This document discusses the Islamic concept of management. It states that Islam provides a complete way of life that guides how to act and behave in all aspects of life. It explains several principles of management that are derived from Islamic teachings in the Quran and hadith, including efficient use of resources, joint consultation, equal opportunities, motivation, and optimal capacity utilization. It gives examples of how modern management concepts are aligned with Islamic principles and how Toyota Motors implements some of these principles in their management philosophy.
Maqasid as-Shariah is very important subject in understanding the whole picture of Islamic law. Without the knowledge about maqasid as-Shariah, people will not be able to see the beautiful of Islam as it has been described in the Quran as the rahmah or mercy to the universe. Maqasid as-Shariah shows that every single law or regulations in the Islamic teaching are meant for the benefit of the whole universe since Islam was revealed to the universe. Shari'ah aims at the welfare of the people in this life and in the life hereafter, and for this purpose it has advised people to adopt such means and measures that may give advantage benefit/well-being to them and may ward off evil/injury/loss, from them.
Maqasid al-Shari'ah comprises those benefits/welfare/advantages behind the revelation of Islamic Laws.
It aims at the attainment of good, welfare, benefits, and warding off evil, injury, loss, etc. for the creatures. (All this in Arabic terminology can be stated as Masalih al-'Ibad.)
Many jurists have tried to explain the aims and objectives of Shari'ah upon which it is established.
Among the outstanding figures are the Malikite Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi, the Shafite al-'Izz ibn 'Abd aI-Salam, and the Hanbalite Ibn Qayyim al-Jawiziyyah.
Many jurists have tried to explain the aims and objectives of Shari'ah upon which it is established.
Among the outstanding figures are the Malikite Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi, the Shafite al-'Izz ibn 'Abd aI-Salam, and the Hanbalite Ibn Qayyim al-Jawiziyyah.
One of very important objective is:
Rahmah (Mercy or Compassion), that seek to eliminate prejudice, alleviate hardship and establish justice. The laws of the Qur’an and Sunnah also seek to promote co-operation and support within the family and the society at large.’Adl or Qist (Justice), is indeed a manifestation of God’s Mercy, but may also be seen as a principal objective of the Shari’ah.
One of very important objective is Rahmah (Mercy or Compassion), that seek to eliminate prejudice, alleviate hardship and establish justice. The laws of the Qur’an and Sunnah also seek to promote co-operation and support within the family and the society at large.’Adl or Qist (Justice), is indeed a manifestation of God’s Mercy, but may also be seen as a principal objective of the Shari’ah. An adequate knowledge of the maqasid
thus equips the student of Shari’ah with insight and provides him with a theoretical framework in which the attempt to acquire detailed knowledge of its various doctrines can be more meaningful and interesting.
Dawah is the proclaiming of the Prophets the orders that they receive from Allah to men truly, without changing them.
Allah states the following in the Glorious Quran:
"O Messenger! proclaim the (Message) which hath been sent to thee from thy Lord. If thou didst not thou wouldst not have fulfilled and proclaimed His Mission” (al-Maeda, 5/67).
In another verse, Allah orders Prophet as follows:
ادع إلى سبيل ربك بالحكمة والموعظة الحسنة وجادلهم بالتي هي أحسن
Invite (all) to the way of your Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching; and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious: for your, Lord knows, best who have strayed from His Path, and who receive guidance. It is stated in that verse that dawah should be done with wisdom and beautiful preaching and that they should be struggled against in the best way.
Maqasid as-Shariah is very important subject in understanding the whole picture of Islamic law. Without the knowledge about maqasid as-Shariah, people will not be able to see the beautiful of Islam as it has been described in the Quran as the rahmah or mercy to the universe. Maqasid as-Shariah shows that every single law or regulations in the Islamic teaching are meant for the benefit of the whole universe since Islam was revealed to the universe. Shari'ah aims at the welfare of the people in this life and in the life hereafter, and for this purpose it has advised people to adopt such means and measures that may give advantage benefit/well-being to them and may ward off evil/injury/loss, from them.
Maqasid al-Shari'ah comprises those benefits/welfare/advantages behind the revelation of Islamic Laws.
It aims at the attainment of good, welfare, benefits, and warding off evil, injury, loss, etc. for the creatures. (All this in Arabic terminology can be stated as Masalih al-'Ibad.)
Many jurists have tried to explain the aims and objectives of Shari'ah upon which it is established.
Among the outstanding figures are the Malikite Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi, the Shafite al-'Izz ibn 'Abd aI-Salam, and the Hanbalite Ibn Qayyim al-Jawiziyyah.
Many jurists have tried to explain the aims and objectives of Shari'ah upon which it is established.
