This document summarizes Guy Lebanon's PhD thesis on applying concepts from Riemannian geometry to statistical machine learning. It introduces statistical manifolds and examines the geometry of probability model spaces. It explores how this geometric perspective can provide theoretical insights into algorithms like AdaBoost and logistic regression. It also describes developing new algorithms by adapting existing methods like kernels and margin classifiers to non-Euclidean geometries appropriate for data like text documents. The goal is to enhance understanding of machine learning algorithms and develop new approaches by considering the intrinsic geometries of model and data spaces.
This document provides an overview of the book "The Finite Volume Method in Computational Fluid Dynamics" by F. Moukalled, L. Mangani, and M. Darwish. The book covers the finite volume method (FVM) used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. It discusses the numerical methods, algorithms, and applications of FVM in CFD. The book is intended for graduate students and provides the foundation needed to develop a robust CFD code using the unstructured finite volume method. It includes examples implemented in OpenFOAM and MATLAB.
This dissertation proposes variational methods for signal and image processing problems. Part I introduces Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), a method for decomposing signals into intrinsic mode functions. VMD models the decomposition as an optimization problem that minimizes the bandwidth of individual modes while reconstructing the original signal. Part II extends VMD to multidimensional signals like images, and introduces binary support functions to allow for spatially compact modes. Part III presents a variational model for removing stripes from remote sensing imagery by leveraging sparsity and total variation regularization with L1 fidelity. The dissertation demonstrates these variational methods on a variety of synthetic and real-world signals and images.
This document is a thesis presented by Miguel de Vega Rodrigo to obtain a doctorate in engineering sciences from the Université libre de Bruxelles in 2008. The thesis models future all-optical networks without buffering capabilities, specifically optical burst switching (OBS) and optical packet switching (OPS) networks. It covers the functional and hardware implementation of such networks, characterization of internet traffic that will enter these networks, and mathematical modeling approaches for the networks and traffic.
MIMO-OFDM communication systems_ channel estimation and wireless.pdfSamerSamerM
This dissertation addresses two problems in MIMO-OFDM communication systems: channel estimation and wireless location. For channel estimation, a pilot-tone based least squares algorithm is proposed. A unitary pilot matrix is designed to estimate the MIMO channel with minimum mean squared error and reduced complexity. For wireless location, a least squares approach is formulated to estimate location from time difference of arrival and angle of arrival measurements. The method is applied to WiMax networks and simulations demonstrate its accuracy.
Homodyne OLT-ONU Design for Access Optical NetworksJosep Fabrega
This document summarizes a Ph.D. thesis by Josep Ma Fàbrega on the topic of homodyne OLT-ONU design for access optical networks. The thesis was presented at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya in fulfillment of the doctorate program requirements. The work proposes and experimentally evaluates several novel homodyne receiver architectures based on optical phase-locked loops for use in next-generation access networks requiring higher bandwidth connections. Specifically, a prototype receiver was developed and demonstrated 1 Gbps transmission with a sensitivity of -38.7 dBm and a power budget of 47 dB. The thesis also proposes different passive optical network architectures designed to work with the developed homodyne receivers
This document is the dissertation of Alexandros Sklavos submitted to Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern for the degree of Doctor of Engineering. The dissertation proposes a service area based OFDM air interface for beyond 3G mobile radio systems. It introduces the demands on future mobile radio systems, compares service area and cellular architectures, describes the OFDM transmission technique, reviews the state of the art, and outlines the structure of the thesis. The dissertation then models OFDM-based MIMO systems, proposes uplink and downlink transmission schemes in the service area concept, and investigates their performance through simulation.
This dissertation proposes and analyzes methods for adaptive transceiver design and performance enhancement in OFDM systems. It first develops a new model for the time-varying indoor wireless channel based on Doppler spectrum measurements. It then presents adaptive synchronization techniques for OFDM receivers, including windowing and Kalman filtering approaches, to mitigate timing estimation errors under different channel conditions. An enhanced DFT-based MMSE channel estimator using Kalman smoothing is also proposed to minimize spectral leakage effects from virtual carriers. Finally, a method is introduced to improve throughput by adaptively optimizing constellation sizes and power distributions across sub-carriers during transmissions. Simulation results show the proposed estimation methods and throughput optimization can significantly improve synchronization accuracy and system performance.
This document summarizes Guy Lebanon's PhD thesis on applying concepts from Riemannian geometry to statistical machine learning. It introduces statistical manifolds and examines the geometry of probability model spaces. It explores how this geometric perspective can provide theoretical insights into algorithms like AdaBoost and logistic regression. It also describes developing new algorithms by adapting existing methods like kernels and margin classifiers to non-Euclidean geometries appropriate for data like text documents. The goal is to enhance understanding of machine learning algorithms and develop new approaches by considering the intrinsic geometries of model and data spaces.
This document provides an overview of the book "The Finite Volume Method in Computational Fluid Dynamics" by F. Moukalled, L. Mangani, and M. Darwish. The book covers the finite volume method (FVM) used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. It discusses the numerical methods, algorithms, and applications of FVM in CFD. The book is intended for graduate students and provides the foundation needed to develop a robust CFD code using the unstructured finite volume method. It includes examples implemented in OpenFOAM and MATLAB.
This dissertation proposes variational methods for signal and image processing problems. Part I introduces Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), a method for decomposing signals into intrinsic mode functions. VMD models the decomposition as an optimization problem that minimizes the bandwidth of individual modes while reconstructing the original signal. Part II extends VMD to multidimensional signals like images, and introduces binary support functions to allow for spatially compact modes. Part III presents a variational model for removing stripes from remote sensing imagery by leveraging sparsity and total variation regularization with L1 fidelity. The dissertation demonstrates these variational methods on a variety of synthetic and real-world signals and images.
