The document discusses the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and how location data can be added to information to enable spatial analysis and mapping. It notes that while GIS tools are now widely available, in the past it was difficult to access map data and software. The document then introduces several web-based mapping and "mashup" tools that allow users to combine their own data with maps and other information without advanced programming skills. These include Google Maps API, Yahoo Pipes, Microsoft PopFly, and Google Mashup Editor.