Max Arkley-Smith's Fungi Presentation for Lithgow Local News, a Bioregional Collaboration with the Blue Mountains Planetary Health Initiative: www.lithgowlocalnews.com
Talk about my experiences as a mushroom hunter. Concentrates on an old favourite, fly agaric, and a strange new visitor to the Netherlands: the Jack-O'-Lantern mushroom.
Added, same day: connections to Data Science, Machine Learning, Big Data and AI
But then I discovered that Slideshare no longer allows you to update the *slides* of a talk. I am now looking for an alternative provider, which has heard of the notion of "version control".
Email me if you want to see the latest version.
Talk about my experiences as a mushroom hunter. Concentrates on an old favourite, fly agaric, and a strange new visitor to the Netherlands: the Jack-O'-Lantern mushroom.
Added, same day: connections to Data Science, Machine Learning, Big Data and AI
But then I discovered that Slideshare no longer allows you to update the *slides* of a talk. I am now looking for an alternative provider, which has heard of the notion of "version control".
Email me if you want to see the latest version.
To deal with pests, such as mealybugs or spider mites, most farmers use chemical pesticides which can impact health, pollute water supplies through runoff, and, if pesticides are misused or overused, can actually kill plants. You can avoid toxic chemicals by using natural pest control methods instead. Taking a preventative approach will also save you time and MONEY. The following presentation presents ways in which we can fight pests without using pesticides.
Talk about my experiences as a mushroom hunter. Concentrates on an old favourite, fly agaric, and a strange new visitor to the Netherlands: the Jack-O'-Lantern mushroom. Connections to Data Science, Machine Learning, Big Data and AI. Also environmental issues.
Microbiology is a branch of science that deals with microbes. The term microbiology derives its name from three Greek words mikros [small] bios [life] and logos [study]. Microbiology focus on the occurrence and distribution of microorganisms in nature, their structure, physiology, reproduction, metabolism and classification.
Microbes - Microorganisms are tiny and invisible to naked eye. They can be seen only by magnifying their image with a microscope. Small subcellular or cellular living beings with milli-micron or micron in size and are not visible to our naked eyes are called micro-organisms. Microorganisms include the cellular organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa. Viruses are also included as one of the microorganism but they are acellular.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
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To deal with pests, such as mealybugs or spider mites, most farmers use chemical pesticides which can impact health, pollute water supplies through runoff, and, if pesticides are misused or overused, can actually kill plants. You can avoid toxic chemicals by using natural pest control methods instead. Taking a preventative approach will also save you time and MONEY. The following presentation presents ways in which we can fight pests without using pesticides.
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Microbiology is a branch of science that deals with microbes. The term microbiology derives its name from three Greek words mikros [small] bios [life] and logos [study]. Microbiology focus on the occurrence and distribution of microorganisms in nature, their structure, physiology, reproduction, metabolism and classification.
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Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
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3. [1] Hug, L., Baker, B., Anantharaman, K. et al. A new view of the tree of life. Nat Microbiol 1, 16048 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.48
[2] Adl, S.M., et al. (2012), The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 59: 429-514. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x
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4. What are fungi? Overview
Macroscopic
filamentous
fungi (with
mushrooms)
Single celled
yeasts
Multicellular
filamentous
moulds
Heterotrophic
Organisms
Must consume
nutrients to
survive
Can only move
via growth
5. What are fungi? (as close as
you can get)
2
Diverse range of organisms built from Chitin
Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature behind
cellulose
Abundant in the exoskeletons of crustaceans, and insects, and some fish
and amphibians
6. About chitin
2
Conversion to Chitosan Electrolytic
properties
Gel forming
High adsorption
Water treatment
Biosensors
Agriculture
Food Processing
Textile additives
Medicine
delivery
Low toxicity
Biocompatibility
[3] Merzendorfer, H., Cohen, E. (2019). Chitin/Chitosan: Versatile Ecological, Industrial, and Biomedical Applications. In: Cohen, E., Merzendorfer, H. (eds) Extracellular Sugar-Based Biopolymers
Matrices. Biologically-Inspired Systems, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_14
7. Hyphae, mycelium, and the
life cycles of fungi
2
Fungi reproduce
through spores
Asexually or
sexually
Homo (same
mycelia) or hetero
(different mycelia)
-karyotically
8. Hyphae, mycelium, and the
life cycles of fungi
2
[4] Priyamvada, H., Singh, R.K., Akila, M. et al. Seasonal variation of the dominant allergenic fungal aerosols – One year study from southern Indian region. Sci Rep 7, 11171 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11727-7
9. Fungal feeding relationships
2
Fungi have 3 main
methods of feeding
1.
