This document discusses stereotypes, their dangers, and how they are naturalized. It defines stereotypes as oversimplified representations of groups that highlight a few characteristics while ignoring many others. Stereotypes are limiting because they suggest characteristics are shared by many when they may depend on social realities, and they are used by dominant groups to describe subordinate ones. The document examines common stereotypes of non-white groups from the past like the "dangerous savage" and the "noble savage" and how these justified white control. It also discusses how stereotypes can negatively impact performance through stereotype threat which depletes cognitive resources and confirms the stereotype. Even positive stereotypes can be harmful by pushing people into narrow roles.
Cognitive schemas can result in stereotypes and contribute to prejudice.
Stereotypes Stereotypes are beliefs about people based on their membership in a particular group. Stereotypes can be positive, negative, or neutral. Stereotypes based on gender, ethnicity, or occupation are common in many societies.
Then Prejudice has been discussed
Do you need to know the secret of Archetype or fortune telling, and you wanted to know how can this science could change your destiny. Now secret is revealed and here it is. Read it once and you will be able to know about your destiny.
Cognitive schemas can result in stereotypes and contribute to prejudice.
Stereotypes Stereotypes are beliefs about people based on their membership in a particular group. Stereotypes can be positive, negative, or neutral. Stereotypes based on gender, ethnicity, or occupation are common in many societies.
Then Prejudice has been discussed
Do you need to know the secret of Archetype or fortune telling, and you wanted to know how can this science could change your destiny. Now secret is revealed and here it is. Read it once and you will be able to know about your destiny.
Similar to Meaning values and representation pt. 4.pptx (13)
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
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• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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1. Meaning,
Representation &
Values pt. 4
Year 12 Media Production & Analysis ATAR
Stereotypes and the
dangers in their
naturalisation
Representation of
subcultures and
associated values
3. What are
stereotypes?
Recap
An oversimplified representation of
a group of people. A few
characteristics are selected to
represent the group while many
other characteristics are ignored.
The representation is repeated until
it is assumed that all people in the
group are like this.
4. Stereotypes
Stereotypes act as a shorthand for delineating
character.Though they may involve some truth
about social realities of people’s lives, they are
limiting because:
- They suggest that a particular characteristics are
shaped by many people
- They suggest that these characteristics are part of
the essential nature of these people (that is they
are genetic, or biological) rather than connected to
any social realities
- In many instances stereotypes are used
disapprovingly by dominant groups to describe
subordinate groups.
Looking back at films, comics and popular literature
of the twentieth century you will find that the history
of white representation of other cultures and
peoples is dominated by stereotypes.
Many people believe that only
media texts depicting people of
colour and racial conflict are
about race, but it is also the case
that texts that have all white casts
are also making an implicit
ideological statement about race
by naturalising whiteness and
portraying it as the norm.
5. The DangerousSavage vs theCivilisedWhite
When white and other characters are depicted together we see how
stereotypes are connected. Early twentieth century representations
differentiated between the civilised white and the savage other.This
stereotype portrays people of colour as dangerous and animal-like.
When the two groups are portrayed together it is invariably to
demonstrate a fundamental opposition in their natures and ways of
being that justifies white violence – coded form as the honourable
retribution against savages – and suggests that whites need to
exercise control over native populations in order to tame them.
The whites are thus shown to be heroic, more intelligent and more
in control of their emotional and more rational.
6. The Noble
Savage
The noble savage is a variation on he dangerous savage
stereotype. It too sees people of colour as uncivilised, but
puts this in a positive light.The noble savage draws from
the notions that civilisation can be regarded as corrupted
and unnatural, and thought that people living outside of
European civilisation were pure and noble because of
their relationship with nature, their distance from the
decadence of European civilisation. Non-Europeans were
thus thought to have a higher morality than whites.
While this stereotype portrays people of colour as
morally superior to whites, it is still limiting as is locks
them into a pre-determined mould, denying them their
own histories, glossing over specificity of their own
cultures, and portraying them as incapable of change.
Whether people of colour are portrayed as savage or
childlike, poor or rich, etc. they are always presented
as being in need of white control and authority, thus
justifying white power.
7. Dangers in the
Naturalisation
ofStereotypes
While it may seem like we should just stop
paying attention to stereotypes, it often isn’t
that easy. False beliefs about our abilities easily
turn into a voice of self doubt in our heads that
can be hard to ignore. In the last couple of
decades, scientists have started to discover
that this can have damaging effects on our
actual performance.
This mechanism is due to what psychologists
call “stereotype threat” – referring to a fear of
doing something that would confirm negative
perceptions of a stigmatised group that we are
members of.
8. Dangers in the
Naturalisation
of
Stereotypes
Stereotype threat leads to a vicious circle. Stigmatised individuals
experience anxiety which depletes their cognitive resources and
leads to underperformance, confirmation of the negative
stereotype and reinforcement of the fear.
Researchers have identified a number of interrelated
mechanisms responsible for this effect, with the key being deficits
in working memory capacity – the ability to concentrate on the
task at hand and ignore distraction.Working memory under
stereotype threat conditions is affected by physiological stress,
performance monitoring and suppression processes (of anxiety
and the stereotype).
Neuroscientists have even measured these effects in the brain.
When we are affected by stereotype threat, brain regions
responsible for emotional self-regulation and social feedback are
activated while activity in the regions responsible for task
performance are inhibited.
9. Dangers in the
naturalisation
ofStereotypes
Negative stereotypes are harmful to
people of colour because assumptions,
rather than personalized information, can
justify the denial of educational,
employment, housing and other
opportunities.
Even so-called positive stereotypes can be
harmful it is theorised that stereotypes
about athletic skill and musical abilities
push African American youth away from
college in favour of efforts to become
athletes or entertainers, professions in
which statistically speaking, the vast
majority are destined to fail.