A short presentation about Mahatma Gandhi and his quotes to learn and follow.

1. Mahatma Gandhi:Mahatma Gandhi:
1869-19481869-1948

2. Consider:Consider:
 Strength does not comeStrength does not come
from physical capacity. Itfrom physical capacity. It
comes from ancomes from an
indomitableindomitable(very brave and(very brave and
determined)determined) will.will.
 The weak can neverThe weak can never
forgive. Forgiveness is theforgive. Forgiveness is the
attribute of the strong.attribute of the strong.
 Whatever you do will beWhatever you do will be
insignificant, but it is veryinsignificant, but it is very
important that you do it.important that you do it.

3. Consider:Consider:
 When I despairWhen I despair(feeling hopeless)(feeling hopeless), I, I
remember that all through historyremember that all through history
the ways of truth and love havethe ways of truth and love have
always won. There have been tyrants,always won. There have been tyrants,
and murderers, and for a time theyand murderers, and for a time they
can seem invincible, but in the endcan seem invincible, but in the end
they always fall. Think of it--always.they always fall. Think of it--always.
 You must be the change you want toYou must be the change you want to
see in the world.see in the world.
 You must not lose faith in humanity.You must not lose faith in humanity.
Humanity is an ocean; if a few dropsHumanity is an ocean; if a few drops
of the ocean are dirty, the ocean doesof the ocean are dirty, the ocean does
not become dirty.not become dirty.

4. Consider:Consider:
 What difference does it make to the dead, theWhat difference does it make to the dead, the
orphans and the homeless, whether the madorphans and the homeless, whether the mad
destruction is wrought under the name ofdestruction is wrought under the name of
totalitarianism or the holy name of liberty ortotalitarianism or the holy name of liberty or
democracy? ~ Mahatma Gandhi, "Non-democracy? ~ Mahatma Gandhi, "Non-
Violence in Peace and War“Violence in Peace and War“
 Victory attained by violence is tantamount to aVictory attained by violence is tantamount to a
defeat, for it is momentary. ~ 'Satyagrahadefeat, for it is momentary. ~ 'Satyagraha
Leaflet No. 13,' May 3, 1919.Leaflet No. 13,' May 3, 1919.
 - An eye for an eye makes the whole world- An eye for an eye makes the whole world
blind.blind.
 Freedom is not worth having if it does notFreedom is not worth having if it does not
connote freedom to err. It passes myconnote freedom to err. It passes my
comprehension how human beings, be theycomprehension how human beings, be they
ever so experienced and able, can delight inever so experienced and able, can delight in
depriving other human beings of that preciousdepriving other human beings of that precious
right.right.

5. Consider quote about Non-Violence:Consider quote about Non-Violence:
 To those who preached violence and calledTo those who preached violence and called
nonviolent actionists cowards, he replied: “nonviolent actionists cowards, he replied: “I doI do
believe that, where there is only a choice between cowardicebelieve that, where there is only a choice between cowardice
and violence, I would advise violence....I would ratherand violence, I would advise violence....I would rather
have India resort to arms in order to defend her honourhave India resort to arms in order to defend her honour
than that she should, in a cowardly manner, become orthan that she should, in a cowardly manner, become or
remain a helpless witness to her own dishonour....But Iremain a helpless witness to her own dishonour....But I
believe that nonviolence is infinitely superior to violence,believe that nonviolence is infinitely superior to violence,
forgiveness is more manly than punishmentforgiveness is more manly than punishment.”.”

6. What was Gandhi’s view of non-violence?What was Gandhi’s view of non-violence?
 ““Satyagraha” is the ‘force’ of truth and love.”Satyagraha” is the ‘force’ of truth and love.”
 In contrast to civil disobedience which is to defeat theIn contrast to civil disobedience which is to defeat the
opponent or frustrate the opponent’s objectives or achieveopponent or frustrate the opponent’s objectives or achieve
one’s own objectives, Gandhi’s notion of non-violence is:one’s own objectives, Gandhi’s notion of non-violence is:
 ““The Satyagrahi’s object is to convert, not to coerce, theThe Satyagrahi’s object is to convert, not to coerce, the
wrong-doer.”wrong-doer.”
 Success is defined as cooperating with the opponent to meet aSuccess is defined as cooperating with the opponent to meet a
just end that the opponent is unwittingly obstructing. Thejust end that the opponent is unwittingly obstructing. The
opponent must be converted, at least as far as to stopopponent must be converted, at least as far as to stop
obstructing the just end, for this cooperation to take place.obstructing the just end, for this cooperation to take place.

