Andrew Maher is the Region Leader of Arup University. He discusses how Arup has shifted its focus from buildings to urban planning and transport over the past 10 years. Maher believes autonomous vehicles will be prevalent by 2040 and change how cities use transport networks and public spaces. Cities will have large scale renewable energy and more connected infrastructure through the Internet of Things. New skills will be needed in automation and integrating information across technical fields. Ubiquitous computing, sharing economy platforms, and improvements in large scale energy storage are cited as the top forces currently disrupting cities to become more low carbon and resilient.
The document discusses several business trends for 2017 and beyond, including the rise of millennials, increased automation through technologies like artificial intelligence, trends in urbanization like more companies moving to cities, and the growth of smart cities. It notes key facts about each trend, such as the large size of the millennial population compared to Gen X, the types of jobs that may be automated, how technologies are accelerating mass adoption, and examples of smart city initiatives in areas like transportation, housing, and energy infrastructure.
The writer defines a city as a dense amalgamation of buildings and people that must provide equity and sustainability. The two key requirements of a city are provision of basic services and social infrastructure, which must be developed together. Some of the essential components of a city that require planning and implementation include streets, public transport, traffic management, affordable housing, drainage, water, sewage, and garbage. The writer is an architect who has been closely connected with Delhi and its planning, and argues we are at a crucial point for urban planning due to rapid population growth in cities.
With increased connectivity, networks at both a global and local level are growing rapidly whilst new communities can develop and flourish through digital channels. These allow for resources to be shared, swapped, borrowed and traded; bearing a new economy that favours access over ownership.
This is a dramatically different user experience context that demands a transformation of our approach to service design. In this session we will share findings from our global research that explored the experiences and opportunities involved in moving from an ownership economy to one built on access and sharing. In this presentation we present guidelines for creating value exchange networks and share some tools we’ve developed for creating networked services and business models in the sharing economy.
See also video of the presentation being delivered: http://youtu.be/b22vSxLXMsY
Smart cities of the future will utilize sensors, networks, and data analysis to monitor resources and services in real-time, helping with short-term decision making and anticipating future needs. Private and public sectors can then adapt cities towards economic, social, or environmental goals. Early examples include IBM's work in Zhenjiang, China using data to manage transportation and reduce traffic and emissions. The future city will be smarter, greener, and more connected through innovations like those seen in Songdo, South Korea which automatically manages waste and uses sensors to provide real-time transit updates. Cities will also undergo "greenification" through renewable energy, eco-friendly design, and reimagining transportation infrastructure to be more sustainable.
This document discusses molecular shape and geometry. It explains that there are five basic molecular shapes depending on the number of electron pairs around the central atom: linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral. Lone pair electrons occupy more space than bonding pairs and affect the molecular shape and bond angles. Examples are given of different molecules with varying numbers of electron pairs and their resulting molecular geometries.
The document discusses several business trends for 2017 and beyond, including the rise of millennials, increased automation through technologies like artificial intelligence, trends in urbanization like more companies moving to cities, and the growth of smart cities. It notes key facts about each trend, such as the large size of the millennial population compared to Gen X, the types of jobs that may be automated, how technologies are accelerating mass adoption, and examples of smart city initiatives in areas like transportation, housing, and energy infrastructure.
The writer defines a city as a dense amalgamation of buildings and people that must provide equity and sustainability. The two key requirements of a city are provision of basic services and social infrastructure, which must be developed together. Some of the essential components of a city that require planning and implementation include streets, public transport, traffic management, affordable housing, drainage, water, sewage, and garbage. The writer is an architect who has been closely connected with Delhi and its planning, and argues we are at a crucial point for urban planning due to rapid population growth in cities.
With increased connectivity, networks at both a global and local level are growing rapidly whilst new communities can develop and flourish through digital channels. These allow for resources to be shared, swapped, borrowed and traded; bearing a new economy that favours access over ownership.
This is a dramatically different user experience context that demands a transformation of our approach to service design. In this session we will share findings from our global research that explored the experiences and opportunities involved in moving from an ownership economy to one built on access and sharing. In this presentation we present guidelines for creating value exchange networks and share some tools we’ve developed for creating networked services and business models in the sharing economy.