This document is a thesis presented by Miguel de Vega Rodrigo to obtain a doctorate in engineering sciences from the Université libre de Bruxelles in 2008. The thesis models future all-optical networks without buffering capabilities, specifically optical burst switching (OBS) and optical packet switching (OPS) networks. It covers the functional and hardware implementation of such networks, characterization of internet traffic that will enter these networks, and mathematical modeling approaches for the networks and traffic.
MIMO-OFDM communication systems_ channel estimation and wireless.pdfSamerSamerM
This dissertation addresses two problems in MIMO-OFDM communication systems: channel estimation and wireless location. For channel estimation, a pilot-tone based least squares algorithm is proposed. A unitary pilot matrix is designed to estimate the MIMO channel with minimum mean squared error and reduced complexity. For wireless location, a least squares approach is formulated to estimate location from time difference of arrival and angle of arrival measurements. The method is applied to WiMax networks and simulations demonstrate its accuracy.
Homodyne OLT-ONU Design for Access Optical NetworksJosep Fabrega
This document summarizes a Ph.D. thesis by Josep Ma Fàbrega on the topic of homodyne OLT-ONU design for access optical networks. The thesis was presented at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya in fulfillment of the doctorate program requirements. The work proposes and experimentally evaluates several novel homodyne receiver architectures based on optical phase-locked loops for use in next-generation access networks requiring higher bandwidth connections. Specifically, a prototype receiver was developed and demonstrated 1 Gbps transmission with a sensitivity of -38.7 dBm and a power budget of 47 dB. The thesis also proposes different passive optical network architectures designed to work with the developed homodyne receivers
This document is the dissertation of Alexandros Sklavos submitted to Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern for the degree of Doctor of Engineering. The dissertation proposes a service area based OFDM air interface for beyond 3G mobile radio systems. It introduces the demands on future mobile radio systems, compares service area and cellular architectures, describes the OFDM transmission technique, reviews the state of the art, and outlines the structure of the thesis. The dissertation then models OFDM-based MIMO systems, proposes uplink and downlink transmission schemes in the service area concept, and investigates their performance through simulation.
This dissertation proposes and analyzes methods for adaptive transceiver design and performance enhancement in OFDM systems. It first develops a new model for the time-varying indoor wireless channel based on Doppler spectrum measurements. It then presents adaptive synchronization techniques for OFDM receivers, including windowing and Kalman filtering approaches, to mitigate timing estimation errors under different channel conditions. An enhanced DFT-based MMSE channel estimator using Kalman smoothing is also proposed to minimize spectral leakage effects from virtual carriers. Finally, a method is introduced to improve throughput by adaptively optimizing constellation sizes and power distributions across sub-carriers during transmissions. Simulation results show the proposed estimation methods and throughput optimization can significantly improve synchronization accuracy and system performance.
This document is the dissertation of Davi Correia submitted in 2006 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Computer Engineering. The dissertation proposes a higher-order perfectly matched layer (PML) that combines advantages of regular and complex frequency shifted PMLs. It applies the second-order PML to open-region, waveguide and periodic electromagnetic problems. Results show the second-order PML outperforms regular and CFS-PMLs and its performance is independent of simulation technique used. The dissertation contains 7 chapters presenting formulation, implementation and numerical results of the higher-order PML applied to various problems.
This document is the thesis of Alessandro Adamo submitted for a PhD in Mathematics and Statistics for Computational Sciences. The thesis proposes a new algorithm called LIMAPS (Lipschitzian Mappings for Sparse recovery) for solving underdetermined linear systems based on nonconvex Lipschitzian mappings. Chapter 1 provides theoretical foundations on sparse recovery and compressive sensing. Chapter 2 introduces LIMAPS and its iterative scheme for sparse representation and sparsity minimization. Chapters 3 and 4 apply LIMAPS to face recognition and ECG signal compression respectively, demonstrating its effectiveness on real-world applications.
Photometry of the UWISH2 extended H2 source catalogueJack Nicholas
This thesis presents photometry of H2 emission features detected in the UWISH2 survey. The author developed a program to measure the area, location, mean, median and peak intensities of over 33,000 individual H2 features. Two methods of flux measurement were used: total flux photometry and median surface brightness times area photometry. The ratios of fluxes from the two methods showed good agreement for most feature types. Distributions of population, area and flux were analyzed for individual features and grouped features. The majority of H2 flux from jets and PDRs was found in the lower Galactic longitudes, indicating increased star formation activity there. The signal-to-noise ratio was also calculated for each feature, with a median
This thesis introduces an efficient radar transmitter enabled by supply modulation. It compares the theoretical behavior of Class-B and Class-A power amplifiers (PAs) under Gaussian envelope signals and validates this experimentally on a 10-GHz GaN MMIC PA. When driven by a Gaussian pulse with linear frequency modulation, the PA achieves 31% average efficiency over the pulse. To improve efficiency further, a resonant supply modulator is used, achieving 40% average PAE for the PA alone and reducing spectral emissions by 40 dB compared to a rectangular pulse with the same energy. The thesis also presents the design of an X-Band GaN Doherty MMIC PA for a variable power radar with over 40% PAE from 30-35
NOVEL NUMERICAL PROCEDURES FOR LIMIT ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES: MESH-FREE METHODSCanh Le
This thesis investigates novel numerical procedures for limit analysis of structures using meshfree methods and mathematical programming. A kinematic limit analysis formulation is developed using the Element-Free Galerkin (EFG) method and second-order cone programming (SOCP). An adaptive EFG scheme is also developed using error estimation. Additionally, an equilibrium formulation is presented using a meshfree moving least squares approximation of moment fields and SOCP. Numerical examples involving plates and slabs demonstrate the formulations. The research aims to develop efficient and robust computational tools for engineering limit analysis applications.
