Macro Economics Exam
Short Essays:
Please select and answer seven ( 7) of the following essay type questions.
A. Please explain with specific examples for each category: “Among risks the Fed is taking: that some programs won’t work, that officials won’t be able to unwind them, that politicians will grow accustomed to directing the central bank to fix problems its tools aren’t designed to solve, and that public discontent about the central bank’s choices will erode its authority over time. “ WSJ 04 28 2020
B. What specific Macro-economic phenomenon is being described. Explain how this phenomenon impacts the balance sheet of the Federal reserve and of a commercial bank, “The Fed has a unique power, the ability to create money by crediting banks with funds they can lend. That helps it guide the cost of money, which is the interest rate”
WSJ 04 28 2020.
C. Please describe four major initiatives that the Federal Reserve has undertaken, in order to address the impact of COVID-19 to the economy.
D. What does the “Bagehot’s Dictum,” refer to? Please explain in the context of the effect of the current effect of the COVID-19 to the economy.
E. Suppose the economy is suffering in a recessionary period. Firms are facing increasing inventories and individual consumers are increasing their saving to prepare for hard times ahead. What is likely to happen to the economy and can it correct itself and grow toward full employment in the short run? How is this different and how is it similar to the impact of the COVID-19 in the economy?
F. Describe the role of business inventory change in determining the equilibrium level of GDP and changes in the level of GDP.
G. Differentiate between an induced increase in consumption and an autonomous increase in consumption. How are they represented on a graph?
H. The expenditure schedule and the aggregate demand curve show much the same thing, with one crucial difference-the price level. How does the price level affect the two schedules?
I. Define the terms recessionary gap and inflationary gap. Why do they occur? Please frame your answer within the context of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
J. Why do booms and recessions tend to be transmitted across national borders? Please frame your answer within the context of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
K. The total expenditure schedule in Macroland begins with these initial levels (in billions of dollars): Income = 1,000; Consumption = 900; Investment = 200; Government = 300; Net Exports = −100. If the MPC = 0.75 and income increases in increments of 200, find the equilibrium level of income. If full employment requires an income level of 2,000, what (if anything) should the government do? Indicate both the direction of the spending change and the size of the spending change.
L. What is a multiplier? How does the multiplier effect occur? Please provide examples of at least three types of multipliers in an economy. Please provide some examples.
Eco 203 entire course principles of macroeconomicsProfessorLance
This document outlines an entire economics course covering macroeconomic principles and policies. It includes multiple discussion prompts and assignments on topics like human capital, opportunity costs, market allocation of resources, inflation, fiscal and monetary policy, government budget deficits, foreign investment, and economic transitions. Students are asked to discuss these topics, respond to classmates, and write a final paper on expansionary fiscal and monetary policy. The final paper must be 5-6 pages and include at least 4 scholarly sources on how governments use fiscal and monetary tools to stimulate aggregate demand, GDP, and employment during an economic recession.
Eco 203 entire course principles of macroeconomicsProfessorLance
This document outlines an entire economics course covering various macroeconomic topics. It includes 14 discussion prompts that require students to analyze concepts from the readings and respond to other students' posts. The readings cover topics such as economic systems, fiscal and monetary policy, inflation, unemployment, government spending, budget deficits, foreign investment, and transitioning economies. Students are asked to discuss how policies like government stimulus and central bank actions affect aggregates like GDP, spending, and employment. The final paper requires students to describe how the government would conduct expansionary fiscal and monetary policy to stimulate the economy out of recession.
1Practice with simple calculations related to Fiscal Polic.docxeugeniadean34240
1
Practice with simple calculations related to Fiscal Policy:
Question 1: According to Paul Krugman, the complex multiplier for the United States is about equal to 2. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 earmarked $787B in deficit spending, of which $330.4B was spent in 2009. (Total government deficits for 2009 were $1251.7B.) The increase in nominal GDP from 2009 to 2010 was $541.2B (3.8%). If we assume that this growth resulted from the ARRA stimulus package, what was the implied multiplier associated with the stimulus package?
Question 2: Look at disposable income, personal consumption and personal savings. What was the personal savings rate in the United States in 2011? (Use savings/disposable income, i.e. Average Propensity to Save.)
Question 3: What proportion of GDP was our federal government sector in 2010? (Divide federal government spending by GDP.) Per dollar of government spending, how much government spending was financed by government debt (negative savings) in 2010 at the federal level? (Divide negative federal government savings by federal government expenditure.)
Question 41: One popularly reported statistic for national economies is the Debt/GDP ratio. Total US Federal Debt in 2010 was $13.562 Trillion. What was our Debt/GDP ratio in 2010?
Question 5: Refer to Graph Set #2, the first picture entitled “Eurostat News Release.” How does the EU compare in the size of its public sector? (What percentage of GDP is government spending?) Are its government deficits larger or smaller than those of the US as a percentage of GDP in 2009?
Question 6: Government stimulus can take the form of increased spending or reduced taxes, or both. It creates government debt in both cases, but that debt affects the larger economy by different pathways. Can you answer each the following questions in one short sentence?
· The government increases spending without increasing taxes, and a deficit is generated:
· Where does the money to finance the deficit come from?
· How does this affect affordable credit for Investment and Consumption?
· How does it affect National Incomes? Who is the government paying money to when they make an expenditure?
· The government decreases taxes without decreasing spending, and a deficit is generated:
· Where does the money to finance the deficit come from?
· How does this affect affordable credit for Investment and Consumption?
· How does it affect personal savings rates (if personal taxes are lower)? How does it affect business savings rates, i.e. retained earnings, if profits taxes are lowered? How does it affect the cost of borrowed funds for businesses?
Monte-Carlo Option Pricing
This exercise uses observation that an option price can be calculated as a discounted risk-neutral expectation.
Context
This observation suggests that we could value an option by sampling many thousands, say, of possible asset prices, at , calculating the payoffs, taking their expected value and discounting th.
ANSWER SHEETIMPORTANT STUDENT PLEASE COMPLETE ALL INFORMATION B.docxrossskuddershamus
ANSWER SHEET
IMPORTANT: STUDENT PLEASE COMPLETE ALL INFORMATION BELOW BEFORE SUBMITTING BACK TO YOUR INSTRUCTOR/Assignment Folder.
STUDENT PLEDGE: By typing my name below, I am confirming that I have completed the answers to this final examination myself and to the best of my ability, and that I have used my own words (not plagiarized) to answer short answer and essay questions.
STUDENT NAME___Type Your Name Here___
DATE COMPLETED/SUBMITTED ___INSERT DATE_____
[To Student: All your answers should be entered on this Answer Sheet. Submit this Answer Sheet to your Assignment Folder when completed.]
Instructor: David Byres. Course: BIOL 101 Section: 6982
Due: This Answer sheet should be submitted to your Assignment Folder within 3 hours of downloading the Exam.
Latest deadline for submission: 11:59p.m. 7/26/2015
Multiple Choice (Answer 30 Questions)
Type in the letter that represents your best answer to the corresponding question from the original final exam document.
1. 16.
