The document provides definitions and explanations of key marketing concepts from various experts and organizations. It discusses marketing management as understanding customer needs, environmental scanning, developing marketing plans and strategies, implementing plans, and setting control mechanisms. Marketing aims to make selling unnecessary by knowing customers so well that products sell themselves. The scope of marketing management includes decisions around distribution, sales promotion, advertising, after-sales service, customer research, products, and pricing.
Sales organization is a part of the total organization which is given the responsibility of selling of products manufactured by a company
It is another organization within the larger organization which is given the responsibility of selling function
It involves people working together for attaining the sales objectives of the company
It is concerned with planning, organizing, leading and controlling the activities of the sales force
Chapter 1 introduction to sales and distribution managementNishant Agrawal
To understand evolution, nature and importance of sales management
To know role and skills of modern sales managers
To understand types of sales managers
To learn objectives, strategies and tactics of sales management
To know emerging trends in sales management
To understand linkage between sales and distribution management.
Retail Management Notes, Basics of Retail Management, Classification of Retailers, Types of Retailers, Scope of Retailing, Functions of Retailers, Role of Retailers in Distribution Channel, Indian retailscape, organized and Unorganized Retailers,
Sales organization is a part of the total organization which is given the responsibility of selling of products manufactured by a company
It is another organization within the larger organization which is given the responsibility of selling function
It involves people working together for attaining the sales objectives of the company
It is concerned with planning, organizing, leading and controlling the activities of the sales force
Chapter 1 introduction to sales and distribution managementNishant Agrawal
To understand evolution, nature and importance of sales management
To know role and skills of modern sales managers
To understand types of sales managers
To learn objectives, strategies and tactics of sales management
To know emerging trends in sales management
To understand linkage between sales and distribution management.
Retail Management Notes, Basics of Retail Management, Classification of Retailers, Types of Retailers, Scope of Retailing, Functions of Retailers, Role of Retailers in Distribution Channel, Indian retailscape, organized and Unorganized Retailers,
The ppt covers the basics marketing principles given by Philip Kotler:
The importance of marketing
Core Marketing Concepts
Company Orientations
Segmentation-Targeting-Positioning
7p’s Framework
Marketing management, nature of marketing, importance of marketing, Evolution of marketing concept, Marketing environment, Micro environment of marketing, macro environment of marketing, Domestic marketing, international marketing, definition of marketing, definition of marketing management, marketing concepts, types of marketing, components of micro environment, components of macro environment, Calicut university MBA
Marketing psychology is the practice of aligning your content, communication, and strategies with the many predictable, often subconscious, human behavioral patterns that have been identified through experimentation and research.
Financial accounting is the process of recording, summarizing and reporting a company’s business transactions through financial statements. These statements are: the income statement, the balance sheet, the cash flow statement and the statement of retained earnings.
Here’s What We’ll Cover:
What Is the Difference Between Accounting and Financial Accounting?
What Are the Four Basic Financial Statements?
Why Is Financial Accounting Important?
NOTE: FreshBooks Support team members are not certified income tax or accounting professionals and cannot provide advice in these areas, outside of supporting questions about FreshBooks. If you need income tax advice please contact an accountant in your area.
What Is the Difference Between Accounting and Financial Accounting?
“Accounting” encompasses all of a company’s financial transactions. A well-managed accounting department will have set policies and procedures for expenses, data management and the generation of financial reports.
Financial accounting is concerned specifically with the generation of these reports, that they are based on accurate information and follow “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” (otherwise known as GAAP). GAAP sets accounting standards in the United States for a wide array of topics, including financial statement presentation.
What Are the 4 Basic Financial Statements?
The 4 basic financial statements used in financial accounting are the balance sheet, income statement (profit-and-loss statement), cash flow statement, and statement of owner’s equity.
Illustration: the 4 basic financial statements in accounting
The Balance Sheet
A balance sheet shows what a company owns (its “assets”) and owes (its “liabilities”) as of a particular date, along with its shareholders’ equity.
Assets can include:
Cash
Prepaid Expenses
Accounts Receivable
Notes Receivable (money owed to the company within 1 year)
Inventory
Investments (including real estate)
Buildings
Machinery and equipment
Vehicles
Intangible Assets (such as patents)
Liabilities can include:
Accounts Payable
Loans Payable
Notes Payable (money the company owes within 1 year)
Unearned Revenue (a product or service a client has paid for, but the company has not yet provided)
Deferred Tax
Current Taxes
Payroll (owed but not yet paid)
Warranty Obligations
Mortgages
Shareholders’ Equity can include:
Stocks (preferred and common stocks)
Retained Earnings (money to be invested back into the business)
Comprehensive Income (profit or loss in a company’s investments during a specific time period)
On a balance sheet, Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders’ Equity.
The Income Statement
An Income Statement is a company’s net income for a certain period of time. It is a company’s total revenue minus its total expenses.
You will also hear the income statement being referred to as the “Profit and Loss Statement”.
The Cash Flow Statement
The cash flow statement documents in detail all of a company’s income and debts over a specifi
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Managerial definition of Marketing: Marketing has often been described as “ the art of selling products”, but people are surprised when they hear that the most important part of marketing is not selling; selling is only the tip of marketing iceberg. Peter Drucker, a leading management theorist, puts it this way: “ There will always, one can assume, be need for some selling. But the aim of marketing is to make selling superfluous. The aim of marketing is to know and understand the customer so well that the product or service fits him and sells itself. Ideally, marketing should result in a customer who is ready to buy. All that should be needed then is to make the product or service available.