This document is a PhD thesis submitted by Domenico Schiavulli to the University of Naples Parthenope in March 2015. The thesis examines the use of Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) for marine and maritime applications. It provides an overview of GNSS systems including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, and IRNSS. It also presents modeling and simulation of GNSS-R, including bistatic scattering models, simulators to generate delay-Doppler maps from sea surface reflections, and the use of GNSS-R for remote sensing applications such as radar image reconstruction. The thesis examines regularization methods for solving the inverse problem in
This document is Leitao Chen's PhD dissertation from the University of Pittsburgh submitted in 2016. It develops a finite volume discrete Boltzmann method (FVDBM) platform on a cell-centered triangular unstructured mesh for computational fluid dynamics simulations. The FVDBM solver consists of three parts: the triangular mesh generation, the FVDBM solver, and a boundary treatment method. Key contributions include developing flux schemes on the unstructured mesh, analyzing their accuracy and stability, and a unique three-step boundary treatment that can realize various physical boundary conditions on complex geometries. The method is validated through numerical tests of benchmark flows.
This document presents a project that examines using frequency response as an objective measurement for assessing the performance of cochlear implant microphones in uncontrolled environments. Tests were conducted using an Advanced Bionics Nada cochlear implant in different environments, with variations in microphone position, distance from speaker, ambient noise levels, and speaker used. The results showed high repeatability of the tests across environments, but variability increased when the microphone position changed or noise levels were high. Frequency response can still provide an overview of a cochlear implant microphone's performance in a user's home.
This document describes a research project aimed at extracting the cortical surface and separating the hemispheres in MRI datasets using 3D image segmentation techniques. For cortical surface extraction, a conditional dilation approach is used to "open" closed cavities in the segmented cortex to obtain a surface with hollow sphere topology. For hemisphere separation, marker volumes are defined and dilated to grow segmentation masks for each hemisphere, addressing challenges like marker volumes growing into each other. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approaches.
Coulomb gas formalism in conformal field theoryMatthew Geleta
This thesis examines the Coulomb gas formalism in conformal field theory. It begins by developing the Coulomb gas formalism starting from a bosonic string theory. Some applications in statistical field theory are demonstrated by constructing minimal model conformal field theories and relating these to critical lattice models like the Ising model. The Coulomb gas formalism is then used to analytically compute primary three-point constants and operator product expansion coefficients for the minimal conformal field theories. Comparisons are made to results from other techniques like bosonization of the free fermion conformal field theory. The main original contribution is conjecturing and verifying a connection between the Coulomb gas formalism and the monodromy theory of certain Fuchsian
This document describes the development of a phase contrast imaging simulator in GATE (Gate Application Toolkit for Emission Tomography). The implementation includes Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray attenuation and an analytical model for Fresnel diffraction. The program was written in C++ and validated through simulations comparing results to theoretical values and real x-ray images. Limitations of the current implementation are discussed along with potential solutions.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Austin A. Kana in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Doctor of Philosophy in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering at the University of Michigan in 2016. The dissertation applies Monte Carlo simulations and eigenvalue spectral analysis to the ship-centric Markov decision process framework to enable decision insight for ship design problems involving uncertainty. It contains an introduction, literature review on decision making challenges in ship design, an explanation of the new methods and metrics developed, and two case studies applying the methods to problems involving emission regulations and ship egress analysis.
This document presents a search for the standard model Higgs boson using tau leptons detected by the CMS detector at the LHC. Background processes like Z→ττ decay, W+jets, and QCD are estimated. The Z→μμ and Z→ee channels are used to derive estimates for the Z→ττ process. No excess of tau pairs is observed above background predictions for Higgs masses from 115-140 GeV/c2, so upper limits are placed on the Higgs boson production cross section at 95% confidence level.
This thesis proposes a new interpolation-based method for linearly constrained convex optimization problems. The method generalizes Shepard's interpolation formula to handle linear constraints by projecting points to the constraint boundaries. The interpolation surface passes through objective function values at the boundary of the feasible region. Several descent methods like steepest descent, quasi-Newton, and Newton's method are explored to optimize the interpolation surface. The method is implemented in MATLAB and tested on problems up to 1000 dimensions, showing competitive performance with standard methods like log-barrier and active-set. Steepest descent appears most effective, with quasi-Newton and Newton's method not improving the number of iterations.
This document provides an introduction to wavelets and their applications. It includes chapters on the mathematical framework of wavelets, fast wavelet algorithms, common wavelet families, and designing wavelets. The chapters cover topics such as continuous and discrete wavelet transforms, orthonormal and biorthogonal wavelet bases, fast wavelet transforms, families like Daubechies and Meyer wavelets, and constructing new wavelets. Examples throughout illustrate wavelet analysis of signals and images.
Parallel Interference Cancellation in beyond 3G multi-user and multi-antenna ...David Sabater Dinter
In the present thesis, the concept for beyond 3G mobile radio systems is described. A service area concept is introduced in order to combat the performance limiting interferences present in the cellular mobile communication systems, with each service area consisting of a various simultaneously active mobile terminals, a number of fixed access points and a central unit per- forming signal processing. About uplink transmission, the main characteristic of this service area system is that with the aid of joint detection of the transmit signals from the mobile ter- minals performed at uplink transmission, all interferences between the simultaneously active mobile terminals using the same bandwidth is drastically reduced. Moreover the use of OFDM subcarrierwise in the described service area based system allows for intersymbol interference free communication and for simple equalization in the frequency domain.
Through this subcarrierwise equalization the service area based system is equivalent with a number of smaller parallel systems, a fact that affects in a reduced computational complexity in the case of optimum multiuser operating with the maximum likehood principle and subop- timum linear detector zero-forcing. In this thesis the parallel interference cancellation detector is introduced, according to which the multi access interference is iteratively reconstructed and subtracted from the received signal. Parallel interference cancellation detector is compared in terms of performance with suboptimum linear detector, due to the reduced computational com- plexity.
