I made this project in class 10. Make good use of it!

1. Restoring Mangrove
Ecosystem
Presented by:
Name: Rashmi Prakash Palai
Class: 10 B
Roll No.: 30
DAV RKL ONLINE HARIYALI 2021

2. INTRODUCTION
• A mangrove is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water.
• Mangrove covers an estimated 75 per cent of the tropical coastline worldwide.
• South and South-east Asia have the highest biodiversity of mangroves.
• Odisha has the highest diversity in mangrove species in India (101 species).
• Bhitarkanika mangroves is the second largest mangrove forest in India after Sundarbans.
• Bhitarkanika mangroves are among 37 Ramsar wetlands in India recognized under Ramsar convention
of 1971.

3. BIODIVERSITY IN MANGROVES
• Mangroves are habitats of 3091 faunal species, including globally threatened ones
• Mangrove forests cover about 0.65% of total forest area in india but contain 23.78% of marine species of
India.
• They are breeding and nesting locations for several commercially and ecologically important species
including Blue spotted Mudskipper, Giant tiger prawns, some species in pomphrets, etc.

4. Importance
of mangroves
Coastal
protection
Carbon
Sequestration
Water
purification
Habitat and
nursery
Timber and
plant
products
Mangroves can
assimilate carbon
dioxide 5 times
greater than tropical
rainforests.

5. IMPORTANCE OF MANGROVES
Coastal Protection:
• Create a natural barrier for dissipating wave energy.
• Protect the surrounding coastlines from erosion and flooding.
• Reduce the effect of cyclones and tsunamis.
Environment Protection:
• Slow water flow between their roots.
• This allows quick and stable sediment deposition.
• Act as sink for toxic heavy metals.

6. CARBON SEQUESTRATION
• Carbon sequestration is the process of longterm capture and storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide
• Mangroves can assimilate carbon dioxide 5 times greater than tropical rainforests and store them as
decomposed organic matter in sea bed
• Mangroves account for 14% of carbon sequestration by the global ocean.

7. MANGROVE RESTORATION
Mangrove
restoration
Adequate
sediment buildup
Introduction of
native species
Secondary
succession
Introduction of
seeds
(last resort)
Detached
breakwaters
Protect from
wave action

8. CONCLUSION
• Mangroves are essential components of marine ecosystems which are essential for survival of several
marine species and are essential parts of climate protection.
• They are threatened by several factors like rising sea levels, deforestation for prawn cultivation, etc.
• So, it is important to protect existing mangroves and restore destroyed mangrove ecosystems.
• But the traditional methods of restoration are not suitable in the long run as mangroves are highly
adapted to the environment conditions of a particular region and hence it is difficult to grow from scratch.

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Chatterjee, Badri (2019-07-29). “19 species use mangroves from Mumbai, Konkan for breeding: DNA
study”, Hindustan Times.
• Massel, S. R.; Furukawa, K.; Brinkman, R. M. (1999). "Surface wave propagation in mangrove
forests". Fluid Dynamics Research.
• Koenig, Christopher C; Coleman, Felicia; Eklund, Anne-Marie; Schull, Jennifer; Ueland, Jeff (April 2007).
"MANGROVES AS ESSENTIAL NURSERY HABITAT FOR GOLIATH GROUPER (EPINEPHELUS
ITAJARA)". Bulletin of Marine Science
• Spalding, Mark; Kainuma, Mami; Collins, Lorna (2010). World Atlas of Mangroves. London, UK:
Washington, DC: Earthscan.
• Seedo, Kholoud Abou; Abido, Mohammad S.; Salih, Ahmed A.; Abahussain, Asma(2017). " Assessing
Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Leaves and Sediments of Urban Mangroves (Avicennia
marina (Forsk.) Vierh.) in Bahrain". International Journal of Ecology.
• D.C. Donato, J.B. Kauffman, D. Murdiyarso, S. Kurnianto, M. Stidham, et al. (2011). Mangroves among
the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. Nat. Geosci