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3. Learning Competency
Explain the use of water from different sources in the
context of daily activities (S4ES-IVb-2).
At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning
competency should be met by the students.
4. Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to
do the following:
● Identify the different sources of water.
● Compare and contrast fresh water, salt water, and
ground water.
● Explain the use of water from different sources in the
context of daily activities.
● Explain the importance of water in daily activities.
10. Try it!
Warm-Up
1. Fill the pail with water.
2. Remove 2 cups of water from the pail.
3. Set the bucket aside.
4. Remove ½ cup of water from one of the cups, set this aside.
5. Get ½ cup of water.
6. Get the medicine dropper and draw some water into it from
the ½ cup.
Can You Spare a Drop?
11. Learn about It
● There are three main sources of water—salt water, fresh
water, and ground water.
● The amount of salt determines whether a body of water
is salt water, fresh water, or ground water.
● The kind of water that are used and consumed depends
on the source.
Source of Water
12. Learn about It
● More than 97% of Earth’s
water is found in seas and
oceans, which are both
examples of saltwater.
Source of Water
Global distribution of water
13. Learn about It
● Saltwater is any form of
water that contains plenty of
salt.
● Since saltwater contains
dissolved salt, it is denser
than either the freshwater or
groundwater.
Salt water
Beaches are a source of
saltwater.
14. Learn about It
Ocean
● An ocean is a huge body of
saltwater that covers mostly the
earth’s surface.
● There are five major oceans in the
world namely Pacific, Atlantic,
Indian, Antarctic, and Arctic oceans.
Salt water
Oceans cover most of
Earth’s surface.
16. Learn about It
Sea
● A sea is a part of the ocean that may
be partially or fully enclosed by land.
● Some of the popular seas in the
world are the Red Sea,
Mediterranean Sea, and West
Philippine Sea.
Salt water
Sea
17. Learn about It
Gulf and Lagoon
● A gulf is a large part of the sea or an ocean, which is
partially enclosed by land.
● A lagoon is also a part of the sea but is separated by a
sandbank or coral reefs or ocean.
Salt water
18. Learn about It
Salt water
Twin Lagoon in Coron, Palawan Lingayen Gulf in Pangasinan
19. Learn about It
● It makes up 2% of all the earth’s water resources.
However, only 1% of this is actually potable or safe to
drink.
● It contains very little to no salt at all.
● It is usually referred to as surface water since it collects
water on the surface of the ground.
Fresh water
20. Learn about It
Rivers and Streams
● A river is freshwater body that naturally flows to another
body of water such as lakes, lagoons, estuaries, and seas.
A small river that flows is called stream.
● Most of the freshwater that people use comes from the
rivers, but they only constitute a very small part of the
freshwater source of the earth.
Fresh water
22. Learn about It
Lake
● A lake is a freshwater body
enclosed by land.
● It is seldom connected to another
water source such as rivers or
seas. Unlike rivers, it is static and
has no outlet to drain its water.
Fresh water
Lake Danao, Leyte
23. Learn about It
Lake
● It is bigger and deeper than a pond, and can be man-made
or naturally existing.
○ Natural lakes are found near mountains and
volcanoes.
○ Man-made lakes are enclosed by barriers called dams.
These serve as water reservoirs or sources of
hydroelectric power.
Fresh water
24. Learn about It
Pond
● A pond is a body of standing water which is either
naturally or artificially-made. Similar to lakes, ponds are
enclosed by land and remain static.
● Ponds may be formed naturally when the river water
flows on a deep land basin and the water remains for
quite some time.
Fresh water
25. Learn about It
Pond
● Artificially-made ponds are
those that are created to serve
certain purpose.
● Fish pond is an artificially-made
pond which serves as home for
fishes that are being cultured.
Fresh water
Koi pond is an example of
an artificially-made pond.
26. Learn about It
Snow and Glaciers
● During the winter season, snow forms and accumulates on
mountains and highlands.
● During spring, snow melts and runs off into surface water.
● Glaciers are huge masses of ice that are slowly moving and
grow in size as snows continue to gather on them.
Fresh water
27. Learn about It
Snow and Glaciers
● On the other hand, icebergs are large pieces of freshwater
ice that float on huge bodies of water.