2. 17.
3. 18.
4. 19.
5. 20.
6. 21.
7. 22.
8. 23.
9. 24.
10. 25.
11. 26.
12. 27.
13. 28.
14. 29.
15. 30.
Short Answer (Answer 3 Questions)
Complete these answers in your own words. Follow instructions in the Final Examination document. Answer all questions according to the instructions. Number each question here according to its number in the Final Examination document provided by your instructor. Each answer should be between two paragraphs and half a page in length.
Essay (Answer 2 Questions)
Complete these answers in your own words. Follow instructions in the Final Examination document. Number each question here according to its number in the Final Examination document provided by your instructor. Each answer should be roughly one page in length.
103:
Intermediate
Macroeconomics
Homework
4
Due
on
23rd
July
2015
Topic
7a:
Income
and
Spending
Conceptual
questions:
1. We call the model of income determination developed in this chapter a Keynesian
one. What makes it Keynesian, as opposed to classical?
2. What is an autonomous variable? What components of aggregate demand have
we specified, in this chapter, as being autonomous?
3. Why do we call mechanisms such as proportional income taxes and the welfare
system automatic stabilizers? Choose one of these mechanisms and explain
carefully how and why it affects fluctuations in output.
4. Show analytically what happens to the budget surplus when government increases
its expenditures.
Technical Questions:
5. Here we investigate a particular example of the model studied in Sections 9-2 and
9-3 with no government. Suppose the consumption function is given by C = 100 +
.8Y, while investment is given by I = 50.
a. What is the equilibrium level of income in this case?
b..
This document provides solutions to an ECO 203 Week 2 Quiz. It includes solutions to 10 multiple choice questions covering topics like recessions, inflation, the business cycle, and aggregate supply/demand. It also provides prompts for online discussions on topics like human capital, the role of government, fiscal policy, and efforts to reduce budget deficits. Students are asked to review concepts from assigned readings and respond to other students' posts. A link is provided to access the full quiz solutions.
ECN211 Chapter 9 Worksheet – Inflation
1. Define inflation.
Section 9.1 – Tracking Inflation
2. What is meant by the basket of goods and services?
3. A. Fill in the missing cells below. Calculate total expenditures in the current year and in the base year.
Market Basket
Current Year Prices (per item)
Current-Year Expenditures
Base-Year Prices (per item)
Base-Year Expenditures
5 gallons of gas
$2.50
$2.00
10 packs of Top Ramon
$1.20
$1.50
4 bottles of Coca-Cola
$1.50
$1.25
8 frozen lasagna dinners
$5.00
$4.50
Total dollar expenditures: _____________ _________
4. Calculate the price index from the information in question 3. How much have average prices risen since the base year?
5. You discover that for a particular country, the price index increased from 212 to 218 between on year and the next. How much has the price level risen since the “base year”? What is the annual rate of inflation?
Section 9.2 – How Changes in the Cost of Living are Measured
6. What is the consumer price index (CPI)?
7. Discuss how measuring inflation can be misleading given the substitution bias and quality/new goods bias. How has the Bureau of Labor Statistics attempted to address it as of late?
8. List in order of biggest to smallest the eight major categories of the CPI (Figure 9.2).
9. How is core inflation index different from regular CPI?
10. Describe the other types of price indices
a. Producer Price Index (PPI)
b. International Price Index
c. Employment Cost Index
d. GDP deflator
Section 9.3 – How the US and Other Countries Experience Inflation
11. Assess the trends in the US price level and inflation rates over the last 100 years, as well as over the last 30 years (Figure 9.3).
12. Define deflation, and identify two areas in US economic history where it occurred.
13. Define hyperinflation and identify some examples of this through history.
Section 9.4– What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Long Run
14. Describe how high rates of inflation impacts the following groups :
a. Between those who save and lend money and those that borrow money
b. Employers and employees?
c. Retirees living on a fixed income?
15. Describe the trend in the minimum wage over the last 50 years (Figure 9.6).
16. How can high rates of inflation “blur” price signals for both buyers and sellers in an economy?
17. How can inflation make long-term planning more difficult for both workers/households and firms?
18. Why are low rates of inflation preferred to deflation?
19. How can inflation “oil the gears" or make the labor market for flexible?
Section 9.5– Indexing and its Limitations
20. What does it mean for price, wages, or interest rates to be “indexed”?
21. Describe “cost-of-living-adjustment ...
This document contains answers to questions for an Economics 203 Week 1 Quiz. It discusses topics like how income and demand relate, different types of investment, factors that can shift demand curves, production decisions regarding labor and technology, how price and quantity relate, the role of government in redistributing income and allocating resources, and more. It provides context and questions for online discussions on topics such as human capital, the roles of government and private sectors, impacts of changes in aggregate demand, how inflation affects different groups, fiscal policy approaches like stimulus packages, national debt and budget deficits, and efforts to reduce deficits.
Chapter 1 57.What is the difference between recession and de.docxsleeperharwell
Chapter 1
57.
What is the difference between recession and depression in an economy? Provide an example of depression from the real world that has hit the global economy.
Use the following to answer question 58:
Answer: When there is a mild fall in the gross domestic product (GDP) of an economy over a period of time it leads to recession in the economy. If the intensity of the fall in GDP is severe over a period of time, then it turns into a depression. Recession is cyclic in nature; that is, it repeats itself over a period of time in an economy. A famous example of depression is that of the Great Depression of the 1930s that occurred in the United States and affected the global economy. Even the financial crisis of 2008-2009 in the United States was very much reminiscent of the Great Depression.
58.
Refer to the following graph and identify the years for which Country A and Country B experienced recession.
Country A experienced its recession during 2003 and its early recovery during 2004. Country B experienced its first recession during 2002 and its early recovery in 2003. Country B experienced a second recession in 2007.
59.
Why do we call macroeconomics an imperfect science? Explain.
The study of macroeconomics depends mainly upon the historical data on different economies. Macroeconomists analyze these data to explain changes occurring in different economic parameters (income, prices, unemployment, etc.) and formulate policies. Additionally, macroeconomic studies cannot be conducted in controlled experiments, as in biology or chemistry, for example. In this way, macroeconomists are similar to weather forecasters.
60.
Are the terms “market clearing” and “equilibrium” one and the same? Explain.
Yes, both terms represent the same notion: the balance between supply and demand. It is the balancing point at which everything that is produced gets sold and fulfills the entire demand. Thus, if all other things remain constant, then there is no tendency to change the quantity supplied and demanded at this point.
61.
Do you agree with the statement, “macroeconomics rests on the foundation of microeconomics”? Explain.
Macroeconomics involves studying the aggregate of economic variables related to individual decision making parameters, which are microeconomic (think of individuals' expenses, investments, etc.). That is to say, the total expenditure in an economy is the aggregate (sum) of all the expenditures done by all consumers in that economy, or the total investment done in an economy is the aggregate (sum) of all individual investments done by firms in that economy. This reflects that macroeconomic study rests on the foundation of microeconomics.
62.
Give two examples of macroeconomic variables and microeconomic variables.
