Nature Nights: A Low-to-No Snow FutureDesLandTrust
Mountain snowpacks have historically acted as large, natural reservoirs of water, as well as providing awesome recreational opportunities. In recent decades, however, snowpack has declined—another sign of a changing climate. If our climate continues to warm, snow loss will be exacerbated across the Western US, termed a “low-to-no snow future.” Join the Deschutes Land Trust, Dr. Alan Rhoades, and Dr. Erica Siirila-Woodburn to learn about the possibility of a low-to-no snow future in the Cascades. Dr. Rhoades and Dr. Siirila-Woodburn will offer proactive solutions to both mitigate the extent of and adapt to the changing conditions of a low-to-no snow future. Learn how you can help make a difference in our (hopefully!) snowy future.
Slides from the Deschutes Land Trust's Nature Night presentation by Dr. Tara Cornelisse, Senior Scientist with the Endangered Species Program at the Center for Biological Diversity considering the importance of insects in our environment.
Slides from the Deschutes Land Trust's Nature Night presentation by Dr. Susanne Brander, researcher at Oregon State University considering the impacts of microplastic pollution on our environment.
Every river, stream, and creek is unique and cannot be replaced by anything else. While rivers are a natural resource that provides a wide range of benefits, they are worth more to society than just their economic value. Join Deschutes Land Trust and river scientist Dr. Colin Thorne as we explore the dignity of rivers, or the innate right rivers have to be valued, respected, and to receive ethical treatment. Recently, rivers in India, New Zealand, Colombia, and Bangladesh have been granted the same legal rights as people. In a US context, this is a somewhat radical concept of the river, but a critical one. Colin proposes that the sustainability of our rivers will only be assured when the communities that surround and benefit from them choose to not only restore the functionality of their rivers but also to respect the dignity of their rivers.
Learn key takeaways from Colin's presentation.
Slides from the Deschutes Land Trust's Nature Night presentation by Elizabeth Woody, Executive Director at The Museum at Warm Springs considering the connections between people and the land.
Nature Nights: A Low-to-No Snow FutureDesLandTrust
Mountain snowpacks have historically acted as large, natural reservoirs of water, as well as providing awesome recreational opportunities. In recent decades, however, snowpack has declined—another sign of a changing climate. If our climate continues to warm, snow loss will be exacerbated across the Western US, termed a “low-to-no snow future.” Join the Deschutes Land Trust, Dr. Alan Rhoades, and Dr. Erica Siirila-Woodburn to learn about the possibility of a low-to-no snow future in the Cascades. Dr. Rhoades and Dr. Siirila-Woodburn will offer proactive solutions to both mitigate the extent of and adapt to the changing conditions of a low-to-no snow future. Learn how you can help make a difference in our (hopefully!) snowy future.
Slides from the Deschutes Land Trust's Nature Night presentation by Dr. Tara Cornelisse, Senior Scientist with the Endangered Species Program at the Center for Biological Diversity considering the importance of insects in our environment.
Slides from the Deschutes Land Trust's Nature Night presentation by Dr. Susanne Brander, researcher at Oregon State University considering the impacts of microplastic pollution on our environment.
Every river, stream, and creek is unique and cannot be replaced by anything else. While rivers are a natural resource that provides a wide range of benefits, they are worth more to society than just their economic value. Join Deschutes Land Trust and river scientist Dr. Colin Thorne as we explore the dignity of rivers, or the innate right rivers have to be valued, respected, and to receive ethical treatment. Recently, rivers in India, New Zealand, Colombia, and Bangladesh have been granted the same legal rights as people. In a US context, this is a somewhat radical concept of the river, but a critical one. Colin proposes that the sustainability of our rivers will only be assured when the communities that surround and benefit from them choose to not only restore the functionality of their rivers but also to respect the dignity of their rivers.
Learn key takeaways from Colin's presentation.
Slides from the Deschutes Land Trust's Nature Night presentation by Elizabeth Woody, Executive Director at The Museum at Warm Springs considering the connections between people and the land.
Nature Night: Diversity in Recreation Central OregonDesLandTrust
Slides from the Deschutes Land Trust's 2019 Nature Night presenter Dr. Ashley D'Antonio's presentation on how recreation in Central Oregon can become more inclusive and equitable.