Among the outstanding figures are the Malikite Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi, the Shafite al-'Izz ibn 'Abd aI-Salam, and the Hanbalite Ibn Qayyim al-Jawiziyyah.
One of very important objective is:
Rahmah (Mercy or Compassion), that seek to eliminate prejudice, alleviate hardship and establish justice. The laws of the Qur’an and Sunnah also seek to promote co-operation and support within the family and the society at large.’Adl or Qist (Justice), is indeed a manifestation of God’s Mercy, but may also be seen as a principal objective of the Shari’ah.
One of very important objective is Rahmah (Mercy or Compassion), that seek to eliminate prejudice, alleviate hardship and establish justice. The laws of the Qur’an and Sunnah also seek to promote co-operation and support within the family and the society at large.’Adl or Qist (Justice), is indeed a manifestation of God’s Mercy, but may also be seen as a principal objective of the Shari’ah. An adequate knowledge of the maqasid
thus equips the student of Shari’ah with insight and provides him with a theoretical framework in which the attempt to acquire detailed knowledge of its various doctrines can be more meaningful and interesting.
Dawah is the proclaiming of the Prophets the orders that they receive from Allah to men truly, without changing them.
Allah states the following in the Glorious Quran:
"O Messenger! proclaim the (Message) which hath been sent to thee from thy Lord. If thou didst not thou wouldst not have fulfilled and proclaimed His Mission” (al-Maeda, 5/67).
In another verse, Allah orders Prophet as follows:
ادع إلى سبيل ربك بالحكمة والموعظة الحسنة وجادلهم بالتي هي أحسن
Invite (all) to the way of your Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching; and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious: for your, Lord knows, best who have strayed from His Path, and who receive guidance. It is stated in that verse that dawah should be done with wisdom and beautiful preaching and that they should be struggled against in the best way.
ISLAMIC DIVINE LAW (SHARI’AH)
Structuring the Life of Man by Divine Law
The Five Ruling Values (The Five Ahkam) ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ
Mashhad Al-Allaf
What is a Hukm (a legal rule)?
Who is Legally and Morally Obligated (Mu.kal.laf)?
The Nature of Allah's Commands
The Five Categories of Ruling Values:
1. Wajeb or Fardh (Required, Obligatory)
2. Mandoob (Recommended)
3. Mubah (Permitted but Morally Indifferent)
4. Makrooh (Discouraged or Abominable)
5. Haram (Forbidden or Prohibited)
A Lecture given to Delegation of Cambodian Muslim Youth Leaders at Regional Office of International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia on 2016.7.26
Bab 8 ini membincangkan tentang Pengurusan Strategik dari Perspektif Islam. Terdapat Maqasid Shariah sebagai asas dalam menentukan pengurusan yang strategik dalam kehidupan.
A useful booklet shows 1000 acts of Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It contains different situations i.e. waking up, going to the bathroom, performing ablutions, using sewak, wearing shoes, wearing clothes, going out and coming back home, going to the mosque, athan, iqama, praying at night and post-prayer sunnahs.
salah satu daripada topik utama daripada kursus aqidah islam yang bertemakan perbincangan umummengenai peranan dan kepentingan agama kepada manusia..
<fpi>
This slide program explains that Ramadan is month of Quran. It gives suggestions how to best benefit from Quran giving references to Quran and Hadith of our beloved :Prophet (SAW)
this is a short presentation on what advice to give to the teenagers. as parents, we are all concerned about their well being. this presentation gives a precise list of best possible advises to be given to the youth.
there are 10 advises, listed are taken from Holy Qur'an.
ISLAMIC DIVINE LAW (SHARI’AH)
Structuring the Life of Man by Divine Law
The Five Ruling Values (The Five Ahkam) ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ
Mashhad Al-Allaf
What is a Hukm (a legal rule)?
Who is Legally and Morally Obligated (Mu.kal.laf)?
The Nature of Allah's Commands
The Five Categories of Ruling Values:
1. Wajeb or Fardh (Required, Obligatory)
2. Mandoob (Recommended)
3. Mubah (Permitted but Morally Indifferent)
4. Makrooh (Discouraged or Abominable)
5. Haram (Forbidden or Prohibited)
A Lecture given to Delegation of Cambodian Muslim Youth Leaders at Regional Office of International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia on 2016.7.26
Bab 8 ini membincangkan tentang Pengurusan Strategik dari Perspektif Islam. Terdapat Maqasid Shariah sebagai asas dalam menentukan pengurusan yang strategik dalam kehidupan.