Using standardized COST 207 channel models, the performance of parallel interference can- cellation detector compared with suboptimum linear detector has been investigated for a frozen channel, with the same snapshot using the same parameters of the channel, as well as for a number of system loads. A fact that can be observed in simulations results is that parallel in- terference cancellation detectors could achieve the same performance with a reduction of the complexity as suboptimum linear detector zero-forcing in the case of no estimate refinement and with estimate refinement by hard quantization depending on the load system. With esti- mate refinement by soft quantization the performance of the parallel interference cancellation detector is improved, having better performance than zero-forcing detector in cases with nor- mal load. Moreover with the improvement raised in this thesis, in this normal system load, the performance is more improved. On the other hand in the case of full load system, the PIC detector can not substract all the multi access interference producing error flow, this thing is not too important taking in account that the fully loaded system case should not be never present.
This document summarizes a thesis by Ibrahim Samir Raad titled "Applying diversity to OFDM". The thesis proposes three applications of diversity to improve the performance of OFDM systems in terms of bit error rate. First, it proposes a new spreading matrix called the Rotation Spreading matrix to introduce frequency diversity. Second, it employs time diversity using delaying the block symbols of Block Spread OFDM. Third, it presents Parallel Concatenated Spreading Matrices OFDM to employ coding gain and improve the performance of Block Spread OFDM. As a result of the work in this thesis, 15 international peer reviewed publications were achieved.
This document provides a summary of three key points:
1) The document is Sara Modarres Razavi's licentiate thesis on tracking area planning in cellular networks, which deals with planning and optimizing the configuration of tracking areas in LTE networks.
2) Tracking area design must be revised over time to adapt to changes in user equipment location and mobility patterns. The thesis presents an algorithm based on repeated local search to solve the problem of re-optimizing the initial tracking area planning.
3) By extending the research, the thesis considers the trade-off between signaling overhead performance and reconfiguration cost, modeling it as a bi-objective optimization problem. Both an integer programming model and a genetic algorithm
This document presents a study on extracting a heartbeat signal from speckle pattern analysis of light scattering off moving red blood cells. The author F.J. Brull conducted a thesis project using simulations of light scattering performed by previous students. Brull analyzed time series of properties like fractality, correlations, and speckle contrast of simulated speckle patterns to retrieve an artificially introduced periodicity meant to mimic a heartbeat. The analysis was done both in the time and frequency domains using techniques like the discrete Fourier transform. While the results did not allow direct retrieval of the heartbeat frequency due to limitations of the simulation, Brull concluded that with adjustments to parameters like camera size and particle density, retrieval may be possible based on previous experimental
Luận Văn Một Số Biện Pháp Nâng Cao Hiệu Quả Sử Dụng Nguồn Nhân Lực Tại Công Ty Tnhh Gas Petrolimex Hải Phòng, các bạn tham khảo thêm tại tài liệu, bài mẫu điểm cao tại luanvantot.com
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This document is the dissertation of Davi Correia submitted in 2006 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Computer Engineering. The dissertation proposes a higher-order perfectly matched layer (PML) that combines advantages of regular and complex frequency shifted PMLs. It applies the second-order PML to open-region, waveguide and periodic electromagnetic problems. Results show the second-order PML outperforms regular and CFS-PMLs and its performance is independent of simulation technique used. The dissertation contains 7 chapters presenting formulation, implementation and numerical results of the higher-order PML applied to various problems.
This document is the thesis of Alessandro Adamo submitted for a PhD in Mathematics and Statistics for Computational Sciences. The thesis proposes a new algorithm called LIMAPS (Lipschitzian Mappings for Sparse recovery) for solving underdetermined linear systems based on nonconvex Lipschitzian mappings. Chapter 1 provides theoretical foundations on sparse recovery and compressive sensing. Chapter 2 introduces LIMAPS and its iterative scheme for sparse representation and sparsity minimization. Chapters 3 and 4 apply LIMAPS to face recognition and ECG signal compression respectively, demonstrating its effectiveness on real-world applications.
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This thesis presents photometry of H2 emission features detected in the UWISH2 survey. The author developed a program to measure the area, location, mean, median and peak intensities of over 33,000 individual H2 features. Two methods of flux measurement were used: total flux photometry and median surface brightness times area photometry. The ratios of fluxes from the two methods showed good agreement for most feature types. Distributions of population, area and flux were analyzed for individual features and grouped features. The majority of H2 flux from jets and PDRs was found in the lower Galactic longitudes, indicating increased star formation activity there. The signal-to-noise ratio was also calculated for each feature, with a median
This thesis introduces an efficient radar transmitter enabled by supply modulation. It compares the theoretical behavior of Class-B and Class-A power amplifiers (PAs) under Gaussian envelope signals and validates this experimentally on a 10-GHz GaN MMIC PA. When driven by a Gaussian pulse with linear frequency modulation, the PA achieves 31% average efficiency over the pulse. To improve efficiency further, a resonant supply modulator is used, achieving 40% average PAE for the PA alone and reducing spectral emissions by 40 dB compared to a rectangular pulse with the same energy. The thesis also presents the design of an X-Band GaN Doherty MMIC PA for a variable power radar with over 40% PAE from 30-35
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This thesis investigates novel numerical procedures for limit analysis of structures using meshfree methods and mathematical programming. A kinematic limit analysis formulation is developed using the Element-Free Galerkin (EFG) method and second-order cone programming (SOCP). An adaptive EFG scheme is also developed using error estimation. Additionally, an equilibrium formulation is presented using a meshfree moving least squares approximation of moment fields and SOCP. Numerical examples involving plates and slabs demonstrate the formulations. The research aims to develop efficient and robust computational tools for engineering limit analysis applications.