● About 68% of the freshwater is locked up in ice and glaciers.
● Glaciers and icebergs melt whenever exposed to hot
temperature. They both contribute to other bodies of water.
Fresh water
29. Learn about It
Groundwater
● It is found underneath Earth’s surface.
● This source of water seeps into the ground and fills in the
spaces between soil, sand, and rocks.
● As the water collects, it forms an underground layer of
water called water table.
Freshwater
30. Learn about It
Groundwater
● It is the healthiest source of drinking water since minerals
that are important to human body are dissolved in it.
● Beneath the water table are aquifers or huge storage
houses of water.
● Springs are natural openings on Earth’s surface where
groundwater is accessible.
Freshwater
32. Learn about It
● Clouds are considered as source
of water.
● Rain and snow come from heavy
clouds.
● During rains, water pours down
and replenishes surface waters.
Source of Water
Groundwater can also come
from rain.
33. Learn about It
Recreational Activities
● People use water for recreational activities like swimming,
snorkeling, diving, and canoeing.
● The shallow part of the sea is a good place to swim in
together with some fish near the shore.
Uses of Salt water
34. Learn about It
Uses of Saltwater
Saltwater can be used in different recreational activities.
35. Learn about It
Route of Transportation
● Inter-island travel has been
faster in the recent years due to
the Roll-in, Roll-off system
(RORO) used in ports to carry
passenger vehicles.
Uses of Salt water
A RORO ship loading a
passenger vehicle.
36. Learn about It
Habitat for Aquatic Plants and
Animals
● Saltwater also serves as habitats
of aquatic plants and animals.
● Marine animals live, grow, and
reproduce in seas and oceans.
Uses of Salt water
Different marine species live,
grow, and reproduce in seas
and oceans.
37. Learn about It
Habitat for Aquatic Plants and Animals
● Most saltwater fish, seashells, and seaweeds are used
mainly for food.
● This also provides livelihood to fishermen, who get their
source of income by catching seafood and selling them in
markets.
Uses of Saltwater
38. Learn about It
Salt Production
● Salt can also be harvested
through evaporation. Salt
crystals are raked once the water
has dried up.
● This method can take several
days to weeks to harvest salt
Uses of Saltwater
Production of sea salt
39. Learn about It
Good Supply of Potable Water
● The safest water to drink comes from the groundwater.
● Aside from the minerals in it that are healthy for the body, it
is less exposed to pollutants compared to groundwater.
● People dig the ground and look for spring where they could
get clean water.
Uses of Groundwater
40. Learn about It
Uses of Groundwater
Water pumps, deep well, and artesian well use groundwater as their
water source.
41. Learn about It
Recreational Activities
● Hot springs have many
dissolved minerals, thus
bathing in it soaks the skin and
improves its elasticity.
Uses of Groundwater
Bathing in hot spring brings a
lot of benefits to humans.
42. Learn about It
Recreational Activities
● The warm flow of water also
improves blood circulation and
relieves joint pains.
Uses of Groundwater
Bathing in hot spring brings a
lot of benefits to humans.
43. Learn about It
Irrigation
● Groundwater is used for
irrigation or water supply to
crops to support their growth.
● Some countries have irrigation
system underground to ensure
a continuous water supply.
Uses of Groundwater
Water is used for irrigation in
farms.
44. Learn about It
Household Activities
● The water that comes out of the faucet is used for bathing,
cleaning the dishes, or clothes, watering the plants, or
preparing food.
● The source of this water may come from the river, which is
treated through a water treatment facility.
Uses of Freshwater
45. Learn about It
Uses of Groundwater
Washing clothes, bathing and cleaning the dishes are some activities that
use freshwater
46. Learn about It
Recreational Activities
● Picnics can be held on riverbanks while some are riding on a
boat to go on fishing. A clean river or stream is perfect for
swimming too.
● Flowing river water is suitable for rafting too, an outdoor
water sport that uses an inflatable raft that navigates on the
river.
Uses of Freshwater
47. Learn about It
Uses of Freshwater
Boating and rafting are some recreational activities in freshwater
48. Learn about It
Route of Transportation
● Ferry boats run on river’s
surface and provide an
alternative route for
commuters.
Uses of Freshwater
The Pasig River ferry gives
commuters the option to travel
by water across the river.