See also video of the presentation being delivered: http://youtu.be/b22vSxLXMsY
Smart cities of the future will utilize sensors, networks, and data analysis to monitor resources and services in real-time, helping with short-term decision making and anticipating future needs. Private and public sectors can then adapt cities towards economic, social, or environmental goals. Early examples include IBM's work in Zhenjiang, China using data to manage transportation and reduce traffic and emissions. The future city will be smarter, greener, and more connected through innovations like those seen in Songdo, South Korea which automatically manages waste and uses sensors to provide real-time transit updates. Cities will also undergo "greenification" through renewable energy, eco-friendly design, and reimagining transportation infrastructure to be more sustainable.
This document discusses molecular shape and geometry. It explains that there are five basic molecular shapes depending on the number of electron pairs around the central atom: linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral. Lone pair electrons occupy more space than bonding pairs and affect the molecular shape and bond angles. Examples are given of different molecules with varying numbers of electron pairs and their resulting molecular geometries.
The document discusses various technologies and how they have changed and will continue to change in the future. It covers the evolution of the internet from dial-up to wireless, and predicts it will be ubiquitous by 2023. It describes how education technology has advanced from laptops to tablets in schools. It also discusses improvements in smartphones like fingerprint sensors and holograms. The document predicts that cars will start to fly in the near future, as envisioned in movies. It considers whether humans or technology will be more advanced in the future.
R. Manikandan is a 6th semester student studying Electronics and Instrumentation at SRM University. He is interested in working in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) as it connects all identifiable devices to the internet. Specifically, he is interested in applying IoT in banking and transportation to address current problems and proposes new solutions. If offered an internship, he would like to work with specialists in these areas to further develop his ideas and gain experience that could help both him and the company advance their work in IoT.
This document discusses how technology is increasingly becoming a business enabler rather than just a cost center. It notes how cloud platforms allow businesses to focus on velocity and solving problems faster. It also discusses how user expectations are shaped by consumer technologies and how businesses want applications that provide seamless experiences like consumer apps. Finally, it talks about how IT leadership needs to focus on imagination and innovation rather than just migrating existing systems.
20101021 ppt flanders dc creativity forumDorien Aerts
How to dive in the mobile internet ocean :
- what does 'mobile' mean right now
- what makes mobile internet different
- what does that mean for your organization
- how to be part of it
Presentation @ Flanders DC Creativity Forum 2010
Can vs. Should: Balancing User Needs and Engineering Possibilities to Create ...Teaque Lenahan
There's a lot of digital experiences that can be put in our cars. But what SHOULD go in our cars is a matter not only of what's technically possible but what's meaningful to the driver and passengers...and safe. Contextual factors (speed, distractions, etc.) in automotives demands a hard look at the direction design should take in this space, and it's up to OEMs to design around the experience, not the technology.
Metanomics is a weekly Web-based show on the serious uses of virtual worlds. This transcript is from a past show.
For this and other videos, visit us at http://metanomics.net.
New Year and new ideas! This month we want to boost our students’ creativity when discussing a relevant topic: transport. Our B2 First and C1 Advanced students can talk about what the transport of the future will be like while they improve their English. Our B1 Preliminary and B2 First learners will reflect upon how transport has changed while they practise their speaking. Finally, our young learners can put their inventors’ hat on and design the bike of the future. Happy teaching!
Short servicestories 3_fluegge_the future of the city - services for the futu...Barbara Fluegge
This Story is about the opportunities and potential any city and metropolitan region has. Not only by mobile innovation but also service driven innovation the potential is huge. My Short Service Story series is about how to serve customers and businesses better, setting a clearer focus on business services rather than be tied into a product-solely offering attitude. Servitization is a term that sets the trend for service orientation and spans the relevant steps from service design, validation, execution towards evaluation and re-design. Successful businesses execute Servitization within their company strategy. It is not only the execution as such but guiding their organization from within towards their ecosystem of business partners, customers, and influencers. Happy Serving!
Mike Spack is an alumnus of the University of Minnesota who started his own traffic engineering consulting company called Spack Consulting. He has launched several innovations in traffic data collection that have made traffic studies more efficient and less costly. These innovations include developing camera-based systems for collecting traffic counts from video footage rather than having people manually count in the field. His company has grown significantly and now has over 1500 customers worldwide and provides traffic data collection equipment and services.