Wildlife and recreation_Brock_McCormickDesLandTrust
The ever-increasing demand for outdoor recreation opportunity has challenged traditional approaches to wildlife management, creating a need to develop new ways to accommodate recreation development while still protecting wildlife and other valuable resources. Join Brock McCormick, Wildlife Biologist for the U.S. Forest Service for a discussion of outdoor recreation, its impacts on wildlife species and how we might balance the interests and benefits of recreational users with other resource needs and land uses.
My Life on Trails--What a Cougar Taught Me About ConservationDesLandTrust
Trails play a major role in the life of many Central Oregonians—whether in city parks or mountain wilderness. But have you ever thought about how those trails came to be? Join 27-year Deschutes National Forest trails specialist John Schubert for an evening on trails. Learn about the rich history of trails and how contemporary design, construction, and maintenance strive to minimize our impacts on nature. Finally, John, renowned trail designer and bridge builder across the country, will share tips on how people who love trails can reduce their own impacts while using them.
Cougar Conservation in the 21st Century by Rick HopkinsDesLandTrust
Our relationship with predators, particularly large predators, is driven by a fascination and curiosity that is primal. Cougars are one such species where human/predator interactions seem dramatic, but are nonetheless extremely rare. Join biologist Rick Hopkins to learn more about cougars and the conservation efforts needed to provide both habitat and connectivity for the species. Rick will explore the biology and ecology of cougars, the history of predator management and conservation including myths that are often perpetuated, and suggest a framework for modernizing predator management that promotes conservation.
Lichens--The extreme fungi by Daphne StoneDesLandTrust
Have you ever wondered what the neon tufts growing on our local junipers are? Then, join us for an illuminating evening about lichens! That neon green is actually a lichen: a fungus growing together with an alga to make a specialized growth form. Lichenologist Daphne Stone will take us on a tour of lichens: what they are, how they survive in diverse and often extreme habitats, and how they are different from other fungi. Then we will take a tour of interesting lichens around the Pacific Northwest, including lush lichens in coastal Oregon, lichens that fix nitrogen from the air in the Cascades, brilliant crustose lichens on rocks in dry areas, and delicate soil crust lichens that protect the deserts of eastern Oregon.
Salmon in the Deschutes by Don RatliffDesLandTrust
Large, ocean-going salmon historically returned annually to the Deschutes River and many of its tributaries. Today salmon and steelhead are coming back to their home waters after an absence of nearly 50 years. Join retired fisheries biologist Don Ratliff for an illustrated overview of salmon and steelhead in the Deschutes River basin. Learn about their historic and present distributions, their life histories, and how they fit into the extremely diverse river system that is the Deschutes River.
Deschutes Land Trust Nature Night: Oregon's Dragonflies and Damselflies by Ce...DesLandTrust
With evocative common names such as leaftail, jewelwing, and sprite, and more threatening nicknames like “Devil’s darning needle” and “horse stinger”, dragonflies and damselflies have long captured the human imagination. However, there is still much to be learned at the scientific level about these colorful, fierce, and fascinating insects. Join entomologist Celeste Searles Mazzacano for an exploration of dragonfly and damselfly ecology, life history, and conservation, with a focus on the species that inhabit Oregon’s rivers and wetlands. Discover the important roles they play in aquatic food chains, the threats they face, and their intriguing behaviors, such as the large annual migrations.
Videos played in the presentation:
Dragonfly metamorphosis video from David Attenborough: http://www.spike.com/video-clips/1zq3or/life-in-the-undergrowth-dragonfly
Dragonfly larvae hunting video from Nature Up Close: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-k-iG9d1go
Deschutes Land Trust Nature Night: Geology of Central Oregon's CascadesDesLandTrust
Volcanic activity has occurred in Central Oregon for the past 40 million years, and will likely continue in the future. The volcanoes scattered throughout Central Oregon make up one of the most active and diverse sections of the entire Cascade range. Join geologist Daniele McKay to explore the history of these volcanoes, from explosive eruptions to quiet lava flows. We'll examine deposits left behind by ancient volcanoes, and consider what future volcanic activity in Central Oregon might look like.
2014 Nature Night: Attracting Native Pollinators by Mace VaughanDesLandTrust
Mace Vaughan from the Xerces Society presents at the Deschutes Land Trust's Nature Night on Attracting Native Pollinators. Learn all about native bees, challenges they face, and how you can help.
