. The increased demand and linkage to outside markets
led to an increase in hashish production, and smuggling routes were established
through India and the wider world.
• Prohibition
In 1973, Nepal canceled the licenses of all cannabis shops, dealers, and farmers,
under pressure from the United States and the international community.However,
personal cultivation and use were unaffected, and cannabis commerce continued
illicitly. The loss of $100,000 in government revenues caused disruption, and later
in the 1970s, attempts were made at crop substitution.

47. Law :
• Nepal enacts Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act, 2033 (1976) on 22 September 1976
prohibiting the cultivation, production, preparation, purchasing, selling,
distributing, exporting or importing, conduct any trafficking, storage of, or
consumption of cannabis.
• The Act classifies cannabis as narcotic drugs that includes:
(1) Any plant of cannabis/ marijuana genus including hemp and siddha and also
includes the leaves and flowers thereof.
(2) Natural resin, gum, and sap obtained from ... cannabis/ marijuana plants, and,
(3) Any substance containing any of the extract, substance, essence, mixture, and
beverage containing any of the substances mentioned above.
.

48. Legalization movement
• Member of Parliament from the Communist Party, Birodh Khatiwada,
and 47 other party lawmakers filed a motion in parliament in January
2020 calling for the legalization of Cannabis.
• Another legalization bill, supported by the national health minister,
was introduced in 2021.
Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Nepal#:~:text=places%20during%20shivaratri.-
,Legalization%20movement,minister%2C%20was%20introduced%20in%202021.

49. • However, the prohibition of the Act is not to be applied to the Government of
Nepal or any institution working under the full and complete supervision and
control of the Government of Nepal after obtaining a special license for
cultivating, preparation, producing, manufacturing, exporting, or importing
narcotic drugs for the purposes of medicine or scientific research or from selling
narcotic drugs to any person on the recommendation of a recognized medical
practitioner.
• The Government of Nepal may frame Rules regulating the production of hashish
(chares) from wild cannabis/marijuana plants growing in the western hilly region
of Nepal and the collection, storage, sale, and purchase of such hashish (chares)
for a specified period. The government of Nepal may, if it deems necessary, for
cannabis/ marijuana, for the purpose of preparing medicine, make available in
the required quantity of cannabis/ marijuana out of the cannabis confiscated or
seized under the Act to any agency which is engaged in the production of
medicine.

50. Developments for the future
• Pharmaceutical companies are continuing to research
cannabinoids and their uses. Nexien BioPharma, for
example, has one granted patent and seven pending
patents in total. Wasyl says that the indication they are
focused on currently is myotonic dystrophy and myotonia
and they are very close to a pre-investigational new drug
(IND) meeting with the FDA.
• He relays that Nexien is also looking at parenteral
formulations and parenteral delivery systems due to the
complications of absorbing the drug orally. “Some people
will metabolise THC into 11-Hydroxy-THC more readily
than others,” he explains. “Because 11-Hydroxy-THC is
more potent on a milligram per milligram basis, there can
be variations in side effect profiles. Also, patients may
need to be monitored carefully when they are on other
medications because cannabidiol is a cytochrome
p450 inhibitor – the enzyme complex in the liver that is
…patients may need
to be monitored
carefully when they
are on other
medications”

51. • Dr Chamberland explains that one of Tetra Bio-Pharma’s priorities is targeting advanced cancer
pain. He states that they have had a pre-IND meeting with the FDA where the programme was
essentially validated. The advanced cancer product is in its last phase of development and the
company recently completed another pre-IND meeting for its ophthalmic programme. “Now
we’re finalising what we need to enter a clinical trial in painful dry eye.” He says there are a lot
of “unmet medical needs” relating to pain conditions including the eye.
• Other developments for the company include working on interstitial cystitis, fibromyalgia and
opioid reduction. He notes they have “strong intellectual property for their product portfolio and
for their various delivery systems.”
• Kievid says that Echo Pharmaceuticals cover the whole value chain apart from growing the
cannabinoid plants. Their patents include a cannabinoid dry power granular formulation
suitable for oral administration within a tablet containing THC, CBD and other cannabinoids.
Echo has currently performed 10 clinical trials and has others in the pipeline.
• He remarks that using tablets that include pure THC or pure CBD are more patient friendly,
elegant and efficient solutions with higher bioavailability than other formulations of medicinal
cannabis, including smoking.

52. References
1. Saifi, M. S., Arif, M., Kaish, M., & Prakash Kushwaha, S. (2023).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMA PROFESSIONAL’S
RESEARCH Cannabis sativa L.-An Important Medicinal Plant: A Review of its
Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Applications in Sustainable
Economy (Vol. 14, Issue 3).
2. Malabadi, R. B., Kolkar, K. P., & Chalannavar, R. K. (2023). CANNABIS
SATIVA: Industrial hemp (fiber type)-An Ayurvedic Traditional Herbal
Medicine. International Journal of Innovation Scientific Research and Review,
05, 4040–4046. http://www.journalijisr.com