Dude, where's my car? The "complicated" relationship between the automotive i...Good Rebels
Millennials rely heavily on public transportation and other modes of transport like walking and cycling for their daily commutes, as only 22% regularly drive their own vehicle. Car ownership levels are declining amongst Millennials, with only 36% owning a car in 2014 compared to 42% in 2007. Millennials view cars as a functional necessity rather than something enjoyed for leisure, and cite high costs as the main reason for relying on alternatives to driving.
Design Careers in the Science Fiction FutureBill DeRouchey
What design challenges may exist when today’s junior designers are tomorrow’s design leaders? This extrapolates on current technology trends to speculate on what new design challenges may develop over the next 20 years, and how we can prepare ourselves for the unknown future.
Tokyo can be considered a smart city in some respects but also has room for improvement. While traffic congestion makes movement difficult, public transportation is announced in many languages to accommodate foreigners. Singapore has succeeded as a smart city through advanced urban planning, internet infrastructure, and clean energy use. Creating an intuitive smart city requires considering diverse users and improving public transportation systems.
Fluor has a legacy of creating and driving innovation in construction design and techniques since introducing scale models in 1951. As technology advances, new ideas will continue to revolutionize how people work and locate destinations, from haptic shoes guided by GPS to 3D printing of textures. By 2020, 30 billion internet-connected devices will be in use across various sectors, requiring companies like Fluor to continuously innovate and welcome new ideas to remain successful and competitive in the future.
eZ Unconference#2 - Future of the internet 2020 - C. Zahneissen (cpo)eZ Publish Community
This document discusses predictions for the future of the internet and web in 2020 and beyond. It notes that the digital universe will be 44 times larger than a decade prior, with 50 billion devices connected to the internet and 6 billion mobile users. The digital and physical worlds will continue merging through technologies like augmented reality glasses and implanted devices. User experience will be key, with experiences expected to flow across contexts and devices. The future web will be accessible anywhere, anytime, and on any device through multi-channel and user experience platforms.
This document discusses predictions for the future of communication technology in 10 years, or by 2028. It suggests that classrooms will increasingly utilize technology like iPads and projectors, with fewer printed books. 3D printing will allow on-demand manufacturing of physical items. Driverless cars are predicted to be common by 2028 and safer than human-driven vehicles. Streaming services and online shopping will provide even faster gratification. People will grow more reliant on media through virtual reality and mobile access, increasing media's influence.
This document discusses the emerging "semantic web" and its implications for market research. The semantic web leverages the vast amount of online data and computers' increasing ability to understand meaning. It will allow computers to intelligently gather and structure information. This will transform market research by providing a robust dataset of citizen insights and opinions online. Researchers may no longer need to directly survey respondents, as answers could already exist online. While this could significantly reduce costs, it also raises ethical issues around using people's public comments for commercial purposes. Adapting to the semantic web may require changes to how researchers work, the skills they need, and their relationship with respondents.
This document discusses communication technologies and how they may evolve by 2028. It predicts that self-driving cars will be commonplace and safer than human-driven vehicles. Phone watches will be independent of phones and allow calls and notifications. Reading glasses will use audio to read text aloud to the user. Electronic books will replace paper books in schools. 3D printing will be more accessible to create visual aids for learning.
Doteveryone conducted research that found a lack of public understanding around how digital technologies work and collect personal information, leading to unease and distrust. Their research also showed that people experience technology within their communities and jobs, not just between themselves and screens. As a result, Doteveryone advocates for context-centric design that considers how digital technologies impact societies and communities, not just individual users, in order to avoid unintended consequences and better meet user needs.
Hastening Trends Around Cloud, Mobile, Push Application Transformation as Pri...Dana Gardner
Edited transcript of a sponsored podcast discussion on converging forces that will compel enterprises to take a close look at their application portfolios.
The document discusses various technologies and how they have changed and will continue to change in the future. It covers the evolution of the internet from dial-up to wireless, and predicts it will be ubiquitous by 2023. It describes how education technology has advanced from laptops to tablets in schools. It also discusses improvements in smartphones like fingerprint sensors and holograms. The document predicts that cars will start to fly in the near future, as envisioned in movies. It considers whether humans or technology will be more advanced in the future.
R. Manikandan is a 6th semester student studying Electronics and Instrumentation at SRM University. He is interested in working in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) as it connects all identifiable devices to the internet. Specifically, he is interested in applying IoT in banking and transportation to address current problems and proposes new solutions. If offered an internship, he would like to work with specialists in these areas to further develop his ideas and gain experience that could help both him and the company advance their work in IoT.