A useful booklet shows 1000 acts of Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It contains different situations i.e. waking up, going to the bathroom, performing ablutions, using sewak, wearing shoes, wearing clothes, going out and coming back home, going to the mosque, athan, iqama, praying at night and post-prayer sunnahs.
salah satu daripada topik utama daripada kursus aqidah islam yang bertemakan perbincangan umummengenai peranan dan kepentingan agama kepada manusia..
<fpi>
This slide program explains that Ramadan is month of Quran. It gives suggestions how to best benefit from Quran giving references to Quran and Hadith of our beloved :Prophet (SAW)
this is a short presentation on what advice to give to the teenagers. as parents, we are all concerned about their well being. this presentation gives a precise list of best possible advises to be given to the youth.
there are 10 advises, listed are taken from Holy Qur'an.
Its about importance and significance of Islamic Civilization, Social and Moral influence of Islamic civilization, Clash of civilization ,causes & influence of Clash of civilization and Causes of Clash of Civilization... A detailed informative PDF from which u can get enough info..
:)
Mercy is central to the very identity of Islam, yet this is not
often recognized by theologians and scholars. This paper
will demonstrate that the idea of mercy is important as a
prelude to the understanding of Islam and an interpretation
of its teachings. This important role of mercy is evident in
Islam’s primary sources – the Quran and the Sunnah – and
is not contingent on political, social, or historical contexts.
It is well recognized that the proper comprehension of
Islam hinges on grasping the attributes of God, his divine
message, and the character of his messenger. But what is
often overlooked is that these aspects are fundamentally
rooted in mercy. Islam encourages its followers to cultivate
merciful virtues. It emphasizes that the compassionate
nature of the faith should always precede the understanding
and interpretation of its teachings. As a result, Muslims
are encouraged to nurture a compassionate self, foster
a benevolent mindset and approach, and anchor their
religious obedience in the spirit of mercy. While followers
of Islam are responsible for upholding this ethos, external
observers too should try to view the religion fairly based
upon this recognition of the centrality of mercy.
This word file will give you a descriptive introduction on the Pillars of Islam; And for the Brief introduction on the Pillars of Islam you can see a powerpoint file I have upload with the same name.
If you any kind of mistake or anything please don't hesitate to email me.
Thank you!
. Introduction of Islam.
Concept of Islam.
Importance of Deen in Human Life.
Difference between Deen and Religion.
Distinctive Aspects of Islam.
Islamic Beliefs & its Impact on Individual & Society and the Fundamental of Islam
Islamic Worships: Spiritual, Moral and Social Impact.
II. Study of Seerah of Prophet Mohammad (PBAH) as Role Model for:- Individual
Diplomat
Educator
Military Strategist
Peace Maker
III. Human Rights & Status of Woman in Islam.
Human Rights and Status of Woman in Islam
Dignity of Men and Women
IV. Islamic Civilization and Culture:
Meanings and the Vital Elements
Role of Civilization in Development of Human Personality and Communities
Distinctions of Islamic Civilization (Tauheed, Spiritualism, Dignity of Man, Equality,
Social Justice, Moral Values, Tolerance, Rule of Law)
V. Islam and World.
Impact of Islamic Civilization on the West and Vice Versa
The Role of Islam in the Modern World.
Muslim World and the Contemporary Challenges.
Rise of Extremism.
VI. Public Administration and Governance in Islam
Concept of Public Administration in Islam
Quranic Guidance on Good Governance
Concept of Governance and its Applications in the light of Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh.
Governance Structure in Islam i.e. (Shura, Legislation, Sources of Islamic Law)
Governance under Pious Khelifat
Particular letters of Hazrat Umar (R.A) and Hazrat Ali (R.A) to different Authority.
Responsibilities of Civil Servants
System of Accountability in Islam
VII. Islamic Code of Life.
Salient Features of Islamic Systems, Social System, Political System, Economic
System, Judicial System, Administrative System,
Procedure of Ijmah and Ijtehad
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
1. “Islam” the religion, which has almost 1.5 billion followers in
the world. It is not only a religion but also a complete way of life, that’s why
it is called as “Deen”. Islam does not only tell us about worshipping one
God and offering prayers but it tells each and every thing related to life. It
teaches us how to live, how to act, how to behave with elders and how to
behave with young ones, how to eat, how to drink, etc etc. In short it tells
each and everything related to human’s life that’s why it is called as “Deen
for whole humanity”. And The Almighty ALLAH sent Prophet Muhammad
(S.A.W) to show us practically how to act on teachings of Islam. ALLAH
sent Quran On Prophet and prophet explained it with his sayings (Ahadees).
