Everything related to Mandible is explained. From the Characteristics , surfaces , Ossification , the features , Nerves & Vessels and Relations of neck of mandible . In addition to the images explain .

1. Mandible
By:-
Dr: Omar Abdelsalam

2. Characteristics :-
• Has body + 2 rami
• Outer >>>> Convex
• Inner >>>> Concave
• Body :-
1. Upper border >>>> alveolar border
2. Lower border >>>> base of mandible
• Each ramus has outer and inner surface + 4 borders
• Upper border of ramus :-
1. Coronoid process anteriorly
2. Condylar process posteriorly

3. 1- Body :-
• 2 halves join each other
(symphysis menti) .
• Mandibular canal inside :-
1. Starts : mandibular
foramen in inner surface
of ramus
2. Ends : mental foramen
in external surface of
body
• Teeth socket : alveolar
border.

4. Outer surface of mandible :-
• In symphysis menti :-
1. Mental
protuberance
2. 2 tubercles
• Mental foramen : second pre-molar
tooth
• Anterior border of ramus + external
border of body = oblique line
• posterior border of ramus + lower
border of body = angle of mandible
• Digastric fossa : lower border of
mandible

5. Inner surface of mandible :-
• Mylohyoid line : below third
molar
• Fossa of submandibular
gland : below posterior part
of mylohyoid line
• Fossa of sublingual gland :
above anterior part of
mylohyoid line
• Genial tubercles : 4 slight
elevations ( 2 superior , 2
inferior )

6. 2- Ramus :-
• Upper end : 2 processes separated by
mandibular notch .
1. Anterior process :-
coronoid
2. Posterior process :-
condylar ( Head &
Neck )
• Inner surface :- mandibular foramen
>>> guard lingula
• Mylohyoid groove : begins behind
lingula
• Below groove : rough irregular area
>>>> insertion >>>> medial
pterygoid muscles

7. Ossification of mandible :-
• In Membrane
 direct conversion of mesenchyme to the bone
• Earlier than any bone EXCEPT clavicle ( ‫عظمة‬
‫)الترقوة‬ in sixth week uterine

8. Particular features of the mandible :-
1-Muscles attaches ramus :- (Insertion)
• Masseter >>>> lateral surface
• Medial pterygoid >>>> medial surface of the angle of
mandible.
• Temporalis >>>> coronoid process
• Lateral pterygoid >>>> pterygoid fovea

9. Particular features of the mandible :-
2- Muscles attaches body :- (Origins)
A- External surface
• Buccinator >>>> alveolar process
>>>> third molar
• Anterior belly digastric muscle
>>>> digastric fossa
• Platysma >>>> lower border of body

10. Particular features of the mandible :-
2- Muscles attaches body :- (Origins)
B- Internal surface
• Myelohyoid >>>> Myelohyoid line
• Genioglossus >>>> superior genial tubercle
• Geniohyoid >>>> inferior genial tubercle
• Pharynx >>>> small slip from posterior end of
Myelohyoid line

11. Nerves of mandible
1. Inferior alveolar nerve
• mandibular canal .
2. Nerve to Myelohyoid
• Myelohyoid groove .
3. Lingual nerve
• contact medial aspect socket third
molar .
4. Auriculo-temporal nerve
• medial to neck of mandible .
5. Nerve to Masseter
• passes laterally mandibular notch .

12. Vessels of mandible
1. Inferior alveolar Vessels
• mandibular canal .
2. Maxillary vessels
• medial to neck of mandible .
3. Facial artery
• crosses lower border of body of
mandible at antero-inferior
angle of masseter muscle .

13. Relations of neck of mandible
1
Anterior surface
Gives
attachment to
Digastric
Muscle (anterior
belly)muscle

14. 2
Posterior
surface
Related to
termination
of external
carotid
artery and
to parotid
gland

15. 3
Medial
surface
Related to
Auriculo-
temporal
nerve &
maxillary
vessels

16. 4
Lateral
surface
Gives
attachment to
temporo-
mandibular
ligaments and
covered by
parotid gland