The income of your father is a microeconomic variable, while the gross domestic product (GDP) of your country is a macroeconomic variable. The money your father saves in the bank is a microeconomic va.
Eco 203 entire course principles of macroeconomicsProfessorLance
This document outlines an entire economics course covering macroeconomic principles and policies. It includes multiple discussion prompts and assignments on topics like human capital, opportunity costs, market allocation of resources, inflation, fiscal and monetary policy, government budget deficits, foreign investment, and economic transitions. Students are asked to discuss these topics, respond to classmates, and write a final paper on expansionary fiscal and monetary policy. The final paper must be 5-6 pages and include at least 4 scholarly sources on how governments use fiscal and monetary tools to stimulate aggregate demand, GDP, and employment during an economic recession.
Eco 203 entire course principles of macroeconomicsProfessorLance
This document outlines an entire economics course covering various macroeconomic topics. It includes 14 discussion prompts that require students to analyze concepts from the readings and respond to other students' posts. The readings cover topics such as economic systems, fiscal and monetary policy, inflation, unemployment, government spending, budget deficits, foreign investment, and transitioning economies. Students are asked to discuss how policies like government stimulus and central bank actions affect aggregates like GDP, spending, and employment. The final paper requires students to describe how the government would conduct expansionary fiscal and monetary policy to stimulate the economy out of recession.
1Practice with simple calculations related to Fiscal Polic.docxeugeniadean34240
1
Practice with simple calculations related to Fiscal Policy:
Question 1: According to Paul Krugman, the complex multiplier for the United States is about equal to 2. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 earmarked $787B in deficit spending, of which $330.4B was spent in 2009. (Total government deficits for 2009 were $1251.7B.) The increase in nominal GDP from 2009 to 2010 was $541.2B (3.8%). If we assume that this growth resulted from the ARRA stimulus package, what was the implied multiplier associated with the stimulus package?
Question 2: Look at disposable income, personal consumption and personal savings. What was the personal savings rate in the United States in 2011? (Use savings/disposable income, i.e. Average Propensity to Save.)
Question 3: What proportion of GDP was our federal government sector in 2010? (Divide federal government spending by GDP.) Per dollar of government spending, how much government spending was financed by government debt (negative savings) in 2010 at the federal level? (Divide negative federal government savings by federal government expenditure.)
Question 41: One popularly reported statistic for national economies is the Debt/GDP ratio. Total US Federal Debt in 2010 was $13.562 Trillion. What was our Debt/GDP ratio in 2010?
Question 5: Refer to Graph Set #2, the first picture entitled “Eurostat News Release.” How does the EU compare in the size of its public sector? (What percentage of GDP is government spending?) Are its government deficits larger or smaller than those of the US as a percentage of GDP in 2009?
Question 6: Government stimulus can take the form of increased spending or reduced taxes, or both. It creates government debt in both cases, but that debt affects the larger economy by different pathways. Can you answer each the following questions in one short sentence?
· The government increases spending without increasing taxes, and a deficit is generated:
· Where does the money to finance the deficit come from?
· How does this affect affordable credit for Investment and Consumption?
· How does it affect National Incomes? Who is the government paying money to when they make an expenditure?
· The government decreases taxes without decreasing spending, and a deficit is generated:
· Where does the money to finance the deficit come from?
· How does this affect affordable credit for Investment and Consumption?
· How does it affect personal savings rates (if personal taxes are lower)? How does it affect business savings rates, i.e. retained earnings, if profits taxes are lowered? How does it affect the cost of borrowed funds for businesses?
Monte-Carlo Option Pricing
This exercise uses observation that an option price can be calculated as a discounted risk-neutral expectation.
Context
This observation suggests that we could value an option by sampling many thousands, say, of possible asset prices, at , calculating the payoffs, taking their expected value and discounting th.
ANSWER SHEETIMPORTANT STUDENT PLEASE COMPLETE ALL INFORMATION B.docxrossskuddershamus
ANSWER SHEET
IMPORTANT: STUDENT PLEASE COMPLETE ALL INFORMATION BELOW BEFORE SUBMITTING BACK TO YOUR INSTRUCTOR/Assignment Folder.
STUDENT PLEDGE: By typing my name below, I am confirming that I have completed the answers to this final examination myself and to the best of my ability, and that I have used my own words (not plagiarized) to answer short answer and essay questions.
STUDENT NAME___Type Your Name Here___
DATE COMPLETED/SUBMITTED ___INSERT DATE_____
[To Student: All your answers should be entered on this Answer Sheet. Submit this Answer Sheet to your Assignment Folder when completed.]
Instructor: David Byres. Course: BIOL 101 Section: 6982
Due: This Answer sheet should be submitted to your Assignment Folder within 3 hours of downloading the Exam.
Latest deadline for submission: 11:59p.m. 7/26/2015
Multiple Choice (Answer 30 Questions)
Type in the letter that represents your best answer to the corresponding question from the original final exam document.
1. 16.
2. 17.
3. 18.
4. 19.
5. 20.
6. 21.
7. 22.
8. 23.
9. 24.
10. 25.
11. 26.
12. 27.
13. 28.
14. 29.
15. 30.
Short Answer (Answer 3 Questions)
Complete these answers in your own words. Follow instructions in the Final Examination document. Answer all questions according to the instructions. Number each question here according to its number in the Final Examination document provided by your instructor. Each answer should be between two paragraphs and half a page in length.
Essay (Answer 2 Questions)
Complete these answers in your own words. Follow instructions in the Final Examination document. Number each question here according to its number in the Final Examination document provided by your instructor. Each answer should be roughly one page in length.
103:
Intermediate
Macroeconomics
Homework
4
Due
on
23rd
July
2015
Topic
7a:
Income
and
Spending
Conceptual
questions:
1. We call the model of income determination developed in this chapter a Keynesian
one. What makes it Keynesian, as opposed to classical?
2. What is an autonomous variable? What components of aggregate demand have
we specified, in this chapter, as being autonomous?
3. Why do we call mechanisms such as proportional income taxes and the welfare
system automatic stabilizers? Choose one of these mechanisms and explain
carefully how and why it affects fluctuations in output.
4. Show analytically what happens to the budget surplus when government increases
its expenditures.
Technical Questions:
5. Here we investigate a particular example of the model studied in Sections 9-2 and
9-3 with no government. Suppose the consumption function is given by C = 100 +
.8Y, while investment is given by I = 50.
a. What is the equilibrium level of income in this case?
b..
This document provides solutions to an ECO 203 Week 2 Quiz. It includes solutions to 10 multiple choice questions covering topics like recessions, inflation, the business cycle, and aggregate supply/demand. It also provides prompts for online discussions on topics like human capital, the role of government, fiscal policy, and efforts to reduce budget deficits. Students are asked to review concepts from assigned readings and respond to other students' posts. A link is provided to access the full quiz solutions.