2014 Nature Night: Central Oregon Wildflowers by Mark TurnerDesLandTrust
Central Oregon’s high desert country has diverse habitats from wet meadows to sage-steppe, ponderosa pine forests, and high elevation meadows and peaks. As a result, the area is home to a great number of species of native wildflowers, trees, and shrubs. Some are big, showy, and widespread. Others are tiny and easily overlooked. Join photographer and field guide author Mark Turner on a colorful, armchair exploration of some of his favorite Central Oregon plants. See rare or uncommon plants along with your showy favorites via Mark’s stunning photography.
2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie GordonDesLandTrust
In 2007, local geologists discovered one of the largest ancient volcanoes in the world right here in Central Oregon! Straddling three counties, the Crooked River Caldera encompasses 425 square miles, stretching from Smith Rock State Park nearly to Prineville reservoir. Join Ochoco National Forest geologist Carrie Gordon for a tour of this immense caldera and its volcanic history that is the story of Central Oregon. Learn about this ancient volcano’s catastrophic eruption and subsequent filling in that has shaped the landscape we see today.
Carrie Gordon is the Forest Geologist on the Ochoco National Forest and Crooked River National Grassland for the US. Forest Service. She holds a BA in Geology from Central Washington State College and is a Registered Geologist in the States of Oregon and Washington. Carrie has worked in Central Oregon since 1992 and was part of the team of geologists that discovered Central Oregon’s Crooked River Caldera. Carrie has had a life-long fascination with the land and the rocks, listening to the stories they tell.
Presentation from Deschutes Land Trust's Nature Night series. Maret Pajutee talks about fire and fire recovery after 2012's Pole Creek Fire near Sisters, Oregon. Maret is the District Ecologist for the Sisters Ranger District in Deschutes National Forest.
Three Sisters and Whychus Creek— A Geologic Past and PresentDesLandTrust
Join Ellen Morris Bishop, noted geologist, author, and photographer, for a talk on the geologic history of the Sisters and Whychus Creek. Ellen will discuss the geology of the Three Sisters region and the early volcanism revealed in Whychus Creek’s lower stretches.
Winter Nature Nights: Wolf Recovery in OregonDesLandTrust
Wolves have returned to Central Oregon for the first time in more than half a century. Learn more about these charismatic mammals from John Stephenson, the US Fish & Wildlife biologist in charge of wolf recovery in Oregon.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Nature Night: Diversity in Recreation Central OregonDesLandTrust
Slides from the Deschutes Land Trust's 2019 Nature Night presenter Dr. Ashley D'Antonio's presentation on how recreation in Central Oregon can become more inclusive and equitable.
Wildlife and recreation_Brock_McCormickDesLandTrust
The ever-increasing demand for outdoor recreation opportunity has challenged traditional approaches to wildlife management, creating a need to develop new ways to accommodate recreation development while still protecting wildlife and other valuable resources. Join Brock McCormick, Wildlife Biologist for the U.S. Forest Service for a discussion of outdoor recreation, its impacts on wildlife species and how we might balance the interests and benefits of recreational users with other resource needs and land uses.
My Life on Trails--What a Cougar Taught Me About ConservationDesLandTrust
Trails play a major role in the life of many Central Oregonians—whether in city parks or mountain wilderness. But have you ever thought about how those trails came to be? Join 27-year Deschutes National Forest trails specialist John Schubert for an evening on trails. Learn about the rich history of trails and how contemporary design, construction, and maintenance strive to minimize our impacts on nature. Finally, John, renowned trail designer and bridge builder across the country, will share tips on how people who love trails can reduce their own impacts while using them.
Cougar Conservation in the 21st Century by Rick HopkinsDesLandTrust
Our relationship with predators, particularly large predators, is driven by a fascination and curiosity that is primal. Cougars are one such species where human/predator interactions seem dramatic, but are nonetheless extremely rare. Join biologist Rick Hopkins to learn more about cougars and the conservation efforts needed to provide both habitat and connectivity for the species. Rick will explore the biology and ecology of cougars, the history of predator management and conservation including myths that are often perpetuated, and suggest a framework for modernizing predator management that promotes conservation.
Lichens--The extreme fungi by Daphne StoneDesLandTrust
Have you ever wondered what the neon tufts growing on our local junipers are? Then, join us for an illuminating evening about lichens! That neon green is actually a lichen: a fungus growing together with an alga to make a specialized growth form. Lichenologist Daphne Stone will take us on a tour of lichens: what they are, how they survive in diverse and often extreme habitats, and how they are different from other fungi. Then we will take a tour of interesting lichens around the Pacific Northwest, including lush lichens in coastal Oregon, lichens that fix nitrogen from the air in the Cascades, brilliant crustose lichens on rocks in dry areas, and delicate soil crust lichens that protect the deserts of eastern Oregon.