7. What was Gandhi’s view of non-violence?What was Gandhi’s view of non-violence?
 The means and ends are inseparable. You do not achieveThe means and ends are inseparable. You do not achieve
peace with violence but peace with peace.peace with violence but peace with peace.
As Gandhi wrote: “They say, 'means are, after all, means'. IAs Gandhi wrote: “They say, 'means are, after all, means'. I
would say, 'means are, after all, everything'. As the means sowould say, 'means are, after all, everything'. As the means so
the end...”the end...”

8. Satyagrapha vs. Duragrapha:Satyagrapha vs. Duragrapha:
Satygrapha is the ‘force’
of truth and love:
Goal: End antagonism
without harming the
antagonists by
transforming the
antagonist.
Means & End:
Truth and love.
Focus: Moral power.
Duragrapha is the “force of
bias.” Passive resistance:
Goal: End antagonism even
if that means harassing the
antagonists without personal
transformation of truth and
love.
Means & End:
Selfish Obstinacy
Focus: Physical Power.

9. In response to Duragrapha:In response to Duragrapha:
He wrote: “There must be no impatience, no
barbarity, no insolence, no undue pressure. If we
want to cultivate a true spirit of democracy, we
cannot afford to be intolerant. Intolerance
betrays want of faith in one's cause.”

10. 11 Principles of Satyagraha to follow:11 Principles of Satyagraha to follow:
1.1. NonviolenceNonviolence
2.2. Truth (includes honesty, but goes beyond it to meanTruth (includes honesty, but goes beyond it to mean
livingliving fully in accord with and in devotion to that whichfully in accord with and in devotion to that which
is true)is true)
3.3. Non-stealingNon-stealing
4.4. Chastity (includes both sexual chastity & subordination ofChastity (includes both sexual chastity & subordination of
other sensual desires to the primary devotion to truth)other sensual desires to the primary devotion to truth)
5.5. Non-possession (not the same as poverty)Non-possession (not the same as poverty)
6.6. Body-labor or bread-laborBody-labor or bread-labor
7.7. Control of the palateControl of the palate
8.8. FearlessnessFearlessness
9.9. Equal respect for all religionsEqual respect for all religions
10.10. Economic strategy such as boycottsEconomic strategy such as boycotts
11.11. Freedom from untouchabilityFreedom from untouchability

11. Series of Rules for Resistance that were proposed by Gandhi:Series of Rules for Resistance that were proposed by Gandhi:
1.1. Harbor no anger;Harbor no anger;
2.2. Suffer the anger of theSuffer the anger of the
opponent;opponent;
3.3. Never retaliate to assaultsNever retaliate to assaults
or punishment; but door punishment; but do
not submit, out of fear ofnot submit, out of fear of
punishment or assault, topunishment or assault, to
an order given in anger;an order given in anger;

12. Series of Rules for Resistance that were proposed by Gandhi:Series of Rules for Resistance that were proposed by Gandhi:
4.4. Voluntarily submit toVoluntarily submit to
arrest or confiscation ofarrest or confiscation of
your own property;your own property;
5.5. If you are a trustee ofIf you are a trustee of
property, defend thatproperty, defend that
property (non-violently)property (non-violently)
from confiscation withfrom confiscation with
your life;your life;
6.6. Do not curse or swear;Do not curse or swear;
7.7. Do not insult theDo not insult the
opponent;opponent;

13. Series of Rules forSeries of Rules for
Resistance:Resistance:
8.8. Neither salute nor insult theNeither salute nor insult the
flag of your opponent or yourflag of your opponent or your
opponent’s leaders;opponent’s leaders;
99 If anyone attempts to insult orIf anyone attempts to insult or
assault your opponent, defendassault your opponent, defend
your opponent (non-violently)your opponent (non-violently)
with your life;with your life;
10.10. As a prisoner, behaveAs a prisoner, behave
courteously and obey prisoncourteously and obey prison
regulations (except any thatregulations (except any that
are contrary to self-respect);are contrary to self-respect);
11.11. As a prisoner, do not ask forAs a prisoner, do not ask for
special favorable treatment.special favorable treatment.