ECN211 Chapter 9 Worksheet – Inflation
1. Define inflation.
Section 9.1 – Tracking Inflation
2. What is meant by the basket of goods and services?
3. A. Fill in the missing cells below. Calculate total expenditures in the current year and in the base year.
Market Basket
Current Year Prices (per item)
Current-Year Expenditures
Base-Year Prices (per item)
Base-Year Expenditures
5 gallons of gas
$2.50
$2.00
10 packs of Top Ramon
$1.20
$1.50
4 bottles of Coca-Cola
$1.50
$1.25
8 frozen lasagna dinners
$5.00
$4.50
Total dollar expenditures: _____________ _________
4. Calculate the price index from the information in question 3. How much have average prices risen since the base year?
5. You discover that for a particular country, the price index increased from 212 to 218 between on year and the next. How much has the price level risen since the “base year”? What is the annual rate of inflation?
Section 9.2 – How Changes in the Cost of Living are Measured
6. What is the consumer price index (CPI)?
7. Discuss how measuring inflation can be misleading given the substitution bias and quality/new goods bias. How has the Bureau of Labor Statistics attempted to address it as of late?
8. List in order of biggest to smallest the eight major categories of the CPI (Figure 9.2).
9. How is core inflation index different from regular CPI?
10. Describe the other types of price indices
a. Producer Price Index (PPI)
b. International Price Index
c. Employment Cost Index
d. GDP deflator
Section 9.3 – How the US and Other Countries Experience Inflation
11. Assess the trends in the US price level and inflation rates over the last 100 years, as well as over the last 30 years (Figure 9.3).
12. Define deflation, and identify two areas in US economic history where it occurred.
13. Define hyperinflation and identify some examples of this through history.
Section 9.4– What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Long Run
14. Describe how high rates of inflation impacts the following groups :
a. Between those who save and lend money and those that borrow money
b. Employers and employees?
c. Retirees living on a fixed income?
15. Describe the trend in the minimum wage over the last 50 years (Figure 9.6).
16. How can high rates of inflation “blur” price signals for both buyers and sellers in an economy?
17. How can inflation make long-term planning more difficult for both workers/households and firms?
18. Why are low rates of inflation preferred to deflation?
19. How can inflation “oil the gears" or make the labor market for flexible?
Section 9.5– Indexing and its Limitations
20. What does it mean for price, wages, or interest rates to be “indexed”?
21. Describe “cost-of-living-adjustment ...
This document contains answers to questions for an Economics 203 Week 1 Quiz. It discusses topics like how income and demand relate, different types of investment, factors that can shift demand curves, production decisions regarding labor and technology, how price and quantity relate, the role of government in redistributing income and allocating resources, and more. It provides context and questions for online discussions on topics such as human capital, the roles of government and private sectors, impacts of changes in aggregate demand, how inflation affects different groups, fiscal policy approaches like stimulus packages, national debt and budget deficits, and efforts to reduce deficits.
Chapter 1 57.What is the difference between recession and de.docxsleeperharwell
Chapter 1
57.
What is the difference between recession and depression in an economy? Provide an example of depression from the real world that has hit the global economy.
Use the following to answer question 58:
Answer: When there is a mild fall in the gross domestic product (GDP) of an economy over a period of time it leads to recession in the economy. If the intensity of the fall in GDP is severe over a period of time, then it turns into a depression. Recession is cyclic in nature; that is, it repeats itself over a period of time in an economy. A famous example of depression is that of the Great Depression of the 1930s that occurred in the United States and affected the global economy. Even the financial crisis of 2008-2009 in the United States was very much reminiscent of the Great Depression.
58.
Refer to the following graph and identify the years for which Country A and Country B experienced recession.
Country A experienced its recession during 2003 and its early recovery during 2004. Country B experienced its first recession during 2002 and its early recovery in 2003. Country B experienced a second recession in 2007.
59.
Why do we call macroeconomics an imperfect science? Explain.
The study of macroeconomics depends mainly upon the historical data on different economies. Macroeconomists analyze these data to explain changes occurring in different economic parameters (income, prices, unemployment, etc.) and formulate policies. Additionally, macroeconomic studies cannot be conducted in controlled experiments, as in biology or chemistry, for example. In this way, macroeconomists are similar to weather forecasters.
60.
Are the terms “market clearing” and “equilibrium” one and the same? Explain.
Yes, both terms represent the same notion: the balance between supply and demand. It is the balancing point at which everything that is produced gets sold and fulfills the entire demand. Thus, if all other things remain constant, then there is no tendency to change the quantity supplied and demanded at this point.
61.
Do you agree with the statement, “macroeconomics rests on the foundation of microeconomics”? Explain.
Macroeconomics involves studying the aggregate of economic variables related to individual decision making parameters, which are microeconomic (think of individuals' expenses, investments, etc.). That is to say, the total expenditure in an economy is the aggregate (sum) of all the expenditures done by all consumers in that economy, or the total investment done in an economy is the aggregate (sum) of all individual investments done by firms in that economy. This reflects that macroeconomic study rests on the foundation of microeconomics.
62.
Give two examples of macroeconomic variables and microeconomic variables.
The income of your father is a microeconomic variable, while the gross domestic product (GDP) of your country is a macroeconomic variable. The money your father saves in the bank is a microeconomic va.
This document describes a study that analyzes the effects of fiscal policy shocks using a vector autoregression (VAR) model that accounts for the level of public debt. It notes that existing empirical studies using VAR models omit how taxes, spending, and interest rates respond to debt levels. This can result in biased estimates of fiscal shock effects. The study uses quarterly US data from 1960-2006 in a VAR that includes public debt and the government budget constraint. It finds the impulse responses from this model differ from those of standard VAR models that omit the debt level. The path of debt implied by the two models also differs.
Politicians have strong incentives to get re-elected and focus on voters, not long-term economic impacts. Price floors lead to surpluses by keeping prices above market equilibrium, while price ceilings cause shortages by keeping prices below equilibrium; both create deadweight losses. When the economy is in a recession, governments use fiscal policy like increased spending and tax cuts to boost aggregate demand, and monetary policy where the Federal Reserve lowers interest rates and buys bonds to increase the money supply.
Question 1Response 1Development inside and out effects t.docxaudeleypearl
Question 1:
Response 1:
Development inside and out effects the entire country's economy. It impacts the managing body, regardless the clearly irrelevant subtleties in the average person's dependably life. Both a conditions and clear deferred results of how the economy is getting along, swelling has the two its fans and spoilers. Distinctive envisions that particular degrees of swelling are helpful for a prospering economy, yet that progressively critical rates raise concerns. It can degrade the money basically and, at logically lamentable, has been a key part to subsidences.
Swelling, as referenced, is the rate a worth ascensions, and fundamentally how much the dollar is worth at a given moment concerning checking. The idea behind swelling being an impact for good in the economy is that a reasonable enough rate can nudge financial movement without debasing the money so much that it ends up being basically vain (Kohn, 2006).