The Holy Quran, the most comprehensive divine book of the world has the
solution to every problem. It’s a vast source of knowledge. It tells us about
history, Geography, Astronomy, Biology, and Management etc. There is
almost every kind of knowledge in it. Many people say that its exaggeration
to say that The Holy Quran has Knowledge of almost of every kind my
answer to their compliment is that Just like an Ocean has many valuable
pearls in it but only those can find who are trained divers. If any one who
doesn’t know diving starts saying that there is no pearl in Ocean then it is the
lack of knowledge of that person. Similarly, any one who is not good enough
to derive valuable teachings from The Holy Quran cannot say that this book
does not have teachings. This is the lack of Knowledge of that person. That’s
why in Holy Quran ALLAH says:
“This is a book with verses basic or fundamental
further explained in detail, from ones who are wise and well
acquainted”
2. So, it shows that this Holy book has some precious pearls. To
find these pearls we just have to understand it thoroughly.
Management that is considered to be one of the most important subjects of
modern times is also derived from the knowledge that Quran has given us.
Many of its principles and theories that are made in 16th or 17th century are
derive from the knowledge that The Holy Quran has given us 14 centuries
ago. Now let’s look at the Islamic concept of management.
Islamic Concept Of Management:
Management today is defined as “Getting things done
through others.” Following this concept, A Manager is now understood
as the person who works through others. A good manager, therefore, is a
person who not only knows what is to be done but exactly how to get it
done. The
Holy Quran confirms:
“…We raise some of them above others in ranks,
so that some may command work from others...”
[43:32]
This ayah from Surah Al-Zakahraf reveals in a nutshell as to
why God raised some people over others in ranks that being, that they can
get work done from them. This Ayat (43:32) encompasses the entire
philosophy and wisdom of modern management. It emphasizes, in essence,
the creation of appropriate hierarchies and the division of responsibilities
subject to individual capabilities. It basically implies the creation of
organizational charts from the top management to the lower management. It
stresses the division of work and responsibilities according to individual
capabilities.
3. Analysis of Definition:
If we ponder over the definition of Management, we will get
to know that points discussed in that had already been given by Holy Quran
1400 years ago. Now let’s look at the definition,
“Management is coordinating work activities so that
they are completed effectively and efficiently with and through
other people.”
If we look at the word “Efficiently” it means that proper usage
of resources and less wastage of them. This is one of very important aspect
of management. Wastage—either in terms of: material, human capital,
energy, machine utilization, or processing time, creates inefficiencies
resulting in the increase of costs and consequent decrease in profits. The
holy Quran has spoken against wastage and lavish expenditure in following
words:
“And render to the kindred their due rights, as (also)
to those in want, and to the wayfarer. But waste not (your wealth,
time, health, Talents, opportunities etc) in the manner of a
spendthrift.”
[17:26]
“For the wasteful are the brothers of Satan; and
Satan is ungrateful to his Lord.”
[17:27]
These are the Ayaat of Surah Bani-Israel and in this Ayat
Islam has given Muslims the golden rule of not wasting any thing.
Following these principles an organization can be able to produce best
quality products at the least possible cost. A Muslim must also strive to
eliminate any wastage around him, at home, workplace, or in society even
when faced with resistance. A very common example would be to control the
use of water, food, and electricity according to the needs. Wastage of
resources such as material in the workplace, man-hours, machine-hours,
4. Human potential and time should also be minimized. While 100%
elimination is not possible we should still try to get as close to it as possible,
and this can only be achieved through continuous struggle (Jihad). Muslims
would find this easier to do than non-Muslims because they have been
explicitly instructed by the Holy Quran. Continuous striving is the only way
available to achieve minimum possible wastage or maximum possible
efficiency, which is nothing but Jihad in Arabic.
The Holy Quran confirms this fact:
“You who believe! Have fear of Allah and seek the
means of drawing near to Him and strive in His Way, so that
hopefully you will be successful.”
[5:35]
Obedience Respect and Authority:
Obedience and respect for authority is the basic fundamental
requisite for taking work from others and getting it done. Working through
people actually presupposes the willingness of people to obey. It is therefore
necessary for those people who are given he job to complete a task to obey
all legal and reasonable orders and perform it responsibly, as Holy Quran
instructs:
“Obey Allah and His Messenger and those in position
of authority among you.”
[4:59]
This Ayat is a commandment and not a plea. To be a good Muslim, it is
incumbent upon the believer to observe the ruling with willingness and
honesty. When this spirit of voluntary obedience is instilled in the mind of
an employee, the scope of the hierarchy as envisaged by the Ayat is
strengthened [43:32]. Needless to say, without the spirit of voluntary
obedience among those who work, the creation of hierarchy will not serve
any purpose.