Decomposing
dead organic
matter
2. Mutual
relationships
with living
organisms
3. Parasitic
feeding
10. Saprotrophic Feeding
2
Fungi are one of the
most important
decomposers in the
environment
Responsible for
cycling and
decomposition of
organics and
mineral
Metabolic outputs
include C, H, O, N, P,
S, metals, and
metalloids
[5] G.M. Gadd, Fungi and Their Role in the Biosphere, Encyclopedia of Ecology, Academic Press, 2008, pp. 1709-1717,
ISBN 9780080454054, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008045405-4.00734-5.
Fungi
Inorganics Organics
Enzyme & metabolite
mediated transformations
Interactions between
organic and inorganic
chemicals
Uptake, sorption,
and metabolism
Uptake, degradation,
and metabolism
Production of
inorganic
metabolites
Production of inorganic
metabolites, exopolymers
and biomass
11. Mutualistic/mycorrhizal
feeding relationships
2
>80% of fungi have
a mycorrhizal
relationship with a
specific plant
The fungus gets
direct access to
food from the
roots of the plant
The plant benefits
from increased
water absorption
via the mycelium
This relationship
may have allowed
plants first to
colonise land
Lichens are part
photosynthesiser
and part fungi
[6] ASTA Juliette (August 21, 2019), Lichens, surprising pioneering organisms, Encyclopedia of the
Environment, Accessed April 18, 2023 [online ISSN 2555-0950] url : https://www.encyclopedie-
environnement.org/en/life/lichens-pioneering-organisms/.
12. [7] Heim, R. 1977. Termites et champignons. Les champignons
termitophiles d´Afrique Noire et d´Asie méridionale. Société Nouvelle
des Éditions Boubée, Paris.
Some termites cultivate
fungal gardens for nutrition
and building purposes
14. Fungi as food
Mushrooms have been
discovered in human
remains dating back to over
18000 years
Mushrooms are still
traditionally consumed as
food in many Eastern
European and Asian
cultures while, only select
species are cultivated in the
west
Many mushrooms are
unsafe for eating or contain
undesirable psychoactive or
bioactive effects, such as
the Fly Agaric, consumed by
Vikings, shamans, and
ancient Mexicans
Wild truffles are one of the
most sought-after and
expensive foods in the
world (up to $100 each)
[8] Kotowski, M. (2019). 'History of mushroom consumption and its impact on traditional view on mycobiota – an example from Poland', Microbial Biosystems, 4(3), pp. 1-13. doi:
10.21608/mb.2019.61290
15. Fungi in
Australia
Most traditional
knowledge is lost
due to
colonisation
There are estimated to
be nearly 13,000
species of fungi in
Australia
James Drummond, an
early settler and plant
collector in Western
Australia talked of a
large luminous
mushroom (most
likely Omphalotus
nidiformis) and
reported that several
Aboriginal people,
when they saw it
"...cried out 'Chinga!'
their name for a spirit,
and seemed much
afraid of it".
The species recorded
eaten or used by
aboriginal people
include:
- Choiromyces
aboriginum (native
truffle)
- Beech oranges
- Native bread
- Phellinus sp. ( as
medicine for sore
throats and chest
infections)
- Pycnoporus sp. ( used
as teething rings, for
ulcers, and sore lips)
[9] Kalotas,A, Fungi of Australia, Volume 1B, retrieved from Aboriginal use of fungi (anbg.gov.au)
16. Foraging and
Foraying
Foraying is a scientific
expedition to identify
fungi
Foraging is a
gathering practice to
eat or use fungi
When done safely and
ethically, foraging can
be a great way to
connect with the
environment
Collecting pine
mushrooms in Winter
and Autumn is the
easiest way to stat
Learn from an expert
in-person and triple
check mushroom
identities before
eating any mushroom!
17. How to Get Involved
Learning from
experts
•Diego Bonetto
• Weed and mushroom foraging and cooking workshops in Sydney and
surrounds
• @theweedyone in Instagram, diegobonetto.com
•Martin Martini
• Native mushroom expert and experimental forager
•@bellyof theworldmushrooms on Instagram and facebook
•QLD based but comes down to NSW regularly
Buy an
identification
field guide
•Field Guide to Australian Fungi (Bruce Fuhrer)
•Wild Mushrooming, a guide from foragers (Pouliot and May)
•Field Guide to the Fungi of Australia (Young and Smith)
Join Online
Communities
•iNaturalist
•Social nature ID app with really good AI matching that contributes to
research
•Fungus Identification Australia and New Zealand (Facebook group)
•Group of amateurs and experts used by most as their triple check before
eating anything
Go Outside
•Look at the ground after it rains
