This document discusses markets and how they function. It explains that there are two main types of markets - wholesale markets where large quantities are sold at lower prices, and retail markets where smaller quantities are sold at higher prices. The price of goods increases at each level as sellers add costs. Markets can also influence wages and create economic inequality if not regulated. A democratic government aims to protect all citizens and has implemented policies like minimum wage, employment programs, and subsidized essentials to promote equality.

1. MARKET AROUND US

2. Introduction
 Market is a place having
shops selling
vegetables, clothes,stationery,
etc. Market can be defined as
a place where buyers and
sellers engage in the activity of
sale and purchase of goods.

3. Types of markets
 There are two types of markets-wholesale
markets and retail markets. A buyer can save a lot
of money by buying directly from a wholesale
market as the wholesaler buys directly from the
producers or the manufacturers. But they do not
sell small amounts. So a buyer has to buy bin
bulk. The retailer sells the goods in smaller
quantities/numbers but at a higher price as he
buys from the wholesaler and adds the cost of
transportation, investment of money, time, storage
charges and profit on the price of goods. If the
payment is not made right away and goods are
bought on credit, then the retailer further
increases his margin. Every city has wholesale
market from where the goods are supplied to the

4.  There is a difference in the price of goods
between the wholesale market and the retail
market. The more people involved in the
chain means additions in the cost of a
commo0dity at every level. The all have to
make profit at every level to pay for their
investment, manpower, premises, storing
facility, etc. the price of goods in a market is
determined by the factors like demand by the
buyers/consumers, supply by the
farmers/manufacturers, etc. the demand for a
good is defined as an amount of commodity
for which people are willing to pay and buy
supply of a good is the quantity that the
suppliers are willing to put in the market.
When the price of a good rises, the supply
also rises.

6. Markets and democracy
 Markets also determine the wages. A job
where there are many willing workers
(high supply) but only a small number of
positions (low demand) will result in a
low wage for that job. Competition
among workers tends ton lower the
wage. If any one worker demands a
higher wage, the employer can remove
him and simply hire another at a low
wage. Hence, we see that markets
create economic inequality, which refers
to inequality of economic assets and
incomes among individuals and groups
within a society. The term is also related
to inequality so opportunity.

7.  A democratic government is
committed to protect the interests of
all sections of the society. Otherwise
equality will b meaningless for them.
Our government has taken many
steps to protect the interests of the
people. The government has fixed
minimum wages so that the workers
are able to fulfill their basic
needs, besides opening employment
exchanges to register names of
unemployed candidates who desire
employment.

8.  The government ensures the distribution of
rice, wheat, sugar and kerosene at a
reasonable rate for the po0or under the
Public Distribution System (PDS). The
government also announces the support
price for the crops to safeguard the interest of
the farmers and save them from the
exploitation by the moneylenders, village
touts, wholesalers and retail giants. The
government also provides
electricity, irrigational facilities, technical
assistance, loan and insurance facilities at
subsidized rates. A democratic government
must provide opportunities to ensure
equitable distribution of goods, services as
well as sufficient income for all to eradicate
inequalities in the society.