Swelling can in like manner falter from asset for asset. Subordinate upon the season, the expense of gas could go up independently from with everything considered headway as it routinely does as summer moves close. In reality, there is even a term - focus improvement - for swelling that parts in everything except for sustenance and imperativeness (gas and oil), as these regions have separate factors that add to them. There are a wide degree of sorts of swelling, subordinate upon what remarkable is being viewed comparatively as what the development rate truly is by all accounts. For example, what happens if the swelling rate is well over the Fed's normal goal? At a higher rate, yet still in the single digits, that is known as walking swelling. It is seen as concerning yet sensible (Ball, 2006).
Swelling is generally depicted reliant on its rate and causes. By and large, Inflation happens in an economy when vitality for thing and experiences outmaneuvers the supply of yield. in this manner, clarifications behind Inflation have different sides, the intrigue side and supply side. The widely inclusive activity of hazard premiums in driving enlargement pay over the scope of advancing years is dependable with secured budgetary improvement and inside and out oblige cash related procedure events in the moved economies. The degree for further fitting budgetary enabling seen with money related stars seems to have declined amidst the enough low advance charges and gigantic monetary records of national banks (Bodie, 2016).
In relentless time, the correspondence of perils has wound up being constantly phenomenal, the general point of view has lit up, and money related conditions have engaged on net. With the work superstar proceeding to reinforce, and GDP improvement expected to keep up a vital good ways from back in the consequent quarter, it likely will be fitting soon to change the affiliation supports rate. Likewise, if the economy propels as shown by the SEP concentrate way, the affiliation supports rate will probably app ...
Explain how an increase in your nominal income and a decrease in you.docxrhetttrevannion
Explain how an increase in your nominal income and a decrease in your
Income might occur simultaneously. What effects does inflation have on the
purchasing power of the dollar?
2. What is the CPI and how is it determined each month? Show how the BLS
calculates the inflation rate from one year to the next.
3. Explain the difference between nominal and real interest rates.
How are creditors and debtors affected during inflation? Give an example.
4. How does deflation differ from inflation?
5. Explain how hyperinflation might lead to a severe decline in total output.
6. Distinguish between demand-pull and cost-push inflation. Which of the two
types is associated with negative GDP gap? Associated with Positive GDP
gap.
7. Evaluate how each of the following individuals would be affected by inflation of
10% or more per year.
a. A pensioned railroad worker.
b. A department-store clerk.
c. A unionized automobile assembly-line worker.
d. A heavily indebted farmer.
e. A retired business executive whose current income comes from interest on government bonds.
f. The owner of an independent small-town department store.
.
ECON 301 Week 5 DiscussionsGroup 2 US Trade PolicySummaryFor.docxjack60216
ECON 301 Week 5 Discussions
Group 2 US Trade Policy
Summary
For our group project we have decided to research, analyze, and formulate an argument on the World Trade Organization (WTO) in regards to the US Trade Policy. In our paper we have discussed what WTO stands for and the goal of this organization. We have also addressed the latest form of trade negotiations among the WTO membership – Doha Development Round and the controversial topics of protectionism and free trade. Among the research we have performed, we as a group have come to a conclusion that we support this organization. Although there are incomplete developments that still need to be addressed, we continue to support this organization because of the fact that numerous nations come together in order to reform these conflicts.
Questions:
1. What makes free trade a better option than protectionism for the economic situation in the US?
2. What consequences would the WTO face if they acted unethically given their power?
Group 3 US Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy refers to the practice of monitoring spending levels and tax rates to try and influence our economy. Before the Great Depression, which started in the late twenties, our government had a hands off approach to the economy or a laissez-faire approach. After the Second World War it was deemed necessary for the government to become involved in our economy. (Heakal, Reem) They decided this would be necessary in order to attempt to influence unemployment, the business cycle and inflation. Of course there are many different ideas on the best approach and way to accomplish this.
The government takes initiative in trying to regulate unemployment, unemployment benefits, and taxation. They do this through the use of what is known as automatic stabilizers, which are programs and policies meant to balance fluctuations in the economy. During a recession, automatic stabilizers are expanded, and during an economic boom, the automatic stabilizers are reduced. An example of this would be unemployment benefits (David Weil). When there is a recession and unemployment is high, the government spends more money on unemployment benefits, whereas when the unemployment is low, the government spends less money on unemployment benefits. According to William J. Carrington, an analyst of the Congressional budget office, some of the fiscal policies used to reduce unemployment include household assistance (reducing employees’ taxes, increased unemployment insurance expenditures, and more refundable tax), business assistance, and financial aid to the states. Carrington also shows that to reduce unemployment, unemployment benefit policies must be modified such as an extension to the duration of benefits, reemployment bonuses, and offering wage insurance. Fiscal Policy can also be used to influence new ideas like those in alternative energies.
The United States government often tries to finds ways to stimulate the economy while looking towards its future. T ...
Compute the inflation rate for each year 1993-201 2 and determ.docxmaxinesmith73660
Compute the inflation rate for each year 1993-201 2 and determine
which were years of inflation. ln which years did deflation occuP ln
which years did disinflation occur? Was tirere hyperinflation in any yeaf
* (Sources of tnflation)Usingthe concepts of aggregate supply and ag-
gregate demand, explain why inflation usually increases during wartime.
s. (nftatiln and lnterest Rates) Using a demand-supply diagram
for loanable funds (like the exhibit below), show what happens
to the nominal interest rate and the equilibrium quantity of loans
when both bonowers and lenders increase their estimates of the
expected inflation rate from 5 percent to 1 0 percent.
The Market for Loanable Funds
Loanable funds per period
7-4 Explain how unanticipated inflation harms
some individuals and harms the economy
as a whole
10, (AnticipatedVersus Unanticipated lnflation) lf actual inflation ex-
ceeds anticipated inflation, who will lose purchasing power and who
will gain? How does unanticipated inflation harm the economy?
GHAPTER 8
8-1 Describe how we measure labor
productivity, and explain why is it
important for a nation's standard of living
(Measuring Labor Productivily) How do we measure labor productivitf
How do changes in labor productivity affect the U.S. standard of living?
(Growth and the PPF) Use the production possibilities frontier (PPD
to demonstrate economic growth.
a. With consumption goods on one axis and capital goods on the
other, show how the combination of goods selected this period
affects the PPF in the next period.
b. Extend this comparison by choosing a different point on this
period's PPF and determining whether that combination leads to
more or less growth over the next period.
(Shifts in the PPflferrorist attacks foster instability and may affect
productivity over the short and long term. Do you think the
September 1 l, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center
and the Pentagon affected short- and/or longterm productivity in
the United States? Explain your response and show any move-
ments in the PPF.
o
o
o
o
o
.Ei
o
c
c
oz
33O PROBLEMS APPENDIX
8-2 Summarize the history of U.S.labor
productivity changes since World War II
and explain why these changes matter
(Labor Productivity) ldentify at least four definable periods of labor
productivity growth beginning right after World War ll. During which
periods was productivity growth lowest and why? (Refer to Exhibit 6
inthe chapter.)
(Long-Term Productivity Growfhl Suppose that two nations start
out in 201 3 with identical levels of output per work hour-say,
$100 per hour. ln the first nation, labor productivity grows by
1 percent per year. ln the second, it grows by 2 percent per
year. Use a calculator or a spreadsheet to determine how much
output per hour each nation will be producing 20 years later, as-
suming that labor productivity growth rates do not change. Then,
determine how much eacll will be producing per hour 100 years
later. What.
