This document outlines the principles and techniques of massage therapy, detailing its physiological effects, types, and advantages, as well as methodological guidelines for practice. It emphasizes the importance of a clean environment, proper techniques such as stroking and kneading, and the therapeutic benefits of massage for various conditions. Additionally, contraindications and specific anatomy related to muscular function are discussed, highlighting the complexity and therapeutic potential of massage in healthcare.

1. Massage course
Teacher of the massage course - Abdyrakunova Gulbara Turdubaevna, Candidate
of Medical Sciences

2. Massage is a dosed mechanical effect on various
parts of the human body produced by the hands of a
massage therapist or special
devices. The word "massage" most likely comes from the
Greek. masso that means to squeeze, knead, knead,
stroke.
Using the labor of many scientists and doctors
massage has become an effective method of treatment,
recovery today
ability to work, relieve fatigue, used to stop and
prevention of diseases, healing of the body.

3. Physiological
effectofmassage
Improving blood circulation and lymph circulation, increasing body
temperature locally by 0.50
, stimulation of growth, increased elasticity of ligaments
apparatus, enhanced and increased muscle contractility,
improvement of skin elasticity and tightness, in general,
improvement - trophic
fabrics.
Massage can be general when mechanical consumption
cover the entire surface of the body, and placed (locally, separately),
with
which is massaged by a certain area of ​​the body. Massage
replenishment
can be divided into manual and hardware. Applying Manual Views
massage in the office with hardware offers options
combined massage.

4. Depending onthe
tasksand
purpose, massage
isdivided intothe
following types:
 medical,
 hygienic,
 cosmetic,
 sports,
 self-massage

5. Basicmassage
techniquesare:
 stroking,
 rubbing,
 kneading and
 vibration. Apart from
 basic techniques, there are various options for them.

6. Theeffectof
massageonthe
body
is based on a complex process,
due to neuro-reflex, humoral and mechanical
impact. The essence of the neuro-reflex mechanism is
that during massage, numerous and
four
a variety of nerve endings embedded in the skin, tendons, ligaments,
muscles, blood vessels and internal organs. The flow of impulses
that occurs when
this, reaches the central nervous system, modifies its activity,
manifested in
changes in the functional state of various body systems, its
reactivity and resistance to adverse environmental factors.

7. Theeffectof
massage onthe
body
2
Under the influence of massage in the tissues split
metabolic products. Being in the skin in a bound,
inactive state, they are under the influence of massage go
into a free
condition, absorbed into the blood and excreted from the
body.

8. Theeffectof
massage onthe
body
3
Massage also has a direct mechanical effect on
skin, muscles and other tissues, stimulates the movement of liquid
media in them,
changes their mechanical properties, nutrition and tone, functional
activity of tissues and organs. mechanical effect on the sympathetic
nerve fibers leads to the activation of the adaptive-trophic function
sympathetic nervous system, restoration of hormone excretion
adrenal glands, thyroid gland and ovaries. The latter stimulates
metabolic processes in the body, increases resistance and
activates it
immunogenesis

9. general
methodological
rulesofmassage.
(P1)
1. Massage should be carried out in a bright, spacious, clean and well
ventilated room with air temperature in the range of 22-24 ° C and relative
humidity not higher than 60%.
2. Cleanliness of the skin is the main hygienic requirement for carrying out
massage. It is desirable to do it after a hygienic shower. shower extremely
necessary in the summer, when sweating intensifies on the skin a lot of dust
and germs settle. With abundant hairline massage it is recommended to do
through sterile linen or sheet
3. The patient during the massage should be naked or in a clean
thin linen, preferably in silk. An indispensable condition for correct
massage - the maximum exposure of the massaged area.
4.To achieve the greatest effect, massage should be carried out.
with maximum muscle relaxation. Contributing to its achievement
average physiological position of the limbs during massage.
The comfortable position of the massaged part of the body is also
important..

10. general
methodological
rulesofmassage.
5. All massage techniques are performed along the lymphatic
pathways,
towards the near lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are not
massaged. Hands are massaged from the hand to the elbow joint,
and from it to the armpit; legs – from the foot to the knee joint, and
from the knee joint to the inguinal nodes; chest is massaged from
the middle to the sides to the armpits; back – from the spine to the
sides, lower back and sacral area are massaged to the inguinal
nodes; neck from the hairline down to the subclavian nodes

11. general
methodological
rulesofmassage.
6. In order to protect the skin during massage from excessive
irritation and enhance the massage effect, various
powders and lubricants are used. Of the powders, talc,
rice powder, baby powder are the most convenient.
Vegetable oils are used as lubricants, as well as special masking
creams. For herapeutic and sports massage
, rubbing agents and medicinal ointments are often used.

12. general
methodological
rulesof
massage.7
The massage procedure consists of introductory, main and
final sections. In the introductory section, the
massaged person is prepared for the main part of the
procedure with gentle techniques for 1-3 minutes. In
the main section, differentiated massage is carried out
according to its
purpose and the condition of the massaged. In the final part,
the
intensity of massage techniques is reduced for 1-3 minutes,
ending the procedure
by stroking the entire massaged area.