This document discusses how technology is increasingly becoming a business enabler rather than just a cost center. It notes how cloud platforms allow businesses to focus on velocity and solving problems faster. It also discusses how user expectations are shaped by consumer technologies and how businesses want applications that provide seamless experiences like consumer apps. Finally, it talks about how IT leadership needs to focus on imagination and innovation rather than just migrating existing systems.
20101021 ppt flanders dc creativity forumDorien Aerts
How to dive in the mobile internet ocean :
- what does 'mobile' mean right now
- what makes mobile internet different
- what does that mean for your organization
- how to be part of it
Presentation @ Flanders DC Creativity Forum 2010
Can vs. Should: Balancing User Needs and Engineering Possibilities to Create ...Teaque Lenahan
There's a lot of digital experiences that can be put in our cars. But what SHOULD go in our cars is a matter not only of what's technically possible but what's meaningful to the driver and passengers...and safe. Contextual factors (speed, distractions, etc.) in automotives demands a hard look at the direction design should take in this space, and it's up to OEMs to design around the experience, not the technology.
Metanomics is a weekly Web-based show on the serious uses of virtual worlds. This transcript is from a past show.
For this and other videos, visit us at http://metanomics.net.
New Year and new ideas! This month we want to boost our students’ creativity when discussing a relevant topic: transport. Our B2 First and C1 Advanced students can talk about what the transport of the future will be like while they improve their English. Our B1 Preliminary and B2 First learners will reflect upon how transport has changed while they practise their speaking. Finally, our young learners can put their inventors’ hat on and design the bike of the future. Happy teaching!
Short servicestories 3_fluegge_the future of the city - services for the futu...Barbara Fluegge
This Story is about the opportunities and potential any city and metropolitan region has. Not only by mobile innovation but also service driven innovation the potential is huge. My Short Service Story series is about how to serve customers and businesses better, setting a clearer focus on business services rather than be tied into a product-solely offering attitude. Servitization is a term that sets the trend for service orientation and spans the relevant steps from service design, validation, execution towards evaluation and re-design. Successful businesses execute Servitization within their company strategy. It is not only the execution as such but guiding their organization from within towards their ecosystem of business partners, customers, and influencers. Happy Serving!
Mike Spack is an alumnus of the University of Minnesota who started his own traffic engineering consulting company called Spack Consulting. He has launched several innovations in traffic data collection that have made traffic studies more efficient and less costly. These innovations include developing camera-based systems for collecting traffic counts from video footage rather than having people manually count in the field. His company has grown significantly and now has over 1500 customers worldwide and provides traffic data collection equipment and services.
Dude, where's my car? The "complicated" relationship between the automotive i...Good Rebels
Millennials rely heavily on public transportation and other modes of transport like walking and cycling for their daily commutes, as only 22% regularly drive their own vehicle. Car ownership levels are declining amongst Millennials, with only 36% owning a car in 2014 compared to 42% in 2007. Millennials view cars as a functional necessity rather than something enjoyed for leisure, and cite high costs as the main reason for relying on alternatives to driving.
Design Careers in the Science Fiction FutureBill DeRouchey
What design challenges may exist when today’s junior designers are tomorrow’s design leaders? This extrapolates on current technology trends to speculate on what new design challenges may develop over the next 20 years, and how we can prepare ourselves for the unknown future.
Tokyo can be considered a smart city in some respects but also has room for improvement. While traffic congestion makes movement difficult, public transportation is announced in many languages to accommodate foreigners. Singapore has succeeded as a smart city through advanced urban planning, internet infrastructure, and clean energy use. Creating an intuitive smart city requires considering diverse users and improving public transportation systems.
Fluor has a legacy of creating and driving innovation in construction design and techniques since introducing scale models in 1951. As technology advances, new ideas will continue to revolutionize how people work and locate destinations, from haptic shoes guided by GPS to 3D printing of textures. By 2020, 30 billion internet-connected devices will be in use across various sectors, requiring companies like Fluor to continuously innovate and welcome new ideas to remain successful and competitive in the future.
eZ Unconference#2 - Future of the internet 2020 - C. Zahneissen (cpo)eZ Publish Community
This document discusses predictions for the future of the internet and web in 2020 and beyond. It notes that the digital universe will be 44 times larger than a decade prior, with 50 billion devices connected to the internet and 6 billion mobile users. The digital and physical worlds will continue merging through technologies like augmented reality glasses and implanted devices. User experience will be key, with experiences expected to flow across contexts and devices. The future web will be accessible anywhere, anytime, and on any device through multi-channel and user experience platforms.
