2. The idea of Fountain were that it did not matter whether or not an article
was made by an artist, it was the intellectual decision taken by the artist
to place it in a gallery and call it art that made it art. It meant that
anything could be art. This represented a movement away from the idea
of physical creation and craftsmanship to one of intellectual
interpretation.
Some of the leading artists of the Dadaism art movement were Marcel
Duchamp, George Grosz, Otto Dix, Hans Richter and Jean Arp.
3. This artwork of art by Marcel Duchamp first conceived in 1919. The work is
one of what Duchamp referred to as readymade involves taking mundane,
often utilitarian objects not generally considered to be art and transforming
them, by adding to them, changing them.
The name of the piece, L.H.O.O.Q. (in French èl ache o qu), is a pun since
the letters when pronounced in French form the sentence "Elle a chau, d au
cul", which can be roughly translated as "Her ass is hot", or more accurately
"She is really horny". He drew a mustache and a beard on Mona Lisa with a
pencil.
4. This artwork is consisting of a bicycle fork with front wheel mounted
upside-down on a wooden stool.
In 1913, he put the bicycle wheel upside down onto a stool, spinning it
occasionally just to watch it. Later he denied that its creation was
purposeful, though it has come to be known as the first of his ready-
mades. "I enjoyed looking at it," he said. It was not until he began
making ready-mades a few years later in New York that he
decided Bicycle Wheel was a readymade.
The original from 1913 was lost, and Duchamp recreated the sculpture in
1951.
5. Shovel is inscribed along its lower rim with the following phrase: "In
Advance of the Broken Arm” in 1915.
Shovel illustrates just how blurry the line between art and life is when
dealing with the ready-mades. In Advance of the Broken Arm could
easily be mistaken for a simple shovel if it were not suspended from the
ceiling.
In this displacement stands as a critical part of the piece. This