5. Joint Consultation and Team Work:
The modern world realized the importance of joint
consultation (Shura) and teamwork when the Japanese based its management
style on it and proved to the world of its effectiveness.
The Holy Quran advocates for this concept:
“...And those who do their work through mutual
consultation.”
[42:83]
“…Pass over (their faults), and ask for (God's)
forgiveness for them; and consult them in affairs (of
moment). Then, when you have taken a decision put your
trust in God, for God loves those who put their trust (in
Him).”
[3:159]
In the Ayat [3:159] ALLAH is saying to His beloved Prophet
to consult with others and then take a decision and after taking decision
don’t take stress just trust ALLAH. This ayah has beautifully stated not only
the about teamwork and joint consultation but also about decision-making. A
very simple and a beautiful rule for decision-making. Just consult, decide
and leave rest of things on ALLAH.
And in the 2nd part of the Ayat ALLAH said He loves those
who put their trust on ALLAH. It’s a very easy way to ease your nerves after
taking a very difficult decision. You have two options either to worry about
the consequences of the decision or put your trust in ALLAH. Definitely
second option is better one. So, every body would like to choose the second
one. That is the reason why ALLAH says that He loves human 70 times
more than a mother.
6. Principles Of Equal Opportunities:
The principle of equal opportunities postulate that all
members of an organization shall have equal and fair chances to grow,
contribute, and be rewarded accordingly.
The Holy Quran emphasis this golden rule:
“O people We created you from a single male
and female couple and then divided you in nations and
tribes so that you may recognize one another. “Verily the
most honorable among you in the sight of Allah is he who
is most righteous of you.”
[49:13]
Our beloved Prophet Muhammad (P) expounded the verse for us on the
occasion of Hajat-ul-Widaa, in the following words:
“In the light of this Quranic verse no Arab has
any superiority over a non-Arab nor does any non-Arab
have any superiority over an Arab. Neither black is
superior to white nor white is superior to black. Of course,
if there is any criterion of superiority and respectability in
the sight of Allah, it is Taqwa (righteousness).”
[Khutba-e-Hijjat-ul-widaa]
7. These words suggest that despite the fact that we are all equal,
human beings can excel over one another in certain aspects of life. One such
aspect could be in terms of righteousness.
There can be no better pattern for equal opportunities than the
one spelled out by the above Quranic Ayat. In the realm of management, it
would mean that the criteria for entitlement to any benefit, reward,
Position, or status shall be such that any one having requisite qualifications
and experience should have equal opportunity to achieve it. This will
obviously go a long way towards maintain the requisite degree of harmony
in the work environment conducive to the smooth working of the
Management process.
Motivation And Commitment:
Making people what they are supposed to do requires a certain
degree of commitment, which can only be, achieve through motivation. It is
an established fact that the way a Manager behaves or deals with the
subordinates determines the level and vitality of their motivation and
commitment to a great extent.
The Holy Quran too speaks about this golden rule:
“(Telling the Prophet) If you had been stern
and fierce of heart they (the companions and followers)
would have disappeared from around you. So pardon them
and ask forgiveness for them and consult them in the
conduct of affairs”
[3:159]
This beautiful Ayat emphasizes upon two aspects: one, that
compassionate and sympathetic behavior towards companions and
followers, and second, the adoption of participatory approach when dealing
with them i.e. consulting them, is the most effective way of management. If
this golden rule is not observed then “they will disappear from you” i.e. they
8. won’t pay attention nor any interest in you or what your work entails. Both
these golden rules play vital role in the motivation of subordinates and
inculcating in them the spirit of commitment and passion for work.
Optimum Capacity Utilization:
The following Ayaat from the Holy Quran reveals another golden rule
that a Muslim Businessman should learn from and practice in his daily life.
“… No soul shall have a burden laid on it greater
than it can bear…”
[2:33]
“On no soul doth Allah place a burden greater than
it can bear… (Pray) Our Lord! Lay not on us a burden greater
than we have strength to bear.” [2:286]
This principle is emphasizing on the fact that physical, emotional, and
intellectual capacity of an individual is limited and not exhaustive.
Additionally, since every person is unique in his talents and temperament,
and in his skills, it is important not to burden someone with a task that is
beyond his scope to deal with it. This is an important principle of modern
business management. If we add another ayat to the abovementioned ones,
we will come across a set of very comprehensive principles for business
management and personal life.
“And the Firmament has He raised high,
and He has set up the Balance (of Justice),In order that ye
may not transgress (due) balance. So establish weight with
justice and fall not short in the balance.”