49. Learn about It
Route of Transportation
● Pasig River, despite being
filthy, is an alternative route
for those who want to avoid
road traffic.
Uses of Freshwater
The Pasig River ferry gives
commuters the option to travel
by water across the river.
50. Learn about It
Dwelling Place for Aquatic Plants and Animals
● Water lilies, lotus, and water hyacinths are found on lakes
and rivers.
● Some freshwater fish, shrimps, crabs, and shellfish are living
in lakes, rivers, or ponds.
● When freshwater is clean and not polluted, aquatic animals
may be obtained and consumed as food.
Uses of Freshwater
51. Learn about It
Uses of Freshwater
Freshwater serves as a dwelling place for various aquatic plants and
animals.
52. Learn about It
Water Supply for Plants and Animals on Land
● Some trees living near riverbanks or lakeshore absorbs
water from the ground, which is also supplied by the river
or lake.
● Some animals drink water from streams or springs
whenever they get thirsty. Without water, plants will wither
and animals will die of thirst.
Uses of Freshwater
53. Learn about It
Uses of Freshwater
Fresh water is needed by plants and animals to survive.
54. Key Points
● Water on Earth can be found on the surface and in the ground.
● The three sources of water are salt water, ground water, and
fresh water.
○ More than 97% of the earth’s water is found in seas and
oceans, which are both examples of salt water.
○ Ground water is found underneath the earth’s surface.
○ Fresh water makes up 2% of all the earth’s water resources.
But only 1% of this is actually potable or safe to drink. Unlike
saltwater, freshwater contains very little to no salt at all.
55. Key Points
● Water has many important uses not only to humans but even to
plants and animals. Its usage depends on the source where it is
obtained.
○ Salt water is used for transportation to and from islands and
recreation activities like swimming and snorkeling.
○ Fresh water can be used in houses for washing and cleaning.
○ Ground water can be filtered and used for drinking.
56. Check Your Understanding
Write true if the statement is correct.
Otherwise, write false.
1. The major source of water on Earth is saltwater.
2. Groundwater can be found on the surface of the earth.
3. Springs are openings on the ground where freshwater is
readily accessible.
4. Saltwater can be used for drinking.
5. Freshwater can serve as animal and plant habitat.
57. Photo Credits
Slide 14: World map ocean locator-en by Pinpin is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
Slide 17: Waterfront (Lingayen Gulf) of San Fabian, Pangasinan, Philippines by P199 is licensed under CC
BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Twin Lagoon Coron Palawan by Manong Frank is licensed under CC
BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
Slide 21: Lake Danao by Brenda Bonjoc is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
Slide 34: Pasig River, Santa Ana (Manila; 12-31-2019) by patrickroque01 is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
via Wikimedia Commons.
58. Photo Credits
Slide 37: Marakkanam Salt Pans by Dey.sandip is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
Slide 40: Hot Spring at Tatopani (4523585441) by Greg Willis is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia
Commons.
Slide 47 and 48: Pasig Ferry by Barrera marquez is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia
Commons.
59. Bibliography
Earthday.org. n.d. “Filtering Water.” Accessed August 2, 2018. http://www.earthday.org/wp-
content/uploads/5-8-Lesson-Plan1.pdf
Groundwater.org. n.d. “How much water do you use?” Accessed August 5, 2018.
https://groundwaterorg.presencehost.net/file_download/inline/7265455c-5cd6-45b1-8969-
994d3eea0e52
NOAA: Ocean Explorer. “How does the ocean affect climate and weather?” Accessed August 3, 2018.
https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/climate.htm
Pollette and Raiford. 2015. “Water Cycle.” Accessed August 3, 2018
http://www.treutlen.k12.ga.us/userfiles/99/Classes/412/WaterCycle%20Project.pdf
The Water Project. “Make a Mini Water Cycle.” Accessed August 3, 2018.
https://thewaterproject.org/resources/lesson-plans/create-a-mini-water-cycle
60. Bibliography
USGS Water School. “How much water is there on ,in and above the Earth? Accessed August 2, 2018.
https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthhowmuch.html
WEPA. “State of Water: Philippines.” Accessed August 4, 2018. http://www.wepa-
db.net/policies/state/philippines/groundwater.htm