Salmon in the Deschutes by Don RatliffDesLandTrust
Large, ocean-going salmon historically returned annually to the Deschutes River and many of its tributaries. Today salmon and steelhead are coming back to their home waters after an absence of nearly 50 years. Join retired fisheries biologist Don Ratliff for an illustrated overview of salmon and steelhead in the Deschutes River basin. Learn about their historic and present distributions, their life histories, and how they fit into the extremely diverse river system that is the Deschutes River.
Deschutes Land Trust Nature Night: Oregon's Dragonflies and Damselflies by Ce...DesLandTrust
With evocative common names such as leaftail, jewelwing, and sprite, and more threatening nicknames like “Devil’s darning needle” and “horse stinger”, dragonflies and damselflies have long captured the human imagination. However, there is still much to be learned at the scientific level about these colorful, fierce, and fascinating insects. Join entomologist Celeste Searles Mazzacano for an exploration of dragonfly and damselfly ecology, life history, and conservation, with a focus on the species that inhabit Oregon’s rivers and wetlands. Discover the important roles they play in aquatic food chains, the threats they face, and their intriguing behaviors, such as the large annual migrations.
Videos played in the presentation:
Dragonfly metamorphosis video from David Attenborough: http://www.spike.com/video-clips/1zq3or/life-in-the-undergrowth-dragonfly
Dragonfly larvae hunting video from Nature Up Close: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-k-iG9d1go
Deschutes Land Trust Nature Night: Geology of Central Oregon's CascadesDesLandTrust
Volcanic activity has occurred in Central Oregon for the past 40 million years, and will likely continue in the future. The volcanoes scattered throughout Central Oregon make up one of the most active and diverse sections of the entire Cascade range. Join geologist Daniele McKay to explore the history of these volcanoes, from explosive eruptions to quiet lava flows. We'll examine deposits left behind by ancient volcanoes, and consider what future volcanic activity in Central Oregon might look like.
2014 Nature Night: Attracting Native Pollinators by Mace VaughanDesLandTrust
Mace Vaughan from the Xerces Society presents at the Deschutes Land Trust's Nature Night on Attracting Native Pollinators. Learn all about native bees, challenges they face, and how you can help.
2014 Nature Night: Central Oregon Wildflowers by Mark TurnerDesLandTrust
Central Oregon’s high desert country has diverse habitats from wet meadows to sage-steppe, ponderosa pine forests, and high elevation meadows and peaks. As a result, the area is home to a great number of species of native wildflowers, trees, and shrubs. Some are big, showy, and widespread. Others are tiny and easily overlooked. Join photographer and field guide author Mark Turner on a colorful, armchair exploration of some of his favorite Central Oregon plants. See rare or uncommon plants along with your showy favorites via Mark’s stunning photography.
2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie GordonDesLandTrust
In 2007, local geologists discovered one of the largest ancient volcanoes in the world right here in Central Oregon! Straddling three counties, the Crooked River Caldera encompasses 425 square miles, stretching from Smith Rock State Park nearly to Prineville reservoir. Join Ochoco National Forest geologist Carrie Gordon for a tour of this immense caldera and its volcanic history that is the story of Central Oregon. Learn about this ancient volcano’s catastrophic eruption and subsequent filling in that has shaped the landscape we see today.
Carrie Gordon is the Forest Geologist on the Ochoco National Forest and Crooked River National Grassland for the US. Forest Service. She holds a BA in Geology from Central Washington State College and is a Registered Geologist in the States of Oregon and Washington. Carrie has worked in Central Oregon since 1992 and was part of the team of geologists that discovered Central Oregon’s Crooked River Caldera. Carrie has had a life-long fascination with the land and the rocks, listening to the stories they tell.
Presentation from Deschutes Land Trust's Nature Night series. Maret Pajutee talks about fire and fire recovery after 2012's Pole Creek Fire near Sisters, Oregon. Maret is the District Ecologist for the Sisters Ranger District in Deschutes National Forest.
Three Sisters and Whychus Creek— A Geologic Past and PresentDesLandTrust
Join Ellen Morris Bishop, noted geologist, author, and photographer, for a talk on the geologic history of the Sisters and Whychus Creek. Ellen will discuss the geology of the Three Sisters region and the early volcanism revealed in Whychus Creek’s lower stretches.