3. American Marketing Association defines marketing as: Marketing is a process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods & services and to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. Marketing management takes place when at least one party to a potential exchange thinks about the means of achieving desired responses from other parties. We see marketing management as the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering and communicating superior customer value.
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7. Horizons of Marketing to Non-Profit and social causes: Today business is not only confined to business firms. Rather, it has been also adopted by non-profit organizations for social causes also. We can see that Government of India has started using the marketing principles for propagating for causes like family planning, child care, immunization of children against diseases like tetanus, thyroid, polio, cholera and also child marriage and dowry. Cause Marketing: This is another area where marketing tools are used for promotion of social causes. In a country like India, where ignorance and illiteracy still continues to be high, it is critical that the marketer lends support to the Government to market these causes.
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10. 10) Supply Chain. 11) Competition: a) Brand Competition: b) Industry Competition: c) Form Competition: d) Generic Competition: 12) Marketing Environment: 1) Task Environment: 2) Broad Environment: a) Demographic Environment. b) Economic Environment. c) Natural Environment. d) Technological Environment. e) Political or Legal Environment. f) Social or Cultural Environment.
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21. According to General Electric (GE): “ The marketing manager is the most significant functional contributor to the strategic planning process, with leadership roles in defining the business mission; analysis of the environmental, competitive, and business situations; developing objectives, goals, and strategies; and defining product, market, distribution, and quality plans to implement the business’s strategies. This involvement extends to the development of programs and operating plans that are fully linked with the strategic plan.” STRATEGIC PLANNING: Most large companies consist of 4 organizational levels: 1) The Corporate Level:
22. Corporate headquarters is responsible for designing a corporate strategic plan to guide the whole enterprise. It makes decisions on amount of resources to allocate to each division as well as on which businesses to start or eliminate. 2) At Division Level: Each division establishes a division plan covering the allocation of funds to each business unit within the division. 3) At Business-Unit Level: Each business-unit develops a strategic plan to carry that business unit into a profitable future. 4) Product Level: Finally each product level (product line, brand) within a
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31. 2) Stars: The market leaders in a high-growth market. A star does not necessarily produce a positive cash flow for the company. The company must spend substantial funds to keep up with the high market growth, and to fight off competitors attack. 3) Cash Cows: Stars with a falling growth rate that still have the largest relative market share and produce a lot of cash for the company. The company does not have to finance expansion because the market’s growth rate has slowed. 4) Dogs: Businesses that have weak market shares in low-growth markets. The company should consider whether it is holding on to these businesses for good reasons.
41. Business Unit Strategic Planning: SWOT Analysis: External Environment Analysis (Opportunity and Threat) In general a business has to monitor key macro environment forces, and significant micro environment actors that affect the ability to earn profits. The business unit should setup a marketing intelligence system to track trends and important developments. For each trend or development, management needs to identify the associated opportunities and threats . The major purpose of environmental scanning is to adopt new marketing opportunities. A marketing opportunity is an area of buyer need or potential interest in which a company can perform profitably . Opportunities can take many forms and marketers have to be good in spotting them
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44. Internal Environment Analysis ( Strengths/Weaknesses) It is one thing to adopt attractive opportunities and another to be able to take advantage of these opportunities. Each business needs to evaluate its internal strengths and weaknesses. The company does not have to correct all its weaknesses, nor should it boast about all its strength. The big question is whether the business should limit itself to those opportunities where it possesses the required strength or whether it should consider better opportunities where it might have to acquire or develop certain strengths.
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46. 2) Objectives should be stated quantitatively whenever possible. 3) Goals should be realistic. They should arise from an analysis of the business unit’s opportunities and strengths, not from wishful thinking. 4) Objectives must be consistent. It is not possible to maximize both sales and profits simultaneously. Other important trade-offs include short-term profit versus long-term growth, deep penetration of existing markets versus developing new markets, profit goals versus nonprofit goals, and high growth versus low risk . Each choice in this set of trade-offs calls for a different marketing strategy.
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48. Operational Effectiveness and Strategy : According to Porter , firms pursuing the same strategy directed to the same target market constitute a strategic group. The firm that carries out that strategy best will make the most profits. Firms that do not pursue a clear strategy and try to be good on all strategic dimensions do the worst. Porter defines strategy as “the creation of a unique and valuable position involving a different set of activities.” A company can claim that it has a strategy when it “performs different activities from rivals or perform similar activities in different ways.” Porter's five forces : NEXT SLIDE
49. Porter's five forces analysis is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. It uses concepts developed in Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces which determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. Porter referred to these forces as the micro environment, to contrast it with the more general term macro environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of the forces normally requires a company to re-assess the marketplace. The overall industry attractiveness does not imply that every firm in the industry will return the same profitability. Firms are able to apply their core competences, business model or network to achieve a profit above the industry average.
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54. This five forces analysis is just one part of the complete Porter strategic models. The other elements are the value chain and the generic strategies.
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56. Program Formulation and Implementation: Once the business unit has developed its principle strategies, it must work out detailed supporting programmes. If the unit has decided to attain technological leadership, it must plan programmes to strengthen its R&D department, gather technological intelligence, develop leading-edge products, train the technical sales force, and develop ads to communicate its technological leadership. A great marketing strategy can be sabotaged by poor implementation. According to McKinsey & Company, strategy is only one of seven elements in successful business practice. McKinsey’s 7-S framework of business is:
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59. Feedback and Control: As it implements its strategy, the firm needs to track the results and monitor new developments. Some environments are fairly stable from year to year. Other environments evolve slowly in a fairly predictable way. Still other environments change rapidly in major and unpredictable ways. Nonetheless, the company can count on one thing: The marketplace will change; and when it does the company will need to review and revise its implementation , programmes, strategies or even objectives.