This document is a PhD thesis submitted by Domenico Schiavulli to the University of Naples Parthenope in March 2015. The thesis examines the use of Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) for marine and maritime applications. It provides an overview of GNSS systems including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, and IRNSS. It also presents modeling and simulation of GNSS-R, including bistatic scattering models, simulators to generate delay-Doppler maps from sea surface reflections, and the use of GNSS-R for remote sensing applications such as radar image reconstruction. The thesis examines regularization methods for solving the inverse problem in
This document is Leitao Chen's PhD dissertation from the University of Pittsburgh submitted in 2016. It develops a finite volume discrete Boltzmann method (FVDBM) platform on a cell-centered triangular unstructured mesh for computational fluid dynamics simulations. The FVDBM solver consists of three parts: the triangular mesh generation, the FVDBM solver, and a boundary treatment method. Key contributions include developing flux schemes on the unstructured mesh, analyzing their accuracy and stability, and a unique three-step boundary treatment that can realize various physical boundary conditions on complex geometries. The method is validated through numerical tests of benchmark flows.
This document presents a project that examines using frequency response as an objective measurement for assessing the performance of cochlear implant microphones in uncontrolled environments. Tests were conducted using an Advanced Bionics Nada cochlear implant in different environments, with variations in microphone position, distance from speaker, ambient noise levels, and speaker used. The results showed high repeatability of the tests across environments, but variability increased when the microphone position changed or noise levels were high. Frequency response can still provide an overview of a cochlear implant microphone's performance in a user's home.
This document describes a research project aimed at extracting the cortical surface and separating the hemispheres in MRI datasets using 3D image segmentation techniques. For cortical surface extraction, a conditional dilation approach is used to "open" closed cavities in the segmented cortex to obtain a surface with hollow sphere topology. For hemisphere separation, marker volumes are defined and dilated to grow segmentation masks for each hemisphere, addressing challenges like marker volumes growing into each other. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approaches.
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This thesis examines the Coulomb gas formalism in conformal field theory. It begins by developing the Coulomb gas formalism starting from a bosonic string theory. Some applications in statistical field theory are demonstrated by constructing minimal model conformal field theories and relating these to critical lattice models like the Ising model. The Coulomb gas formalism is then used to analytically compute primary three-point constants and operator product expansion coefficients for the minimal conformal field theories. Comparisons are made to results from other techniques like bosonization of the free fermion conformal field theory. The main original contribution is conjecturing and verifying a connection between the Coulomb gas formalism and the monodromy theory of certain Fuchsian
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This document presents a search for the standard model Higgs boson using tau leptons detected by the CMS detector at the LHC. Background processes like Z→ττ decay, W+jets, and QCD are estimated. The Z→μμ and Z→ee channels are used to derive estimates for the Z→ττ process. No excess of tau pairs is observed above background predictions for Higgs masses from 115-140 GeV/c2, so upper limits are placed on the Higgs boson production cross section at 95% confidence level.
This thesis proposes a new interpolation-based method for linearly constrained convex optimization problems. The method generalizes Shepard's interpolation formula to handle linear constraints by projecting points to the constraint boundaries. The interpolation surface passes through objective function values at the boundary of the feasible region. Several descent methods like steepest descent, quasi-Newton, and Newton's method are explored to optimize the interpolation surface. The method is implemented in MATLAB and tested on problems up to 1000 dimensions, showing competitive performance with standard methods like log-barrier and active-set. Steepest descent appears most effective, with quasi-Newton and Newton's method not improving the number of iterations.
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Parallel Interference Cancellation in beyond 3G multi-user and multi-antenna ...David Sabater Dinter
In the present thesis, the concept for beyond 3G mobile radio systems is described. A service area concept is introduced in order to combat the performance limiting interferences present in the cellular mobile communication systems, with each service area consisting of a various simultaneously active mobile terminals, a number of fixed access points and a central unit per- forming signal processing. About uplink transmission, the main characteristic of this service area system is that with the aid of joint detection of the transmit signals from the mobile ter- minals performed at uplink transmission, all interferences between the simultaneously active mobile terminals using the same bandwidth is drastically reduced. Moreover the use of OFDM subcarrierwise in the described service area based system allows for intersymbol interference free communication and for simple equalization in the frequency domain.
Through this subcarrierwise equalization the service area based system is equivalent with a number of smaller parallel systems, a fact that affects in a reduced computational complexity in the case of optimum multiuser operating with the maximum likehood principle and subop- timum linear detector zero-forcing. In this thesis the parallel interference cancellation detector is introduced, according to which the multi access interference is iteratively reconstructed and subtracted from the received signal. Parallel interference cancellation detector is compared in terms of performance with suboptimum linear detector, due to the reduced computational com- plexity.
Using standardized COST 207 channel models, the performance of parallel interference can- cellation detector compared with suboptimum linear detector has been investigated for a frozen channel, with the same snapshot using the same parameters of the channel, as well as for a number of system loads. A fact that can be observed in simulations results is that parallel in- terference cancellation detectors could achieve the same performance with a reduction of the complexity as suboptimum linear detector zero-forcing in the case of no estimate refinement and with estimate refinement by hard quantization depending on the load system. With esti- mate refinement by soft quantization the performance of the parallel interference cancellation detector is improved, having better performance than zero-forcing detector in cases with nor- mal load. Moreover with the improvement raised in this thesis, in this normal system load, the performance is more improved. On the other hand in the case of full load system, the PIC detector can not substract all the multi access interference producing error flow, this thing is not too important taking in account that the fully loaded system case should not be never present.
This document summarizes a thesis by Ibrahim Samir Raad titled "Applying diversity to OFDM". The thesis proposes three applications of diversity to improve the performance of OFDM systems in terms of bit error rate. First, it proposes a new spreading matrix called the Rotation Spreading matrix to introduce frequency diversity. Second, it employs time diversity using delaying the block symbols of Block Spread OFDM. Third, it presents Parallel Concatenated Spreading Matrices OFDM to employ coding gain and improve the performance of Block Spread OFDM. As a result of the work in this thesis, 15 international peer reviewed publications were achieved.
This document provides a summary of three key points:
1) The document is Sara Modarres Razavi's licentiate thesis on tracking area planning in cellular networks, which deals with planning and optimizing the configuration of tracking areas in LTE networks.