1. The document discusses Ray Zhu's final presentation for his ECON 204 macroeconomics class. It provides biographical information about Ray, including his major, academic achievements, extracurricular activities, and work with Professor Luyao building the Virtual Behavioral Lab.
2. The presentation contains 5 problem sets that simulate macroeconomic theories and concepts. It includes a reference section, acknowledgments, and reflections on how the class inspired Ray's understanding of economic growth.
3. The presentation aims to decentralize and satisfy macroeconomic understanding through practical applications and interdisciplinary approaches.
This document discusses five debates around macroeconomic policy: 1) whether monetary and fiscal policy should stabilize the economy, 2) whether monetary policy should be rules-based or discretionary, 3) whether the central bank should target zero inflation, 4) whether the government should balance its budget, and 5) whether tax laws should encourage more saving. For each debate, arguments on both sides are presented.
The document contains lecture notes from Economics 100B taught by Professor Steven Wood at UC Berkeley on 08/23/2012. The notes cover several topics:
- The US economic recovery from the 2008 recession has been slow compared to previous recoveries, and there are ongoing issues like high unemployment, the upcoming "fiscal cliff", and the Federal Reserve's monetary policies.
- The course will examine macroeconomic challenges facing the US and other countries, and evaluate the potential outcomes of different economic policies.
- Key macroeconomic indicators like real GDP, unemployment, and inflation will be discussed in-depth, as well as factors that influence their levels such as recessions, government spending, and monetary policy.
- The
How Does Excessive Debt Hurt an Economy_ - Carnegie Endowment for Internation...ngnquyet
This document discusses how excessive debt can hurt an economy. It begins by explaining that too much debt creates an imbalance between total demand and supply in an economy that must be resolved through transfers of income between sectors. Rising debt can undermine growth through four main effects: 1) transfers between sectors can distort the economy, 2) financial distress as agents protect themselves from bearing debt costs, 3) creation of fictional wealth, and 4) additional future adjustment costs ("hysteresis"). Specifically, the transfers used to resolve demand-supply imbalances can hurt growth if they take forms like high inflation, taxes, or unemployment. Rising debt also causes uncertainty that leads sectors to protect themselves in ways that slow growth and increase financial fragility.
The document provides an overview of macroeconomic policies and concepts including:
1) It discusses the business cycle and macroeconomic equilibrium and how disturbances can cause instability.
2) Keynes argued that government intervention is necessary to address inherent instability in free markets. Fiscal and monetary policies can be used to stimulate aggregate demand.
3) Supply-side policies aim to shift aggregate supply curves by incentivizing production. Both demand and supply factors influence macroeconomic outcomes like growth, unemployment and inflation.
ECN211 Chapter 8 Worksheet – UnemploymentSection 8.1– How the Un.docxSALU18
ECN211 Chapter 8 Worksheet – Unemployment
Section 8.1– How the Unemployment Rate is Defined and Computed
1. Give examples of those individuals in the population who are not interested in working, and thus are considered out of the labor force.
2. Who is considered part of the labor force?
3. Give the formula for calculating the unemployment rate. Consider Table 8.1. What was the unemployment rate in February 2015 (or the date presented in your text)? How does that compare to the current unemployment rate?
4. Give two examples of those who are the hidden unemployed.
5. Give the formula for calculating the labor force participation rate. Consider Table 8.1 What was the labor force participation rate in February 2015 (or the date presented in your text)? How does that compare to the current labor force participation rate i?
6. What is the difference between the unemployment rate and labor force participation rate?
7. How is US unemployment data collected?
8. What are some criticisms of the way the unemployment rate is measured?
Section 8.2– Patterns of Unemployment
9. Describe the historical pattern of US Unemployment (Figure 8.3). What tends to be the range of unemployment rates over time?
10. Describe the differences in unemployment rates by sex, age, and by race and ethnicity (Figure 8.4).
11. Analyze the reasons for reported unemployment and the length of time unemployed (Tables 8.2 and 8.3).
12. Describe trends in US unemployment relative to other high income countries. Why is it more difficult to compare unemployment rates between rich countries and developing (poorer) countries?
Section 8.3– What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Short Run
13. Define cyclical unemployment, and describe how the presence of it challenges the presumption of efficient labor markets (i.e., wages return to equilibrium quickly and all workers supplied are demanded, leaving a 0% unemployment rate).
14. Why might wages be sticky downwards? Describe the various arguments for why this may be:
a. Implicit contract
b. Efficiency wage theory
c. Adverse selection of wage cuts argument
d. Insider-outsider model
e. Relative wage coordination argument
15. Graph the impact of a labor market experiencing a surplus and sticky wages downwards. Should we expect wages to fall and thus more employers to hire?
Section 8.4– What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Long Run
16. Describe what is meant by the natural unemployment rate.
17. Contrast frictional unemployment from structural unemployment, and how together they determine the natural unemployment rate.
18. Relate the natural unemployment rate with the idea of potential real GDP.
19. How could changes in labor productivity levels, and corresponding increases in wages, lead to unemployment? What will need to happen to productivity to solve the labor surplus (Figure 8.8)?
20. How can public policy impact the natural rate of unemployment?
21 ...
Melissa HinkhouseWeek 3-Original PostNURS 6050 Policy and A.docxwkyra78
Melissa Hinkhouse
Week 3-Original Post
NURS 6050: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
Walden University
In 2010 The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was enacted; the hope was to expand access to medical care, make coverage more affordable, and decrease the number of people without medical insurance. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded and improved health insurance coverage in two primary ways. First, the number of individuals receiving insurance coverage grown by increasing access to coverage through Medicaid expansion and providing subsidies to purchase private insurance on the health care exchanges. Second, the ACA upgraded the quality and scope of coverage by improving benefit design, including implementing the essential health benefits (Willison & Singer, 2017). People who did not have coverage through their employer or Medicaid were required to purchase insurance through the Marketplace. The Marketplace was created as a one-stop-shop for people to view multiple plans and purchase insurance. Just because you have access to health care insurance does not mean you are going to receive quality health care (Teitelbaum, 2018).
Both parties have asked that the ACA be repealed or replaced for multiple reasons. Every Republican presidential candidate for 2016 has called for the repeal of the ACA. Some, but not all, Republican candidates have proposed health policies that they would like to put in place after repeal, but there is no broad agreement on a replacement for the ACA (Buettgens & Blumberg, 2016). The federal government would spend $90.9 billion less on health care for the nonelderly in 2021 if the ACA were repealed (Buettgens & Blumberg, 2016). State governments as a whole would spend $5.2 billion more on health care for the nonelderly in 2021 if the ACA were repealed (Buettgens & Blumberg, 2016). Healthcare is a priority to many Americans for obvious reasons; it was more costly for those with preexisting conditions before the ACA to obtain Medical Insurance. With the ACA the income guidelines for Medicaid where changed so additional people qualified that didn’t prior. As a Behavioral Health Nurse, I am a fan of anyone and everyone having access to Healthcare Services. I have seen to many times my patient not have the money for their medications because insurance was canceled so they go off their medications, they become unstable and ended up in the Emergency Department and admitted Inpatient, costing more money, hurting themselves and their loved ones.
