Mathematics provides the framework for computer science and computation. Several areas of mathematics are fundamental to computer science, including number systems, discrete mathematics, statistics, linear algebra, and calculus. Number systems like binary and hexadecimal are crucial for circuit design, memory, addresses, and cryptography. Discrete mathematics includes probability, logic, and graph theory, and helps analyze relationships and test algorithms. Statistics allows programs to make accurate predictions from data and is the basis for machine learning. Linear algebra is important for cryptography, machine learning, compression, and graphics. Calculus, especially differential calculus, impacts areas like communications, data mining, robotics, and simulation.