2) Tracking area design must be revised over time to adapt to changes in user equipment location and mobility patterns. The thesis presents an algorithm based on repeated local search to solve the problem of re-optimizing the initial tracking area planning.
3) By extending the research, the thesis considers the trade-off between signaling overhead performance and reconfiguration cost, modeling it as a bi-objective optimization problem. Both an integer programming model and a genetic algorithm
This document presents a study on extracting a heartbeat signal from speckle pattern analysis of light scattering off moving red blood cells. The author F.J. Brull conducted a thesis project using simulations of light scattering performed by previous students. Brull analyzed time series of properties like fractality, correlations, and speckle contrast of simulated speckle patterns to retrieve an artificially introduced periodicity meant to mimic a heartbeat. The analysis was done both in the time and frequency domains using techniques like the discrete Fourier transform. While the results did not allow direct retrieval of the heartbeat frequency due to limitations of the simulation, Brull concluded that with adjustments to parameters like camera size and particle density, retrieval may be possible based on previous experimental
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Master In Information And Communication Technology.doc
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FINAL REPORT
MASTER IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
By
Thai Ba Chien
Intake 2011-2013
Project:
Monogenic Wavelet Transform: Extension to Multispectral
Signal
Supervisor: Prof. David Helbert
Co-supervisor: Prof. Philippe Carre´
Lab Xlim/SIC, University of Poitiers, France
Tutor: Prof. Vincent Charvillat
University of Toulouse, France
Hanoi, September 2013
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ii
Abstract
This report develops a monogenic wavelet transform (MWT) with extension to multispectral sig-nals as a
new multiscale analysis tool for geometric image features. Monogenic wavelets offer a geometric
representation of grayscale images through an AM/FM model allowing invariance of coefficients to
translations and rotations. The underlying concept of local phase includes a fine contour analysis into a
coherent unified framework. Starting from a link with structure tensors, the XLIM-Icones team proposes
a non-trivial extension of the monogenic framework to vector-valued signals to carry out a non-marginal
color monogenic wavelet transform. They also give a practical study of this new wavelet transform in the
contexts of sparse representations and invariant analy-sis, which helps to understand the physical
interpretation of coefficients and validates the interest of our theoretical construction. A rich feature set
can be extracted from the structure multivec-tor, which contains measures for local amplitude, the local
orientation, and local phases. Both, the monogenic wavelet transform and the structure multivector are
combined with an appropriate scale-space approach, resulting in multi-hyperspectral images.
USTH ICT MM 2011-2013 T.B.C USTHICT012-004 Xlim/SIC 9-2013 FR
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iii
Acknowledgements
My sincere thanks to Prof. David Helbert for his valuable insights and for guidlines through the
interesting fields of computer vision and image world. He allowed me to work as independently as was
necessary to obtain substantially new results. Without the countless scientific intuition, I would not have
been able to develop the presented ideas and to write this report as it is. He supported me whenever it was
necessary.
My sincere thanks to Prof. Philippe Carre´ for the popular publications and articles, that are con-tained
the background related to the currently topic proposal.
My sincere thanks to Prof. Vincent Charvillat, a representative tutor from University of Toulouse, for
being part of the thesis committee; to Prof. Remy´ Mullot, a chairman of ICT department, for taking in
charge of the committee; to my friends for their help in preparation for my defense; and last but not the
least, to my family for their supports.
USTH ICT MM 2011-2013 T.B.C USTHICT012-004 Xlim/SIC 9-2013 FR
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iv
Always remind me: Internship topic proposal
Context: In the XLIM-Icones team, they have developed different approaches to the introduction of a
color monogenic wavelet transform. Monogenic wavelets offer a geometric representation of grayscale
images through an AM/FM model allowing invariance of coefficients to translations and rotations. This
yields an efficient representation of geometric structures in grayscale/color images thanks to a local phase
carrying geometric information complementary to an amplitude envelope having good invariance
properties. So it codes the signal in a more coherent way than standard wavelets.
Objectives: Wavelet based color or multispectral image processing schemes have mostly been made by
using a grayscale tool separately on each channel.
In this subject, we propose to discuss definitions that consider a vector image right at the begin-ning of
the mathematical definition.
After a general study of the background of monogenic concept, the student must study a first approach
built from the grayscale monogenic wavelets together with a multiband extension of the monogenic
signal based on geometric algebra.
Then, starting from a link with structure tensors, the student will build an alternative non-trivial
extension of the monogenic framework to vector-valued signals. The crucial point is that the pro-posed
multispectral monogenic wavelet transform must be non-marginal as well as it inherits the coherent
geometric analysis from the monogenic framework.
Finally, the student must address the numerical aspect by introducing an innovative scheme that uses for
example a discrete Radon transform based on discrete geometry (as for the color scheme).
Used Methods and Techniques: Wavelet decomposition, Monogenic concept, Mathematic for the
signal, Radon transform, Differential geometry, Numerical aspect of the mathematical decom-position of
image.