Winter Nature Nights: Wolf Recovery in OregonDesLandTrust
Wolves have returned to Central Oregon for the first time in more than half a century. Learn more about these charismatic mammals from John Stephenson, the US Fish & Wildlife biologist in charge of wolf recovery in Oregon.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
44. lands in trust protected forever deschuteslandtrust.org
Challenges
45. lands in trust protected forever deschuteslandtrust.org
LucyEgertson
46. lands in trust protected forever deschuteslandtrust.org
Together, we can make a difference!
47. lands in trust protected forever deschuteslandtrust.org
Together, we can make a difference!
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Showy Milkweed
MattLavin,monarchbutterflygarden.net
49. lands in trust protected forever deschuteslandtrust.org
Narrowleaf Milkweed
Annie’sAnnuals&Perennials
50. lands in trust protected forever deschuteslandtrust.org
Together, we can make a difference!
51. lands in trust protected forever deschuteslandtrust.org
Together, we can make a difference!
Xerces Society
52. lands in trust protected forever deschuteslandtrust.org
Together, we can make a difference!
Monarch Butterflies in the
Pacific Northwest
53. lands in trust protected forever deschuteslandtrust.org
JayMather
Together, we can make a difference!
54. lands in trust protected forever deschuteslandtrust.org
JayMather
Together, we can make a difference!
55. lands in trust protected forever deschuteslandtrust.org
Together, we can make a difference!
56. lands in trust protected forever deschuteslandtrust.org
JayMather
Editor's Notes
Defining characteristics:
A small invertebrate (no spine) w 6 legs and generally 1-2 pairs of wings
Pexels.com
Note: a bug is a certain type of insect (all bugs are insects but not all insects are bugs!); all photos from Pexels website
Antennae!!
Monarch and male emperor moth (these don’t live here)
Male moths will often have really beautiful antennae w lots of branching – almost like a fern. Better for sensing female pheromones
Chrysalis – butterfly cats shed their final skin/instar and this is what is underneath
Cocoon - moth cats weave materials around their bodies
Moths are more than drab night fliers – they can be beautiful daytime fliers like this elegant day moth at the Metolius Preserve!
Antennae = smell!
Drab – but not a moth! A mourning cloak butterfly!
Puddling – swallowtails and checkerspot
(… and SCAT!)
Teeny tiny egg is laid on the butterfly’s host plant.
Host plant = particular type of plant that a spp of butterfly will lay its eggs on. Some butterflies will lay their eggs on one of several different types of plant. Others, like the monarch, will only lay their eggs on one kind. In this case, milkweed.
How many different kinds of butterflies do we have in Central Oregon?
20?
50? ….
~30 species of skippers in Oregon.
Note stout body shape and wing placement.
Silver spotted skipper, checkered skipper, woodland skipper?
Western tiger swallowtail – from pexel website
One of the most commonly observed butterflies in Cascadia
Compare to Pale Swallotail – which is almost white in contrast w the butter yellow of the Western
Oregon Swallowtail = declared the official state insect in 1979
We have Clodius and Mountain parnassians in Oregon – Clodius in our area.
Transparent wings – like waxed paper
Male Sara’s orang tip on prairie star (females have a yellow-ish cast)
Cabbage white – often mistaken for a moth (but look at the antennae!); very common; often seen in gardens
Western sulphur – check out the pink antennae!!!
LOTS of “little blue butterflies” – the males look very similar on top – vivid blue
But the undersides are all different….
This is what many of them look like on top. These are spring (echo) azures
Spring (echo) azures – puddling
Very blue on top, cool pattern underneath
Very common site for male blues
Anna’sblue
Melissa blue!!!
Cedar hairstreak on showy townsendia
Purplish copper
Called brushfoots b/c of reduced size front legs covered in tiny hairs – looks like they only have 4 legs, but they really have 6;
This one is a comma – note whitish comma on hindwing
Red admirial – common sight in gardens
Male, great spangled fritillary
Most frits look the same on top – like on this smiling child
Common wood nymph – aka Google-Eyed wood nymph!
Explain reason for eye spots
Note the difference btw male and female.
Some species = easy to tell the difference.
Many species = difficult/impossible w naked eye
How do butterflies spend the winter? (these are different spp, btw)
Monarchs Migrate!!