13. general
methodological
rulesofmassage.
8. Massage should not cause pain; after the massage there
should be a pleasant feeling of warmth in the massaged
area, improvement of well-being,
there may be a desire to sleep. The skin turns red, but it is
impossible to allow the appearance of spots, petechiae.
9. Massage is best done 1-2 hours after a non-abundant
meal. Before the procedure, the bladder and intestines
should be released.
10. After the massage, it is advisable to take a shower and
rest for 15 -30 minutes.

14. Musclesarethe
mainobjectof
massage
 The movement processes in the human
body are provided by the musculoskeletal
system

15. Itconsist
Passive part
1. Bones
2. Ligaments
3. joints
Active part
1. Muscles

16. Muscletissue
 Smooth Muscle tissue
 Striated Muscle tissue

17. Surfacemuscles

18. deepmuscles
 Muscles which lie closer to bone or internal organs are
called deep muscles

19. Whatdo
musclesdo?
 Muscles play a role in nearly every system and function of
the body. Different kinds of muscles help with:
 Breathing, speaking and swallowing.
 Digesting food and getting rid of waste.
 Moving, sitting still and standing up straight.
 Pumping blood through the heart and blood vessels.
 Pushing a baby through the birth canal as muscles in the
uterus contract and relax.
 Seeing and hearing.

20. cutaway
muscles

21. muscle
antagonists

22. shortened
muscles

23. Indicationsfor
Massage
 Pain
 Edema
 Muscle Spasm
 Trigger Points
 Insufficiencies of Circulation
 Contracted Tissues
 Specific or general Relaxation

24. Painful
Musculoskeletal
 Back pain
 General orthopedic conditions
 Post-operative conditions
 Fibromyalgia
 Degenerative joint conditions

25. Typesof Edema
 Local - Edema is confined to an area (ex. ligament sprain)
 Systemic Edema - Occurs throughout the body (ex.
Congestive Heart Failure)
 Lymphedema - Edema resulting from compromise of
lymphatic system, tends to be regional. (ex. Removal of
cancerous lymph nodes

26. MuscleSpasms
 Involuntary contraction due to inflammation, irritation
 Often are tissues that are gaurding other injured tissues

27. MuscleSpasm
Massage
Purpose
 Used to relax muscle spasms
 Help local blood flow.
 reduce pain associated with spasm
 Helps break the pain - spasm - pain cycle

28.  Techniques such as cupping, dry needling, and trigger
point massage have been found to be effective in
reducing plastic pain

29. Benefitsof
Massageand
Relaxation
 Relaxation is a nice side effect which can enable us to
carry out other treatments

30. Contraindicatio
ns
 When increased circulation is not desired
 Severe Distress (severe pain, febrile state)
 Contagious skin condition
 Over foreign bodies or sharp bony prominences
 Massage Too soon: Acute conditions
 Areas of decreased sensation
 Over Recent surgery
 Systemic Edema
 Areas of Active Bone growth
 Tuberculosis
 Pregnancy (over abdomen

31. Conditions where
increased
Circulation isnot
Desired
 Systemic Edeman - Occurs throughout the body (ex
Congestive Heart failure. If you push back too much fluid
it overwhelms the heart leading to more damage)
 Primary Lymphedema - Edema resulting from
compromise ot the lymphatic system
 Infections - May be spread by blood or by lymph (ex.
Osteomyelitis, Septic arthritis, dermatitis, cellulitis,
myositis
 Blood Clots - DVT mechanical stimulation can break
down clot and release to freely roam

32. Contraindication
forSevereDistress
 Do not perform massage on patient that has severe
distress or is in a febrile condition.
 Physically ill or Nauseated
 Is in severe pain
 Has a fever or a systemic process occuring

33. Theerector
spinae
muscles
 The erector spinae muscles comprise the intermediate layer of the deep
(intrinsic) muscles of the back.They extend on either side of the vertebral
column, between the base of the cranium superiorly and pelvis inferiorly..
The erector spinae are divided into three groups, from medial to lateral:
 Spinalis m
 Longissimus m
 Iliocostalis m
 The function of the spinal erectors are
1. Holds the head straight and tilts it back
Location
starts -lower neck (cervical vertebrae), upper thoracic vertebrae
Attaches-upper cervical vertebrae, base of skull and ribs

34. Eachgroup of
musclesinthe
thighhasa
different functions:
 Adductors: Allow you to bring the thighs toward each other, which is
called adduction. They help you stay balanced, keep the legs and
hips in alignment, and allow rotation through the hips and legs.
 Hamstrings: Allow you to extend (tilt) your hip to move your leg
behind your body, such as when you walk and put one leg behind
you. They also let you flex (bend) your knee, like when you squat.
 Pectineus: Enables you to flex and rotate the thigh at the hip joint. It
also helps stabilize the pelvis.
 Quadriceps: Allow you to flex your hip (for example, squatting or
sitting) or extend the knee (standing or reaching the leg straight in
front of you to take a step).
 Sartorius: Helps you flex and rotate the thigh from the hip joint. You
use it when you cross your legs to rest one ankle on the opposite leg.
Other examples include sitting cross-legged on the floor or bending
and rotating your leg to look at the bottom of your foot.