[55:7-9]
The principles mentioned in 2:286, 55:7-9, mean:
1. Do not over-burden any resource, whether it is a machine or an employee;
9. 2.Do not under-load any machine or employee; and balance out the
workload onto different machines or on different employees so that none of
them is over-burdened or under-loaded with regards to their respective
capacities.
How Toyota Motors is implementing
Islamic rules of Management ?
Toyota Motor Corporation, a multinational corporation headquartered in
Japan, is the world's largest automaker in terms of sales volume. Toyota
ranks as the World's fifth largest publicly traded company according to
Fortune Magazine's Global 500. The Toyota Motor Company was awarded
its first Japanese Quality Control Award at the start 1980s and began
participating in a wide variety of Motorsports.
Toyota Philosophy:
Toyota's management philosophy has evolved
from the company's origins and has been reflected in the terms "Lean
Manufacturing" and Just In Time Production, which it was instrumental in
developing. The Toyota Way has four components:
1) Long-term thinking as a basis for management decisions,
2) a process for problem-solving,
3) adding value to the organization by developing its people, and
4) recognizing that continuously solving root problems drives
organizational learning.
Toyota has grown to a large multinational corporation from where it started
and expanded to different worldwide markets and countries by becoming the
largest seller of cars in the beginning of 2007, the most profitable automaker
($11 billion in 2006) along with increasing sales in, among other countries,
the United States. It is renowned world wide for its efficiency and
effectiveness.
Toyota in particular owes their phenomenal success to adherence to certain
golden principles of management, which includes:
1. Elimination of wastage/optimum capacity utilization,
2. Struggle for continuous
10. 3. Improvement (Jihad),
4. JIT,
5. Visual Control,
6. TQM,
All which is explicitly advertised by the Holy Quran since 1400+
years. The Holy Quran even laid down the institutional framework for
achieving these principles. What now remains desired is a sincere study of it
and its practical implementation.
Japanese Term English Equivalent Meaning in Japanese
Five-S Terminologies:
5-S is a set of 5 Japanese terminologies, each one of them stating a very
practical and important golden principle. Almost all Japanese firms follow
these principles in order to achieve maximum amount of efficiency in their
work. A brief detail of each follows:
Seiri:
The first step of the ‘5-S’ process, Seiri, refers to the act of
discarding all unwanted, unnecessary, and unrelated materials from any
place of concern. It could be the workplace or home or even a town. The
idea is to ensure that everything left is of use only. Even the number of
necessary items must be kept to its absolute minimum. This principle should
be ingrained in the mindset of a true Muslim. The Holy Quran instructs:
“… They ask thee how much they are
to spend in the way of Allah; Say: ‘What is
beyond your needs.’”
[2:219]
The added advantages of discarding unnecessary materials from
any place is that it simplifies task, makes effective use of space, and careful
purchase of items needed. It also helps the person to increase his efficiency
at home and at work for he must handle items and maintain them with
minimum wastage of time and energy. The Holy Quran mentions this in
17:27 and 7:31.
11. Seiton:
A mindset of a Muslim evolves after learning, implementing, and
benefiting from ‘Seiri’ towards ‘Seiton,’ or orderliness, which is all about
efficiency. This golden principle relates with putting everything in an
assigned place so that it can be accessed or retrieved quickly, as well as
returned to that same place without delays. The logic is that if everyone has
quick access to an item or material, workflow becomes efficient and less
time is waste in locating it.
Seiso:
Everyone should be a janitor. Seiso consists of cleaning up the
workplace and giving it a ‘shine.’ Cleaning must be done by everyone in the
organization, from operators to managers. It would be a good and a practical
idea to have certain areas of the workplace assigned to different persons or
group of people for cleaning purpose. No area should be left unclean.
Everyone should see the workplace through the eyes of a visitor— always
thinking whether it is clean enough to make a good impression or not.
Seiso cannot be achieved without having mutual respect for everyone and an
atmosphere of brotherhood. Furthermore, it also requires an intrinsic desire
and motivation for cleanliness.
The Holy Quran understands the importance of cleanliness and instructs its
believers to keep themselves clean at all times, and sets about to describe
how this can best be achieved. The entire system of Salat is a perfect
example and an exercise to ensure that Muslims obey and follow this golden
rule at least five times a day, every day, throughout their lives.
A Muslim offers his Salat in a Masjid behind an Imam. He first
performs ablution which not only purifies him physically but also spiritually.
He then stands shoulder-to shoulder with his brothers irrespective of any
social and economic status behind an Imam, and follows his instructions.
Similar should be the scenario in a workplace as well where everyone should
feel responsible to work passionately (worship in Salat), respect each other
(stand shoulder-to shoulder), keep his surroundings clean (ablution and
cleanliness of Masjid), and follow the instructions of their superiors (Imam)
without any resistance or laziness. Needless to say, it is a perfect system.