14. 12.12. As a prisoner, do not fast inAs a prisoner, do not fast in
an attempt to gainan attempt to gain
conveniences whoseconveniences whose
deprivation does not involvedeprivation does not involve
any injury to your self-any injury to your self-
respect;respect;
13.13. Joyfully obey the orders ofJoyfully obey the orders of
the leaders of the civilthe leaders of the civil
disobedience action;disobedience action;
14.14. Do not pick and chooseDo not pick and choose
amongst the orders youamongst the orders you
obey; if you find the actionobey; if you find the action
as a whole improper oras a whole improper or
immoral, sever yourimmoral, sever your
connection with the actionconnection with the action
entirelyentirely

15. Series of Rules for Resistance:Series of Rules for Resistance:
15.15. Do not make yourDo not make your
participationparticipation
conditional on yourconditional on your
comrades taking care ofcomrades taking care of
your dependents whileyour dependents while
you are engaging in theyou are engaging in the
campaign or are incampaign or are in
prison; do not expectprison; do not expect
them to provide suchthem to provide such
support ;support ;
16.16. Do not become a causeDo not become a cause
of communal quarrels;of communal quarrels;

16. Series of Rules for Resistance:Series of Rules for Resistance:
17.17. Do not take sides in suchDo not take sides in such
quarrels, but assist onlyquarrels, but assist only
that party which isthat party which is
demonstrably in the right;demonstrably in the right;
in the case of inter-religiousin the case of inter-religious
conflict, give your life toconflict, give your life to
protect (non-violently) thoseprotect (non-violently) those
in danger on either side;in danger on either side;
18.18. Avoid occasions that mayAvoid occasions that may
give rise to communalgive rise to communal
quarrels;quarrels;
19.19. Do not take part inDo not take part in
processions that wouldprocessions that would
wound the religiouswound the religious
sensibilities of any.sensibilities of any.

17. What was Gandhi’s view of non-violence?What was Gandhi’s view of non-violence?
 The theory of satyagraha sees means and ends as inseparable. TheThe theory of satyagraha sees means and ends as inseparable. The
means used to obtain an end are wrapped up and attached to thatmeans used to obtain an end are wrapped up and attached to that
end. Therefore, it is contradictory to try to use unjust means toend. Therefore, it is contradictory to try to use unjust means to
obtain justice or to try to use violence to obtain peace. As Gandhiobtain justice or to try to use violence to obtain peace. As Gandhi
wrote: “They say, 'means are, after all, means'. I would say, 'meanswrote: “They say, 'means are, after all, means'. I would say, 'means
are, after all, everything'. As the means so the end...”are, after all, everything'. As the means so the end...”
 Gandhi used an example to explain this:Gandhi used an example to explain this:
 ““If I want to deprive you of your watch, I shall certainly have toIf I want to deprive you of your watch, I shall certainly have to
fight for it; if I want to buy your watch, I shall have to pay for it;fight for it; if I want to buy your watch, I shall have to pay for it;
and if I want a gift, I shall have to plead for it; and, according toand if I want a gift, I shall have to plead for it; and, according to
the means I employ, the watch is stolen property, my ownthe means I employ, the watch is stolen property, my own
property, or a donation.property, or a donation.

18. What was Gandhi’s view of non-violence?What was Gandhi’s view of non-violence?
 Gandhi rejected the idea that injustice should, or even could, beGandhi rejected the idea that injustice should, or even could, be
fought against “by any means necessary” — if you use violent,fought against “by any means necessary” — if you use violent,
coercive, unjust means, whatever ends you produce will necessarilycoercive, unjust means, whatever ends you produce will necessarily
embed that injustice. To those who preached violence and calledembed that injustice. To those who preached violence and called
nonviolent actionists cowards, he replied:nonviolent actionists cowards, he replied:
““I do believe that, where there is only a choice betweenI do believe that, where there is only a choice between
cowardice and violence, I would advise violence....I wouldcowardice and violence, I would advise violence....I would
rather have India resort to arms in order to defend her honourrather have India resort to arms in order to defend her honour
than that she should, in a cowardly manner, become or remain athan that she should, in a cowardly manner, become or remain a
helpless witness to her own dishonour....But I believe thathelpless witness to her own dishonour....But I believe that
nonviolence is infinitely superior to violence, forgiveness isnonviolence is infinitely superior to violence, forgiveness is
more manly than punishment.”more manly than punishment.”

19. Gandhi identified 7 deadly social sins:Gandhi identified 7 deadly social sins:
““Politics without principle; Wealth withoutPolitics without principle; Wealth without
work; Commerce without morality; Pleasurework; Commerce without morality; Pleasure
without conscience; Education withoutwithout conscience; Education without
character; Science without humanity; Worshipcharacter; Science without humanity; Worship
without sacrifice.”without sacrifice.”