The document provides an overview of the early history and development of the World Wide Web. It discusses key figures and technologies that contributed to the Web, including: - Tim Berners-Lee's invention of HTML, HTTP, and the first website in 1989 to solve the problem of knowledge management at CERN. - Early computer networks like ARPANET and BBS communities that helped pioneer the concepts of distributed networks and online communities. - The "Hyperland" documentary that envisioned many aspects of hypertext and digital media that would be realized by the Web. - How the Web brought together networks, hypertext, and digital communities in a way that shaped its social and cultural impact.

1. Seminar 4 The World Wide Web Introduction to the Digital Liberal Arts MDST 3703 / 7703Fall 2010

2. Business Project meetings Be sure to sign up Reading responses going forward Log into the course blog Create a post Associate post with the category for the class, e.g. 09-14 Responses Questions?

3. Overview Conclude Hypertext II by reviewing Hyperland Brief history of the Web as culmination of hypertext period and beginning of Web 1.0

4. HyperLand A documentary on the future of hypermedia created just as Tim Berners-Lee is inventing the World Wide Web

5. Digital Representation See two examples: Music and Stories (Hyperland Quotes on course site) What do these have in common?

6. Both show shapes of time everything is information shape = structure = code

7. Digital representation allows you to “see structure” shape = synchrony = everything-at-once

8. Picasso, Guernica, 1937

9. Hypertext?

10. Guernica example as hypermedia in both form and content

11. How does Hyperland envision the solution to too much information?

12. Agents

13. (agents are like angels)

14. Do the projects and technologies described in Hyperland resemble what we find on the web today?

15. A Brief History of the Web

16. The history of the Web is a story with three major subplots Networks Hyerptext Community

17. Distributed Networks

18. Arpanet 1969 First two nodes A military project (DARPA) to develop a network that could survive a nuclear attack http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/ivh/chap2.htm

19. 1969 http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/cybergeography//atlas/historical.html

20. 1971

21. 1971

22. 1977

23. Hypertext

24. Nelson 1963

25. HyerpText

26. Digital Community

27. “From the moment people have connected computers to one another, we have been using them to talk to one another” Ethan Zuckerman

28. http://globalvoicesonline.org/author/ezuckerman/

29. A paper-based database offering thousands of hacks, tips, tools, suggestions, and possibilities for optimizing your life Steve Jobs called it the conceptual forerunner of the World Wide Web and the Bible of his generation Stuart Brand, 1968--1972

30. http://static.open.salon.com/files/whole_earth_catalog1245701068.jpg

31. Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link 1985 An early BBS, outgrowth of the WWC

32. HTML, HTTP, and World Wide Web

33. Berners-Lee brought the three subplots together

34. World Wide Web 1989 Involves all three dimensions

35. How it works … Hypertext = HTML A language for documents Networks = HTTP A language for computers (clients and servers) Community Purpose from the beginning Focuses on how people use information Both HTTP and HTMP build this requirement into their architecture …

36. What is the problem Berners-Lee was trying to solve?

37. “the problems of loss of information about complex evolving systems” The problem of knowledge management “Many of the discussions of the future at CERN … end with the question -- Yes, but how will we ever keep track of such a large project?” “When two years is a typical length of stay, information is constantly being lost. “

38. How does the shape of data in the web match its intended social use?

39. [Although CERN is] nominally organised into a hierarchical management structure, this does not constrain the way people will communicate, and share information, equipment and software across groups. The actual observed working structure of the organisation is a multiply connected "web" whose interconnections evolve with time. The system must allow any sort of information to be entered. Another person must be able to find the information, sometimes without knowing what he is looking for.

40. Hierarchy = appearance Network = reality

41. How is it possible to connect networks, hypertext, and digital community?

42. Networks connect computers Hypertext connects documents Communities connect people Each mode of connection shares a common cultural logic (in spite of cultural differences)

43. A weird mix of military, hippie, hacker, and academic cultures

44. . . . sharing a common cultural form

46. Effects and Affordances

47. Effect 1 The social dimension overtook the computational one We still don’t have agents No true hypertext (according to Nelson) Instead, filtering has become socially mediated

48. Google 1999

49. Facebook 2006

51. We are left with social-semantic space

52. Effect 2 The Network is the Medium Laws of the Realm Metcalf's Law Page Rank The Long Tail Connectedness

53. Metcalfe's Law

54. Page Rank

55. The Long Tail

56. Six Degrees

57. How is content filtered in this new space?