12. Seiketsu:
The fourth step of 5-S is Seiketsu which more or less translates into
‘standardized cleanup.’ What it consists of is definition of standards against
which people must measure and maintain cleanliness. Seiketsu encompasses
both personal and environmental cleanliness. People must practice Seiketsu
starting with their personal tidiness to keep themselves motivated and
mentally fresh. Visual management is an important ingredient of
Seiketsu.The Holy Quran also provides us with a standardized yet very
comprehensive set of rules to obtain and maintain cleanliness at all physical,
emotional, intellectual, and spiritual levels. One such standard is the five-
time obligatory Salat which is also considered as the Pillar of Islam. Another
is ablution, the standards of which are clearly stated in Islamic Fiqh. How
the state of intellectual and spiritual cleanliness is achieved and maintained
is a very comprehensive subject in Islam, and outside the scope of this
article. Those interested must read ‘Tazkia-e-Nafs’ (Purification of
Self) by Molana Ameen Ahsan Islahi.
Shitsuku:
The last step of 5-S is Shitsuke which literally means ‘Discipline.’
This golden rule denotes commitment to maintain orderliness and to practice
the first 4 S’s as a way of life. The emphasis of Shitsuke is on the
elimination of bad habits and constant practice of good ones. Once a person
achieves the state of Shitsuke, cleanliness and orderliness is then voluntarily
and at times subconsciously observed at all time, without the need of
reminders or motivation. Shitsuke is the most evolved state of mind that
incorporates all the previous golden rules. It is too obvious for any rational
mind to conclude how natural it should be for a true Muslim to have this
state of mind.
Just-in time Inventory system of Toyota:
13. The concept of just in time which has been invented by Toyota has
revolutionized the Inventory Management Systems in the manufacturing
organizations throughout the world. It is based on the golden principle of
keeping only that much amount of inventory that is needed and that too in
continuous movement in order to avoid in-process buffer inventory as much
as possible until it is completely transformed into the finished good. A
Muslim should be a born JIT expert. The Holy Quran instructs him in 2:219
that he should spend on himself only as much as he needs and to give away
the excess in the way of Allah.
“… They ask thee how much they are to spend in the way of Allah; Say:
‘What is beyond your needs.’” [2:219]
“The men on the heights will call to certain men whom they will know from
their marks, saying: “Of what profit to you were your hoards and your
arrogant ways?” [10:58]
One might argue that the context of this ayat is different. Factually, a
Muslim should understand that the Holy Quran lays down golden rules
which are all applicable universally for all times in all situations. What the
Holy Quran intends as a whole is to create a specific mindset, or a
worldview. Once, this mindset or the worldview is created, these rules
automatically become a part of a lifestyle and ceases to be a chore.
Thus a Muslim businessman will never accumulate large amount of
inventories as prescribed by the “economics of scale” philosophy because it
will go against his ingrained core beliefs. He will know that accumulation of
inventories (wealth) to gain economic benefits by deterring the forces of
demand and supply is discouraged by the Holy Quran in 9:34, and so will
refrain from doing such a thing.
“O ye who believe! …those who bury gold and silver
and spend it not in the way of Allah, announce unto them a
most grievous penalty.”
[9:34]
14. JIT was pioneered by Toyota and it is an important part of Toyota Production
System (TPS). Toyota believed that accumulation of inventory of any kind,
be beginning, in process, or finished goods, is a kind of wastage in the form
of Material Holding Cost which is being added during the time material is
sitting idle within the premises of the manufacturing facility.
Visual Control:
Toyota works this way: in order to solve any problem, the
manager or supervisor at Toyota is obligated to go and see for himself
the issue, analyze it, and take corrective actions. Second hand
information is simply not accepted because it is considered to be
unreliable, or at least not 100% correct. It is a proven fact that when
information passes along the chain from people to people, a degree of
distortion and/or misinterpretation takes place. This distortion is due
to the differences we have in our perceptions, semantics, state of
minds, and basic psychology etc. These distortions can easily lead to
misunderstandings about the situation or problem and hence can
greatly reduce the quality of solution presented. Thus, in order to
minimize or eliminate this distortion, it is utmost necessary that that
the information should be first-hand as much as it can be possible.
The Toyota company has developed the mechanisms to get the most
accurate and first-hand information without wastage of time and
money.
This golden rule is amply mentioned in the Holy Quran.
“You shall not accept any information, unless you
verify it for yourself. I have given you the hearing, the
eyesight, and the brain, and you are responsible for using
them.”