This document discusses predictions for the future of communication technology in 10 years, or by 2028. It suggests that classrooms will increasingly utilize technology like iPads and projectors, with fewer printed books. 3D printing will allow on-demand manufacturing of physical items. Driverless cars are predicted to be common by 2028 and safer than human-driven vehicles. Streaming services and online shopping will provide even faster gratification. People will grow more reliant on media through virtual reality and mobile access, increasing media's influence.
This document discusses the emerging "semantic web" and its implications for market research. The semantic web leverages the vast amount of online data and computers' increasing ability to understand meaning. It will allow computers to intelligently gather and structure information. This will transform market research by providing a robust dataset of citizen insights and opinions online. Researchers may no longer need to directly survey respondents, as answers could already exist online. While this could significantly reduce costs, it also raises ethical issues around using people's public comments for commercial purposes. Adapting to the semantic web may require changes to how researchers work, the skills they need, and their relationship with respondents.
This document discusses communication technologies and how they may evolve by 2028. It predicts that self-driving cars will be commonplace and safer than human-driven vehicles. Phone watches will be independent of phones and allow calls and notifications. Reading glasses will use audio to read text aloud to the user. Electronic books will replace paper books in schools. 3D printing will be more accessible to create visual aids for learning.
Doteveryone conducted research that found a lack of public understanding around how digital technologies work and collect personal information, leading to unease and distrust. Their research also showed that people experience technology within their communities and jobs, not just between themselves and screens. As a result, Doteveryone advocates for context-centric design that considers how digital technologies impact societies and communities, not just individual users, in order to avoid unintended consequences and better meet user needs.
Hastening Trends Around Cloud, Mobile, Push Application Transformation as Pri...Dana Gardner
Edited transcript of a sponsored podcast discussion on converging forces that will compel enterprises to take a close look at their application portfolios.
Hastening Trends Around Cloud, Mobile, Push Application Transformation as Pri...
Maher_interview
1. An interview with:
Andrew Maher
By Idil Gaziulusoy
Andrew Maher is Region Leader of Arup University. Previously
he established Digital Innovation at Arup and developed new
ways of working, delivering and communicating services
using the latest technological capabilities. He leads Arup’s
corporate R&D function in the region focusing on development
of innovation strategy and foresight. Between 2002-2007 he
was a Research Fellow at Spatial Information Architecture
Laboratory at RMIT University. In addition to architecture,
Andrew has a background in business and foresight.
Andrew Maher was interviewed as part of the “Visions &
Pathways 2040” project, about the future of Australian cities.
Andrew, please tell me how your work relates to the future
of cities.
Andrew Maher (AM): 10 years ago, in Arup, we were probably
around 4 thousand people globally; now we’re about 13
thousand people. Previously we focused on buildings but
we observed that in the past ten years the main growth has
been outside of the buildings group and mostly around urban
planning, transport systems, economics, disciplines like that.
We’ve been thinking about what that means. This year our
annual design book is entitled “Stories about Designing Cities”
and strategically we see our work is in cities and we think
about the future of cities a lot.
You also have a foresight background. Can you open up
how Arup foresight links to the work on cities?
AM: We package those two together. We have our ongoing
learning, our research, and foresight work. The knowledge
sharing component and all of our skills communities, are based
around our various disciplines. There’s about 45 of those. They
all fit under this umbrella which is the internal university called
the Arup University. Foresight is one of those things and it fits
nicely with research. We do research for “new”, which might
be 3 to 5 years. Then we do research for “next”, which is
20-40 year horizon Foresight team looks at where we can see
aspects of the future and pull those things together including
user stories of the future.
You’re obviously doing a lot of thinking about the future of
cities. If you imagine now that we are in 2040 and the city
we’re living in is radically low carbon and resilient, what
does it look and feel like?
AM: I would think personally that it might not look a lot different
to what we have today because our building stock lasts for so
long. One of the things we’ve been thinking is that by 2040
autonomous vehicles should be prevalent. So the way that
we occupy our road systems and the way that we use our
transport networks will radically change and that will have
major impact on what we use the spaces within our cities for.
