Personality refers to characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. The document discusses several theories of personality, including Carl Jung's theory of personality types. Jung proposed that personality types are based on the direction of psychic energy as either introverted or extroverted, and the dominant mental functions of sensing, intuition, thinking or feeling. The document also discusses Katherine Briggs and Isabel Myers, who developed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality assessment based on Jung's theory of 16 personality types.

1. Personality
Individuals
9/5/2015 By: Masoud khojastehfar

2. What is personality?
The psychological qualities that influence an individual’s
characteristic behavior patterns, in a stable and
distinctive manner.
– Combines a set of physical and mental
characteristics that reflect how a person looks,
thinks, acts, and feels.
– Predictable relationships are expected between
people’s personalities and their behaviors
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3. personality
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Nature
or
nurture

4. Nomothetic Approach
• The term “nomothetic” comes from the Greek
word “nomos” meaning “law”. Psychologists
who adopt this approach are mainly
concerned with studying what we share with
others. That is to say in establishing laws or
generalizations.
9/5/2015 By: Masoud khojastehfar

5. Idiographic Approach
• The term “idiographic” comes from the Greek
word “idios” meaning “own” or “private”.
Psychologists interested in this aspect of
experience want to discover what makes each
of us unique.
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6. Types and Traits
• Types : is a descriptive label for a distinct pattern of
personality characteristics, such as introvert,
extrovert, neurotic
• Traits: is a relatively stable quality or attribute of an
individuals personality , influencing behavior in a
particular direction
•
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7. Sigmund freud (1856-1937)
personality theory
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9. Hippocrates’ type theory of
Personality(450-377BC)
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10. Hippocrates’ type theory of
Personality(450-377BC)
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11. William Sheldon(1898-1970)
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12. William Sheldon(1898-1970)
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13. • Carl Gustav Jung
• Psychiatrist
• Carl Gustav Jung, often referred to as just C. G. Jung, was a Swiss
psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology.
• Born: July 26, 1875, Kesswil, Switzerland
• Died: June 6, 1961, Küsnacht, Switzerland
• Spouse: Emma Jung (m. 1903–1955)
• Education: University of Basel, University of Zurich
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14. The introvert
• The introvert is most aware of his or her inner
world. While the external world is still
perceived, it is not pondered as seriously as
inward movement of psychic energy. The
introverted attitude is more concerned with
subjective appraisal and often gives more
consideration to fantasies and dreams.
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15. The extrovert
• The extrovert, by contrast, is characterized by
the outward movement of psychic energy. This
attitude places more importance on objectivity
and gains more influence from the
surrounding environment than by inner
cognitive processes.
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16. Feeling & Thinking
• feeling — is the method by which a person
understands the value of conscious activity.
Another function — thinking — allows a
person to understand the meanings of things.
This process relies on logic and careful mental
activity.
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17. sensation & intuition
• sensation and intuition — may seem very
similar, but there is an important distinction.
Sensation refers to the means by which a
person knows something exists and intuition is
knowing about something without conscious
understanding of where that knowledge
comes from.
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18. Carl Jung Theory
• Extroverted Thinking – Jung theorized that people understand
the world through a mix of concrete ideas and abstract ones,
but the abstract concepts are ones passed down from other
people. Extroverted thinkers are often found working in the
research sciences and mathematics.
• introverted Thinking – These individuals interpret stimuli in
the environment through a subjective and creative way. The
interpretations are informed by internal knowledge and
understanding. Philosophers and theoretical scientists are
often introverted thinking-oriented people.
9/5/2015 By: Masoud khojastehfar

19. Carl Jung Theory
• Extroverted Feeling – These people judge the value of things
based on objective fact. Comfortable in social situations, they
form their opinions based on socially accepted values and
majority beliefs. They are often found working in business and
politics.
• Introverted Feeling – These people make judgments based on
subjective ideas and on internally established beliefs.
Oftentimes they ignore prevailing attitudes and defy social
norms of thinking. Introverted feeling people thrive in careers
as art critics.
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20. Carl Jung Theory
• Extroverted Sensing – These people perceive the world as it
really exists. Their perceptions are not colored by any pre-
existing beliefs. Jobs that require objective review, like wine
tasters and proofreaders, are best filled by extroverted
sensing people.
• Introverted Sensing – These individuals interpret the world
through the lens of subjective attitudes and rarely see
something for only what it is. They make sense of the
environment by giving it meaning based on internal reflection.
Introverted sensing people often turn to various arts,
including portrait painting and classical music.
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21. Carl Jung Theory
• Extroverted Intuitive– These people prefer to understand the meanings of
things through subliminally perceived objective fact rather than incoming
sensory information. They rely on hunches and often disregard what they
perceive directly from their senses. Inventors that come upon their
invention via a stroke of insight and some religious reformers are
characterized by the extraverted intuitive type.
• introverted Intuitive – These individuals, Jung thought, are profoundly
influenced by their internal motivations even though they do not
completely understand them. They find meaning through unconscious,
subjective ideas about the world. Introverted intuitive people comprise a
significant portion of mystics, surrealistic artists, and religious fanatics.
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22. Developed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
(MBTI).
Based on Jung Theory they established 16
Personality type
Still widely used across a range of organizational
contexts
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Katherine Briggs and Isabel Mayers

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