[17:36]
The essence of management is all about handling information and making
the right decisions based on it. A Muslim should know that the Holy Quran
commands him (not asks him) to be very cautious about the information he
receives and to verify it for its accuracy before making any decision or
15. judgment or opinion. Although this may apparently seem to involve a lot of
work and time but in reality it actually saves a huge about of time, energy,
and money in the long run that might be wasted if the decisions taken turn
out to be wrong and damaging. However, for minor day-to-day issues,
systems can be designed to ensure accurate flow of information from
department to departments and from persons to persons.
Philosophy of Quality Management:
A business cannot flourish in the long run if it doesn’t give its
customer what it promises to. Being a customer it is easy to understand this
but for a business it is usually not. The main focus of a businessman is to
make profits and not necessarily to satisfy the customer. It would not be
wrong to say that the only time the businessman realizes that customer
satisfaction is important is when he understand that this is directly related
with his profitability margins. This has been realized the hard way by the
western organizations that customer satisfaction is vital for their survival and
growth. So, in order to achieve the highest levels of customer satisfaction,
they have put in considerable amount of research on the concept what is now
known as Quality Management Systems including its various tools and
methodologies such as and TQM. The West after years of experimentation
and failures has now found out this golden rule, the same golden rule which
was mentioned in the Holy Quran.
The Holy Quran commands:
“And come not nigh to the orphan's property, except
to improve it, until he attain the age of full strength; give
measure and weight with (full)justice;- no burden do We
place on any soul, but that which it can bear;- whenever ye
speak, speak justly, even if a near relative is concerned;
and fulfill the covenant of Allah. Thus doth He command
you that ye may remember. “
[6:152]
16. “Woe to those that deal in fraud,-
Those who, when they have to receive by
measure from men, exact full measure,
But when they have to give by measure
or weight to men, give less than due.
Do they not think that they will be
called to account?”
[83:1-3]
For a Muslim businessman, there is no alternative but to satisfy his
customer, even if the market and economic forces are making it difficult for
him to do so. It is his obligation to God that he resists these forces and
struggle and strive (wage Jihad) to fulfill the above-mentioned
commandments, even if he has to compromise on some profit or put up
some extra effort (up to his capacity). For him, profit is only a “means” to
keep his business alive and to satisfy his customer i.e. the “end.” The
wisdom behind the golden rule is that the welfare and wellbeing of the
customers and the society is far more important than the profitability of a
single entrepreneur. Yes, by preferring customers over profit, a business will
reduce its income in the short term but will surely improve its sustainability
in the longer run. Besides, a Muslim knows that his job is to simply work
within the framework of Quranic injunctions and the rest will itself follow.
The Holy Quran authorizes this fact in 51:58
“Allah is He who is the provider of all Rizq
(Livelihood), the Lord of all Power.”
[51:58]
There are some western and far-eastern organizations whose sole purpose is
to meet the needs of the customer and society alone (“end”) by leaving
profitability as a “means” for it. Their main focus is to satisfy their
customers as much as possible in terms of their expectations about the
quality of the product or service, and they never compromise on it.
Interestingly enough, such companies are many times more profitable over
other companies who do not have such intentions6. The author and
17. researcher Jim Collins describes such companies in his bestselling books
titled “Built to Last” and “Good to Great.” Two such companies are Sony
and Merck. The founder of the Merck believed that medicine is for the sick
(end) and not for making money out of it (means). The author states that
these beliefs are even openly evident in their everyday activities within their
companies. It is a natural law that when “means” are recognized as “means”
and “ends” of human life are recognized as “ends”, only then the real
process of socioeconomic, intellectual, and spiritual evolution takes places
and takes us to the extremes of our potential. The following ayat reveals a lot
than the apparent:
“And weigh with scales true and upright”
[26:182]
Elimination of wastage:
It was Toyota who first understood and implemented this golden rule
in business, not the Muslims. Their success is thus based on two principles:
1. Complete Elimination of Wastage; and
2. Equal Level of Respect for All
Continuous and aggressive pursuit of wastage elimination led Toyota to
become one of the most efficient manufacturing organizations in the world.
The company is now able to produce the best quality of
automotive products at the least possible cost while maintaining the highest
pay-scale for its employees. Their success-story has inspired many
companies throughout the globe, including those in Pakistan and adoption of
these principles and methodologies in these companies concerning
continuous elimination of waste is already underway. Jeffery K Liker in his
book The Toyota Way has described that Toyota production system today
comprises of 14 principles that have evolved as a result of continues pursuit
of Toyota since the very beginning. Some of these processes are technically
known , JIT, and 5-S etc.