Politicians are aware that election time is the best time to play the tug of war game with the heavy ticket items to capture someone votes. Republicans ran hard on promises to get rid of the law in every election since it passed in 2010. But when the GOP finally got control of the House, the Senate and the White House in 2017, Republicans found
they could not reach agreement
on how to "repeal and replace" the law (Kaiser Health News, 2018). And political strategists s.
Melissa Hinkhouse
Advanced Pharmacology NURS-6521N-43
Professor Dr. Vicki Gardin
Discussion Board Week 1-Original Post
11/30/2020
I have worked in an outpatient behavioral health clinic for the past seven years with many different providers. I live in a rural community, many patients wait six to twelve months to be seen. Patients being treated for Attention Deficit Disorder must be officially tested before being seen by a Psychologist. For this discussion board post, I have changed the name of my patient to Paul to ensure patient confidentially. The provider I worked with this particular patient will also be referred to as PMHNP to ensure provider confidentiality.
Paul was a ten-year-old Caucasian male referred to our clinic diagnosed per DSM criteria, confirmed via Psychologist testing with ADHD. When he saw the Psychologist, he was also diagnosed with mild depression and anxiety. He struggled with concentration, hyperactivity, impulse control, and disorganization. He presented to his appointment with his mother and father, clean, well-nourished, pleasant, interactive with staff, reported no medication allergies, current medication Zyrtec for seasonal allergies. Paul just had his well-child exam and is current on vaccinations and his primary care provider completed lab work to include CBC, CMP, TSH, Vit D, B12, and A1C, all have returned normal. Family history reported father has a history of ADHD (never medicated), brother has a history of depression and anxiety (never medicated treating with psychotherapy), no other significant family history to report. Paul’s current weight at his appointment was 30kg.
PMHNP spent one hour with Paul and his parents for the initial new patient appointment (Thursday). It was decided Paul would be prescribed Strattera (atomoxetine) 40mg once a day for one week then increase to 80mg once a day. I returned to work on Monday and received a call from Paul’s mom, she said he was acting strange. He was tearful, had been in his room with the door closed for most of the weekend, she stated on Sunday she went into his room and he was crying and said he was just thinking about dying and his parents dying. She stated he had already had his meds Sunday so she kept him with her that entire day and made Sunday night a campout night in the Livingroom so he would think it was fun and she could keep a close eye on him. I had a cancelation that morning for him to come to see PMHNP and he was in to see her within twenty minutes and removed from Strattera. His parents decided medications were no longer the route they wanted to try for treatment and a referral was made for psychotherapy.
The only medication Paul takes on occasion is Zyrtec which is in an antihistamine drug class, Strattera is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; there is no known drug interaction between the two medications. Reflecting on his age and the medication, Strattera has a black box labeled for suicidal ideation with adolescents dia.
Meiner, S. E., & Yeager, J. J. (2019). Chapter 17Chap.docxwkyra78
Meiner, S. E., & Yeager, J. J. (2019).
Chapter 17
Chapter_017.pptx
Chapter 18
Chapter_018.pptx
Chapter 19
Chapter_019.pptx
Chapter 20
Chapter_020.pptx
Watch
None.
Supplemental Materials & Resources
Visit the
CINAHL Complete
under the
A-to-Z Databases
on the
University Library's
website and locate the article(s) below:
O’Keefe-McCarthy, S. (2009). Technologically-mediated nursing care: The impact on moral agency. Nursing Ethics, 16(6), 76-796.
Teutsch, S., & Rechel, B. (2012). Ethics of resource allocation and rationing medical care in a time of fiscal restraint: US and Europe. Public Health Reviews, 34(1), 1-10.
QUESTION
Define presbycusis, name signs and symptoms, etiology and differential diagnosis.
Create 3 interventions-education measures with a patient with Presbycusis.
List, define and elaborate on three different retinal and macular diseases age-related.
Submission Instructions:
Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources
Your assignment will be graded according to the grading rubric.
.
member is a security software architect in a cloud service provider .docxwkyra78
member is a security software architect in a cloud service provider company, assigned to a project to provide the client with data integrity and confidentiality protections for data in transit that will be using applications in the cloud. Your client is an HR company that is moving HR applications and HR data into a community cloud, sharing tenancy with other clients. Your company has set up a software as a service, SAS, offering for its client base.
The data that the HR company will be pushing to and from the cloud will contain sensitive employee information, such as personally identifiable information, PII. You will have to address sensitive data and transit issues of the client data using the HR applications stored in the cloud, and provide a life cycle management report that includes solutions to the cloud computing architect of your company.
Software Development Life Cycle
Technology development and implementation usually follow a software development life cycle (SDLC) methodology. This approach ensures accuracy of information for analysis and decision making, as well as appropriate resources for effective technology management.
You and your team members will use components of the SDLC methodology to develop a
life cycle management report
for the cloud computing architect of a company. This is a group exercise, representing the kind of collaboration often required in the cybersecurity technology community.
There are 11 steps to lead you through this project. Similar steps are typically used in organizational SDLC projects. Most steps should take no more than two hours to complete, and the entire project should take no more than three weeks to complete. Begin with the workplace scenario, and then continue with Step 1: “Initiating the Project.”
Life Cycle Management Report:
A 10- to 15-page double-spaced Word document on data protection techniques for a cloud-based service with citations in APA format. The page count does not include figures or tables. There is no penalty for using additional pages if you need them. Include a minimum of six references. Include a reference list with the report.
As the cloud security architect, you must understand the security development life cycle process. Review the following resources to learn about the security development life cycle process:
security development life cycle
software development methodologies
Click the following links to learn more about critical infrastructure sectors:
Critical Infrastructure Sectors
. Read their descriptions and consider which sector you support in your role.
Process Control Systems: Cybersecurity and Defense
To be completed by a designated team member:
You will begin your Life Cycle Management Report now.
Choose a fictional or actual organization. Describe the mission of the organization and the business need to move to a cloud environment.
Identify the scope of the security architecture and include a topology. To narrow your scope, focus on is.
Melissa ShortridgeWeek 6COLLAPSEMy own attitude has ch.docxwkyra78
Melissa Shortridge
Week 6
COLLAPSE
My own attitude has changed from lack of understanding to enlightenment over the years. In elementary school I never experienced students with disabilities in my classrooms, growing up. But as the years went on and legislation changed students with disabilities started trickling into general education classrooms. They were always ignored by other students and often times had an aide to assist them with assignments. As an adult my heart has opened up to accept all types of people. In the Pennhurst documentary, it was reiterated, they are just people (Baldini, 1968). Which is my outlook on how to treat everyone. Every single person is a human being, treat them the way you wish to be treated. Everyone no matter their race, disability or socio-economic status deserves to be treated humanely.
