Urban Livelihood. Learning Goals: Occupations in Cities; Permanent Job; Casual Workers; Daily Wage Earners;

1. CLASS-6/CIVICS
URBAN LIVELIHOOD
Prepared by:-
Pavan Kumar Sahu
KV.Brgarh(TGT-SOST)

2. INTRODUCTION
• There are more than five thousand towns and twenty seven big cities
in India.
→ Big cities like Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata etc. have more than
a million people living and working here.
• The main reason for the increase in number of towns is migration.
• Villagers move to cities because of better facilities such as water,
electricity, sanitation, education for children, employment
opportunities, etc.

3. Working on the Street
• In big cities streets are occupied by vegetable/fruit vendors, flower
sellers, newspaper vendors etc.
• Streets gets busy with buses, auto rickshaws.
• Large number of people work on the streets.
 They are self employed
 Decide themselves what to sell, how to sell and who to sell.
 Their shops are temporary.
 They can be asked to dismantle their shops any time by the police.
• Efforts are being made by many organizations and government to
ensure these people th right to earn their livelihood.
• Hawking zones have been suggested.
• Mobile vendors should also be allowed to move around freely.

4. IN THE MARKET
• There are almost one crore 'street vendors' in the
country working in urban areas.
• There are many people who own shops in various
markets of the city.
→ These shops may be small or large and they sell
different things.
• Most business-persons manage their own shops or
business.
→ They employ a number of other workers as
supervisors and helpers.

5. Businesspersons
• People own shops in various market of the city.
• Showrooms selling variety of products are common.
• There are several things needed to run showrooms.
• Advertising in news papers, television, radio, cinema
theaters, etc is done to popularize them.
• There are permanent shops that are given a license by
the municipal corporation to do business.
• Various other services like banks, courier, etc. are also
provided by the showrooms.

6. In the Factory-Workshop Area
• People employed in factories are mostly
casual workers (called to work and have to
leave according to the availability of work).
→ Casual workers have to work long hours
in poor conditions without job security and
other benefits.
• During the off season, the workers are
reduced.
• Such workers are called casual labourers.

7. In the office area
• Many workers in the city who work in offices,
factories, and government departments where
they are employed as regular and permanent
workers.
• They attend the same office or factory
regularly.
• They get a regular salary.
• Unlike casual workers they will not be asked to
leave if the factory does not have much work