35. Location
 Adductors include five muscles: gracilis, obturator externus,
adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus.
They are on the inside of the thigh, starting at the pelvis and
extending to the femur (thigh bone).
 Hamstrings are a group of three muscles: semitendinosus,
semimembranosus and biceps femoris. They run down the
back of the thigh, from the hip to just below the knee.
 Pectineus is a flat muscle that extends from the front of the
pelvis to the top of the femur.
 Quadriceps include four large muscles located in the front of
the thigh: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius, and rectus femoris. They start at the pelvis (hip
bone) and femur (thigh bone) and extend down to the patella
(kneecap) and tibia (shin bone).
 Sartorius muscle is a long, thin muscle — the longest in the
human body. It starts by the hip and wraps across the front of
the thigh, then downward toward the knee

36. psoasmajor.
iliacus
 The psoas muscle is the main flexor of the hip joint. The
joint functions of psoas major and iliacus produce the
hipflexion towards the abdomen; bends the body forward
 Location-The psoas major's proximal (closest to the
head) attachment is on the sides of the bodies of the
vertebrae from T12 through L4.
 Attaches with the iliacus to the lesser trochanter of the
femur under the hip joint
 iliacus begins at the anterior part of the ilium.

37. hamstrings: biceps
femoris,
semitendinosus,
semimembranosus
 Biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior compartment
of the thigh, and lies in the posterolateral aspect. It arises
proximally by two 'heads', termed the 'long head'
(superficial) and the 'short head' (deep). It is part of the
hamstrings
 Function - bends the knee, raises the lower leg, rotates
the thigh inwards
They start: with two heads from the pelvis and femur
 Semitendinosus and semimembranosus -start from the
ischial tuberosity
Attached: biceps femur - head of the fibula.
Semitendinosus - tuberosity of the tibia; semimembranosus-
internal condyle of the tibia

38. calfmuscle
 Beginning - the inner and outer surfaces of the lower part
of the femur. soleus muscle m. begins with the proximal
ends of the tibia and fibula. The gastrocnemius and
soleus muscles constrict and merge at the base of the
gastrocnemius muscle.
 The tough connective tissue at the bottom of the
gastrocnemius fuses with the Achilles tendon. The
Achilles tendon attaches to the calcaneus (calcaneus).
 Functions-flexes the leg and foot

42. There are 3 wide palmar lines on the back. One line is
along the spine from the neck to the coccyx. Its width is
12-15 cm

43. BackShupoints
areusedprimarily
for
chronic
conditions. Back Shu points are called the Associated points, or Paravertebral
Reflex points. Points often are tender to
palpation when there is a disorder with
their associated organs. Spontaneous
pain indicates a disorder in the meridian.

44. Upper back massage indicated by 5 thick lines
1. paravertebral line runs from the base of the
neck to the middle of the back
2. the line goes around the inner edge of the
scapula
3. the line is located according to the spine of
the scapula
4 line
runs from the middle of the spine of the scapula
perpendicularly down
5 line runs along the upper edge of the
trapezius muscle

45. Tenderness with light palpation
indicates the meridian is deficient in energy and
hypofunction
of the associated organ. Treatment of these points
have a general calming effect

47. TheSmallIntestinemeridianisoneofthreeYang
meridiansonthearm.Beginning atacupointSI1on
thepinkyfinger,itpassesalongthebacksideofthe
arm,behindtheshoulder,crossesovertheshoulder
blade,andmovesuptothefacewhereitendsat
acupointSI19.BecauseofthelocationoftheSmall
Intestinemeridianandpoints,itisusedtosupportthe
healthoftheshoulderjoint.TheSmallIntestine
Meridianisusedtorelievepainintheintestinaltractand
toremoveexcessheat(suchasfever)fromthebody

49. thegallbladder
meridian runs
along thesidesof
thebody

50. General
techniques
 1 Thumb pressure
 2Palm pressure
 fist pressure
 3Kneading with one finger
 Pinching
 4 Pat
 Light touches on the head
 5 Stretch

51. Shiatsu
massagerules:
 1 The room must be at a comfortable temperature
 2 Shiata can be done on the floor or on a couch
 3. The clothes of the massage therapist should be loose
and made of natural fibers.
 4. Massage should be carried out no earlier than 2 hours
after eating
 5Movements should be smooth and slow.
 6 The impact should be at a right angle. this does not
cause pain to the muscles

52. Always use the thumb extended. … Do not bend the
thumb at the first joint”

82. Leg stretch