USTH ICT MM 2011-2013 T.B.C USTHICT012-004 Xlim/SIC 9-2013 FR
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List of Special Notations
• 2D coordinates in bold, x, u ∈ R2
x = [x y]⊤
in the spatial domain,
u = [u v]⊤
in the frequency domain
• Euclidean norm: x = x2
+ y2
• Complex imaginary numbers: i, j, k i2
= j2
= k2
= −1
• Real part: ℜ, Re
• Imaginary part: ℑ, Im
• Argument of a complex number: arg
• Complex number: z = ℜ {z} + iℑ {z} = |z| ei ARG{z}
• Quaternion number: q = q0 + q1i + q2j + q3k
• Quaternion parts: R,I,J,K
• Convolution symbol: ∗
• Hilbert transform: H
• Hilbert transform output:Hf result of the transformation in the spatial domain
• Riesz transform:
• Analytic signal:
R
fA
• Riesz transform output:Rf result of the transformation in the spatial domain
• Riesz parts: f1 and f2 in the spatial domain
• Monogenic signal: fM
• Fourier transform: F
• Quaternion Fourier transform: Fq
F ˆ ˆ
• Fourier transform: f ←→ f = F {f } means that f is the Fourier transform of f
• Hat on a symbol:
ˆ
f result of the transformation in the frequency domain
+∞ if t = 0
• Dirac delta function: δ(t) =
0 if t = 0
• Isotropic polyharmonic B-spline:βγ
• Gradient: ∇ f =
∂f ∂f ⊤
= [fx fy ]
⊤
∂x ∂y
=
∂f
∂x + i
∂f
∂y = fx + ify
• Laplacian: Δf = ∂
2
f
+∂
2
f
= fxx + fyy
2 2
∂x ∂y
• Radon transform output:Dρ,θ result of the transformation in the spatial domain
• Spectral axis, vector:
→
Its modul |µ| = 1 and µ
2
= −1
µ, µ
• Gradient norm: N
• Gradient direction: θ+
• Subband of multispectral signals: fj
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List of Figures
2.1 Spectrum of two cases FT and HT of the input signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Analytic signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Spectrum of the analytic signal from the FT and HT cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4 Highlight the split of identity AM/FM representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5 Relationship between phase and local shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.6 a) 4 different cosinuses (top), f (t) = sum of four different cosinuses (bottom), and
b) Hilbert transform of 4 different cosinuses (top), Hf (t) = sum of four HTs (bottom) 8
2.7 c) Modulus A(t) (top), phase ϕ(t) (bottom), and d) Relationship between the signal
f (t) and the phase of analytic signal ϕ(t) in geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.8 Fourier and his characteristics of amplitude and phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.9 Hilbert and his characteristics of amplitude and phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.10 New Hilbert = Fourier amplitude + Hilbert phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.11 New Fourier = Hilbert amplitude + Fourier phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.12 A quaternion q and Geometric transformations with quaternion . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.13 Marginal and vectorial methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.14 Angle-doubling technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.15 From left to right: 3 cases of base functions (u = 4, v = 0; u = 0, v = 5; and u = 4,
v = 5); An input image; and Fourier transform output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.16 To see 2D rotation invariance, from left to right: An input image 1, Fourier transform
output 1, Another input image 2, and Fourier transform output 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.17 Decomposing an image into its symmetries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.18 Comparing base functions between Fourier transform and Quaternion Fourier trans-
form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.19 1D Gabor filter: a) real part R, b) imaginary part I; 2D Gabor filter: c) real part R,
and d) imaginary part I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.20 Quaternionic Gabor filter, from left to right: R, I, J and K parts . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.21 Sangwine edge detector scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.22 Spectral base functions for spectral axis µ = i+j+k with u = ±2 and v = ±2: a) Q ;
√ i
3
b) Qj ; c) Qk; d) Qi and Qj ; e) Qi and Qk; f) Qj and Qk; g) Qi, Qj and Qk . . . . . 20
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2.23 Spectral base functions for spectral axis µyellow =
i+j
: a) u = ±2, v = ±2, Qi, Qj ;
√ 2
b) u = ±4, v = ±4, Qi, Qj ; c) u = 0, v = ±2, Qi, Qj ; and d) u = ±2, v = 0, Qi, Qj 20
3.1 From left to right: An input image f , and 2 Riesz parts f1 and f2 . . . ....... 22
3.2 Monogenic signal, from left to right: Riesz order N=1, and Generalized Nth-order . 23
3.3 Diagram for computing the monogenic signals . . . . .......... ....... 24
3.4 Basic processes for Monogenic Wavelet Transform . .......... ....... 25
3.5 MWT of image body with scale i=0,-1,-2,-3 from left to right: Original image, Ampli-
tude A, Local phase ϕ, and Local orientation θ (absolute value for visual convenience) 26
4.1 From left to right: A hyperspectral image, and Scope of electromagnetic spectrum 28
4.2 From left to right: Spectral channels, and Spectral classes . . . . . . . ....... 29
4.3 a) Reciprocial relationship of 2 coordinates, b) An image with a trace, and c) Its
Radon transform at θ = π/9 and θ = π/3 . . . . . . . .......... ....... 30
4.4 From left to right: Output of Radon transform of the image, An input image, Its result 30
4.5 From left to right: Gradients fx, fy , Gradient norm N , and Gradient direction θ+ . . 32
4.6 Preserves the direction of vectors parallel to µ . . . . .......... ....... 32
4.7 From left to right: High-pass filter, and Low-pass filter .......... ....... 36
4.8 From left to right: Colored image (from 3 bands), and 3 bands f10 , f15 , f20 ..... 38
4.9 Spectral axes: a) µ, and b) µ3f j for 3 bands f
10
, f
15
, f
20........