Changing daylight, changing temps, reduction of milkweed quality – all triggers
Use a sun-compass in their brain and circadian clocks in antennae
Explain map:
Fall migration red arrows – note all of ours go to CA (fly >40 miles/day, 1000+ miles)
Monarchs east of Rockies go to Mexico (fly >40 miles/day, up to 3000 miles!)
Our western monarchs flock to the CA coast to overwinter – congregations have been found at more than 400 sites along the coast from Mendocino County in the north to San Diego in the south.
They roost on pine, eucalyptus and other sturdy shrubs and trees.
Air is moist and cool enough to slow metabolisms but not cold enough to freeze them.
CA counties w majority of overwintering monarchs:
Alameda, Santa Cruz, Monterey, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara Counties
ASK ABOUT WEB PERMISSIONS
Most of the eastern monarch population overwinters in the Central Mexico highlands – in an area that is protected (World Heritage Site)
State of Michoacan, east of Mexico city
10,000’ elevation; oyamel fir trees (only 2% of the original forest remains!!)
Air is thin and moist and cool and the butters live off their fat reserves (b/c it’s cool, their metabolism slows, and they’re able to live longer off their fat reserves)
ASK SM WEB PERMISSIONS
Leap frog w each generation
2-4 generations (~3 for us) (depending on how far north you live and what the winter/spring weather was like, etc) of monarchs play leapfrog as they move north from the California coast. These monarchs live 2-5 weeks (long enough to travel north, mate and lay eggs).
Super generation (typically emerges late summer/early fall) fly many hundreds, even over 1000 miles, and live 6-9 months!! In contrast, the eastern monarchs may fly up to 3000 miles!
How do they know they’re the “supers”? Changing day length, temp conditions, and declining milkweed quality
Top 2 reasons for monarch decline:
1) Overwintering habitat loss (CA overwintering population is in severe decline. Down 74% since the late 1990’s (from millions of individuals to a couple hundred thousand).
Note small blue areas vs large expanses of spring/summer.
2) Also breeding habitat loss – need milkweed and nectar, shading/roosting areas
3)Migration routes – need milkweed and nectar, roosting areas
Parasites, Diseases and Predation
Tachinid Fly – lays eggs on caterpillars, larvae emerges and burrows into caterpillar, caterpillar “feeds” larvae – kills the caterpillar typically in final instar or chrysalis stage. Little maggot emerges
OE = Ophryocysits elektroscirrha – protozoan parasite that caterpillars ingest on milkweed. Spread through microscopic spores coming off the wings and bodies of adult butterflies. The protozoa multiply inside the cats and cause weakness, disfigurment and ultimately death. Typically don’t notice until chrysalis or butterfly emerges. One of the reasons to plant only native milkweed is b/c it dies back each year, controlling the spread of OE.
Many others!
Class of pesticides extremely toxic to bees and other pollinators and a major factor in pollinator declines. The chemical, called a systemic, moves throughout the entire plant, making pollen and nectar in flowers toxic. Both systemic and persistent, neonics continue to affect bees and other pollinators long after a spray, through soil absorption
ASK WEB PERMISSIONS
Climate change –
Can effect plant emergence and bloom times
More severe storms can wipe out hundreds and even thousands of overwinter butterflies
Wetter winters, drier summers – effects on the butterfly itself as well as food sources, migration timing, etc
2016 – started planting milkweed at LT properties
Still planting milkweed at LT properties – and look! They’re still excited about it!
Showy milkweed – as you can imagine is a fabulous nectar resource for MANY insects!
WEB PERMIS
Narrowleaf milkweed
Also – heartleaf milkweed native to Oregon but not as widely distributed and not here in CO
Mention cardenolides in milkweed, toxic compounds that are unpalatable to predators (of larger caterpillars and adult monarch butterflies); mention Viceroy?
WEB PERMIS
Plant variety of pollinator-friendly native plants (THAT HAVE NOT BEEN TREATED w PESTICIDES/HERBICIDES!!!), with bloom times that span Spring - Fall
Xerces Society = great resource for finding milkweed seed appropriate for where you live, milkweed mapping, monarch mapping, and MORE!
SOMA and MACO, Monarch Butterflies in the Pacific Northwest
Report tagged monarchs to David James at WSU; responsible rearing
Volunteer for the Land Trust!
Planting work parties
Weeding work parties
Milkweed monitors
If all else fails, dye your hair bright colors and enjoy the effects of attracting butterflies!
Eli’s hair won out over the giant sunflower!