How we power our transport systems may radically change
and we’re doing some work with people that are looking at
large scale solar research. They’re looking to see if they can
augment power to trams through solar. So, I think by 2040,
rather than everybody individually having solar cells all over
the place, we will have in conjunction with that large-scale
generation of renewable energy. We’ve just finished a research
project with the University of Melbourne on the Internet of
Things collaborating with the City of Melbourne. Lots of things
will become connected and a whole lot of new services will
be offered for better utilisation of current infrastructure. Some
people in Arup have been talking about the systems within
buildings and the possibility of manufacturers putting the
components they supply on lease agreements. Would you
get a different set of behaviours if the systems in buildings
were retrofitted and owned by a company and they would
be monitoring and maintaining them all the time. This is an
example of an application of the coming instrumentation of the
built environment and the industrial internet of things that will
have significant implications on becoming low-carbon in cities.
You talked about autonomous vehicles. What kind of a role
do you think autonomous vehicles will be playing in 2040
in terms of making it low carbon and resilient?
AM: I think with autonomous vehicles it’s still very much around
how they’re powered and so not powering them through the
burning of fossil fuels would be very important. We think that
there won’t necessarily be fewer vehicles but there might be
different vehicles for different types of things. So little delivery
vehicles or drones delivering and doing certain types of things.
The vehicles will more efficiently use the current set of roads
and some of the interesting questions that will come out of
that is if all of these vehicles understand where they’re going
and how best to move through the city and how to be routed
through then what happens to pedestrians for example. How
do you interact with them? And also that goes for cyclists
too. So I think there’s going to be a whole bunch of really
interesting questions that come up as more systems need to
be developed and integrated.
Do you think that autonomous vehicles will play also a
major role in human transport?
AM: Yeah. I’m really looking forward to them. I don’t particularly
like driving. If I can dial up a car and have it there waiting for
me when I need to go somewhere and then it goes off and
does it’s own thing and another car comes along and picks me
up when I’m finished, I’d be more than happy. So, it’s not an
ownership model; there could be a model in which vehicles will
be available when and where you need them.
2. Looking at the signals, what kind of jobs and new skills will
we need by 2040?
AM: What skills we will be attaining by 2040 fascinates me,
especially as a parent. In terms of the people who work
at Arup we’re completely changing the workplace at the
moment. Completely. I think most workplaces are similar to
when I was a graduate 20 years back and yet there has been
large scale changes within society, especially around how we
communicate. I mentioned earlier the research we were doing
with the City of Melbourne and the University of Melbourne on
the Internet of Things. It was really challenging to install these
little devices in the city. It was difficult to get power to them.
They are potentially difficult to maintain. Some devices broke
down quite a lot…So you start think to think, well, who are the
people that are going to go around and monitor these things
and install them? So here are two sorts of people we will need.
There’ll be people who develop processes for automation
applying new sorts of skills that they’re learning. But also, we
still have silos of information and one of the things that I think
are going to be really important is how we connect those silos
together. And on the existence of silos, we’re going to need to
have people who navigate those silos, collect, integrate and
communicate knowledge in forms applicable to increasingly
more interconnected systems. So, I cannot tell you about job
titles but there’ll be specialists who make new things and who
look after new sorts of things that we will need and there’ll
be generalists who are going to be able to tell the stories and
connect.
Are there any particular barriers that you see for a hopeful
future to emerge?
AM: A few years ago, I may have articulated a dystopian view
of the future for you but I’ve completely changed my thinking.
I think we will use resources much more efficiently. There will
be amazing new occupations and skills. Completely new
disciplines will emerge and I think I’m going to look at it in 2040
if I’m around and be amazed. One of the things that really
concern me at the moment though is the lack of opportunities
for the younger people to engage with software. Building
things, prototyping things and also programming. Because we
need to provide people with those sorts of skills and from a
very young age. I think access to capital is an interesting one
as well because while there’re things like Kickstarter and all
that sort of thing, generally developing an appetite for risk with
respect to investment in Australia will be a challenge.
What are the three most important disruptive forces at the
moment that will change the cities towards becoming low
carbon and resilient?
Ubiquitous computing, sharing economy and large scale
energy storage.
Andrew, thank you so much for your time.