....... 39
→ →
4.10 Spectral axis for 3 bands f
10
, f
15
, f
20
, from left to right: Spectral axis µ 3f j and 2
→
phase-angles α1 and α2 . . . . . . . ..... . . . . .......... ....... 40
4.11 Spectral monogenic signal for 3 bands f10 , f15 , f20 , from left to right: Amplitude A,
→
Local phase ϕ2, and Spectral axis µ 3fj . . . . . . . . .......... ....... 41
5.1 a) Riesz norm, b) Proposed monogenic signal for each scale i . . . . . ....... 43
5.2 Proposed MWT of the multispectral image with scale i=0,-1,-2,-3: a) Input image
with 3 bands f10 , f15 , f20 , b) Amplitude A, c) Local phase ϕ2, d) Gradient direction
→
θ+, e) Spectral axis µ, f) Phase-angle α1, and g) Phase-angle α2 . . . ....... 44
5.3 Proposed MWT of the multispectral image 6 bands f5 , f10 , f15 , f20 , f25 , f30 with
scale i=0,-1,-2,-3: a) Amplitude A, b) Local phase ϕ2, c) Gradient direction θ+, d)
Gradient norm N . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . .......... ....... 45
5.4 Proposed MWT of the multispectral image 10 bands f3 , f6 , f9 , f12 , f15 , f18 , f21 ,
f24 , f27, f30 with scale i=0,-1,-2,-3: a) Amplitude A, b) Local phase ϕ2, c) Gradient
direction θ+, d) Gradient norm N . . ..... . . . . .......... ....... 45
5.5 Proposed MWT of the multispectral image 31 bands f1 ,... fj ,... f31 with scale i=0,-
1,-2,-3: a) Amplitude A, b) Local phase ϕ2, c) Gradient direction θ+, d) Gradient
norm N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . .......... ....... 46
5.6 Relationship between phase ϕ2 and local shape . . .......... ....... 46
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6.1 Reading of the coefficients for coder/decoder a) Zig-zag DCT coefficients, b) Input
image, and c) Zero-tree MWT coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.2 Monogenic wavelet compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.3 a) The ratio of the amplitude-weighted sum of phasors (the red arrow) to the sum of
amplitudes (the green arrow) is a measure of congruency, and b) Congruent phase
for a step function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.4 Calculation of phase congruency from convolution of the signal with quadrature
pairs of filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.5 a) Original image, b) Sobel method, c) Canny method, d) MWT method . . . . . . 52
6.6 a) An orginal image, b) Noisy band (σ = 20) of multispectral Landsat image, c)
Denoised band of multispectral Landsat image thresholding wavelet coefficients
(MSE = 259), d) Thresholding sum of interband products (MSE = 195) . . . . . . . 53
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Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Terms and Motivation
Considering continuous signal processing, it is desirable to have tools suitable for audio-visual data
thanks in part to their ability to model human perception. For several years, the large topic of defining
visually relevant 2D tools gave rise to various geometric wavelet transforms designed to be local in space,
direction and frequency. In parallel, the 2D phase concept has gained much interest with new definitions
for low-level vision and wavelet representations.
Research around phase concept began in the late 40’s with the analytic signal giving the 1D in-
stantaneous phase by using a Hilbert transform. This tool is classical in 1D signal processing. In 2D, the
Fourier phase is the first known 2D phase concept, and it has been shown to carry important visual
information. Afterwards, study of phase congruency proved that the phase can provide meaningful
edge detection being invariant to intensity changes. A direct link between lo-cal phase and geometric
shape of analyzed signal has been clearly established. In optics, image demodulation consists of building
a 2D AM/FM model by extracting local amplitude and frequency (derivative of the phase) which in turn
appears useful for texture segmentation.
The monogenic signal proposed by M. Felsberg is the unifying framework that generalizes the analytic
signal carrying out the 2D AM/FM model. As well as 2D Fourier atoms are plane waves defined by a 1D
sinusoid and an orientation, the most natural 2D phase is basically a 1D phase with a local orientation.
The Riesz transform is the key building block to define it - as the proper 2D generalization of the Hilbert
transform. Any image is viewed like local plane waves at different scales, with smoothly varying
amplitude, phase, frequency and orientation. Because the phase concept is meaningful only for
narrowband signals, it clearly has to go hand in hand with some multiscale decomposition such as a
wavelet transform in order to analyze any class of signal. Among recent propositions of monogenic
wavelets, we focus on this since it is tied to a minimally
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1.2. STRUCTURE OF REPORT 2
redundant perfect reconstruction filterbank. As we will see, monogenic wavelet coefficients have a
directly physical meaning of local 2D geometry.
Differential approaches have a favorable algebraic framework to clearly define true vector tools through
the vector structure tensor, popularized by Di Zenzo in 1986. These methods are based on estimation of
image’s gradient and rely on the assumption that resolution is sufficient. Such methods yield remarkable
geometric analysis and structure preserving regularization of color im-ages. We consider the structure
tensor based geometric analysis that is intrinsic to the monogenic framework.
It is defined a physical interpretation driven spectral extension of the grayscale monogenic wavelet
transform by Unser et al. A few different approaches to wavelet analysis of multi-valued images may be
retained in the literature. A vector-lifting scheme is proposed for compression purpose, as well as
wavelets within the triplet algebra, but these separable schemes do not feature any geometric analysis, in
contrast to our non-separable approach allowing isotropy and rotation in-variance. The multiwavelet
framework yields generalized orthogonal filterbanks for multi-valued signals but seems still limited to
non-redundantly sampled filterbanks. The connection with mono-genic analysis is not yet apparently
contrary to wavelet frames. We have found a quaternionic filterbank for color images based on the
quaternion color Fourier transform; we have observed that the quaternion formalism sometimes impedes
for properly physical interpretation of the data. The present contribution is a new step in process of works
trying to propose a physical/signal form for multispectral images. This report will start with the recent
definitions around the an-alytic/monogenic concepts. Then it will consist in proposing new definitions of
spectral ana-lytic/monogenic signal. Finally, the non-marginal spectral monogenic wavelet transform
will be defined together with a practical study of the interpretation and use of wavelet coefficients.
1.2 Structure of Report
Chapter 2: It is proposed to discuss features of signal, a split of identity AM/FM representation,
preparation for directional Hilbert analysis, a vector image right and hypercomplex filtering for
multispectral signals at the beginning of the mathematical definition
Chapter 3: Preparation starts with grayscale monogenic wavelet transforms. Frequently images contain
variability in many orientations associated with different components and the MWT com-plements the
orientation scales allow us to isolate individual components and their directionality with a high-
decomposition in orientation. The concept of transform phase and amplitude are clar-ified. A simple form
for the magnitude and orientation of the isotropic transform coefficients of a unidirectional signal is
derived.
USTH ICT MM 2011-2013 T.B.C USTHICT012-004 Xlim/SIC 9-2013 FR