As an educator I have worked with several different types of students. Students from low socio-economic areas, behavioral issues, vision impairments, hearing impairments, with autism, hyper activity and down syndrome, and with all of these students I have given them my best effort to show them that they are students first. Slavin and Schunk (2017) said it best, “Each student has many characteristics, and the disability is only one of them. To define the child in terms of the disability does him or her an injustice” (p. 235). It is our role as an educator to incorporate different learning styles to give each student, regardless of disabilities, the education that they deserve.
Welcoming students with disabilities into my classroom will be an important aspect in my role as an educator. Allowing each student to feel love and acceptance by peers is important for any students success. Van Brummelen (2009) states, “ It is important to appreciate students with special needs for who they are. Always look beyond their disabilities and teach them as whole persons” (p. 208). Being an advocate for my students with learning disabilities will garner them respect and dignity that they need to be self sufficient. In the Pennhurst documentary, the children did not have complete proper advocacy from the people that worked with them. They were simply shuffled along and not given the proper education and care that they needed to be self-sufficient (Baldini, 1968). “Defend the weak and the fatherless; uphold the cause of the poor and oppressed. Rescue the weak and the needy; deliver them from the hand of the wicked” (Psalm 82:3-4, New International Version). It is our Godly duty to defend individuals who can not defend themselves. In His eyes we are all created equal and in that we all deserve equal treatment and opportunities.
References
Baldini, B. (1968). Suffer the Little Children: Pennhurst Pennsylvania State Home for Disabled Children [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://youtu.be/YG33HvIKOgQ
Slavin, R.E., & Schunk D.H. (2017). Learning Theories: EDUC 500 (1st ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson.
Van Brummelen, H. (2009). Walking wit.
Melissa is a 15-year-old high school student. Over the last week.docxwkyra78
Melissa is a 15-year-old high school student. Over the last week, she had been feeling tired and found it difficult to stay awake in class. By the time the weekend had arrived, she developed a sore throat that made it difficult to eat and even drink. Melissa was too tired to get out of bed, and she said her head ached. On Monday morning, her mother took her to her doctor. Upon completing the physical exam, he told Melissa the lymph nodes were enlarged in her neck and she had a fever. He ordered blood tests and told Melissa he thought she had mononucleosis, a viral infection requiring much bed rest.
Innate and adaptive immune defenses work collectively in destroying invasive microorganisms. What is the interaction between macrophages and T lymphocytes during the presentation of antigen?
Melissa’s illness is caused by a virus. Where are type I interferons produced, and why are they important in combating viral infections?
Humoral immunity involves the activation of B lymphocytes and production of antibodies. What are the general mechanisms of action that make antibodies a key component of an immune response?
.
1. The document describes measuring the angle θ between momentum vectors of particles π- and Σ- produced in a particle interaction using a bubble chamber photograph. The angle can be determined by drawing tangents to the particle tracks and measuring the angle between them.
2. An alternative method to measure the angle not requiring a protractor is described using ratios of distances along the tangents.
3. Instructions are given to estimate uncertainties in measurements taken from repeated readings using calculations of average and standard deviation.
Measurement of the angle θ For better understanding .docxwkyra78
Measurement of the angle θ
For better understanding I am showing you a different particle track diagram bellow. Where at
point C particle 𝜋 − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Σ− are created and the Σ− decays into 𝜋 ∓ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 K− particles
The angle θ between the π− and Σ− momentum vectors can be determined by drawing tangents
to the π− and Σ− tracks at the point of the Σ− decay. We can then measure the angle between
the tangents using a protractor. Alternative method which does not require a protractor is also
possible. Let AC and BC be the tangents to the π− and Σ− tracks respectively. Drop a
perpendicular (AB) and measure the distances AB and BC. The ratio AB/BC gives the tangent of
the angle180◦−θ. It should be noted that only some of the time will the angle θ exceed 90◦ as
shown here.
Determining the uncertainty of Measurements
In part B, It is asked to estimate the uncertainty of your measurements of 𝜃 and r.
Uncertainty of measurement is the doubt that exists about the result of any measurement. You
might think that well-made rulers, clocks and thermometers should be trustworthy, and give
the right answers. But for every measurement - even the most careful - there is always a margin
of doubt.
It is important not to confuse the terms ‘error’ and ‘uncertainty’.
Error is the difference between the measured value and the ‘true value’ of the thing being
measured.
Uncertainty is a quantification of the doubt about the measurement result
Since there is always a margin of doubt about any measurement, we need to ask ‘How big is the
margin?’ and ‘How bad is the doubt?’ Thus, two numbers are really needed in order to quantify
an uncertainty. One is the width of the margin, or interval. The other is a confidence level, and
states how sure we are that the ‘true value’ is within that margin.
You can increase the amount of information you get from your measurements by taking a
number of readings and carrying out some basic statistical calculations. The two most
important statistical calculations are to find the average or arithmetic mean, and the standard
deviation for a set of numbers.
The ‘true’ value for the standard deviation can only be found from a very large (infinite) set of
readings. From a moderate number of values, only an estimate of the standard deviation can be
found. The symbol s is usually used for the estimated standard deviation.
Suppose you have a set of n readings. Start by finding the average:
For the set of readings x={16, 19, 18, 16, 17, 19, 20, 15, 17 and 13}, the average is �̅� =
∑ 𝑥𝑖
𝑛
=
17.
Next find (𝑥𝑖 − �̅�)
2
Then 𝑠 = √
(𝑥𝑖−�̅�)
2
𝑛−1
= 2.21
Lifetime calculation
In part C you are asked to determine the life time of the neutral particles from their
momentums.
The Σ− lifetime can be approximately determined using the measured values of the Σ− track
lengths. The average momentum of the Σ− particle can be found from its initial and fin
Meaning-Making Forum 2 (Week 5)Meaning-Making Forums 1-4 are thi.docxwkyra78
Meaning-Making Forum 2 (Week 5)
Meaning-Making Forums 1-4 are this course's unique final project.
Be fully engaged in Phase Two!
After reviewing the readings, presentations, lecture notes, articles, and web-engagements, and previous assignments, artificially move your predetermined careseeker (i.e., Crossroads’ Careseekers: Bruce, Joshua, Brody, Justin, or Melissa) through Phase Two.
NOTE: These research-based forums require that you draw upon ALL
of the course readings and learning activities to date, in order to substantively develop each phase in our
Solution
-based, Short-term, Pastoral Counseling (SbStPC) process. Noticeably support each core assertion.
Rapport and Relational Alignment.
Briefly discuss how you will continue to build rapport and shift your relational style in order to best align with the careseeker’s style (i.e., use DISC language) and current behavioral position (i.e., attending, blaming, or willing).
Phase Two Distinctive Features.
Narrate movement of careseeker through Phase Two’s distinctive features (i.e., purpose, goal, chief aim, role/responsibility, use of guiding assumptions) and apply pertinent insights and techniques from ALL the readings, previous assignments, and the Bible.
Supportive Feedback Break.
What portrait, definition(s), key thought(s), and/or assessment insight from the
Quick Reference Guide
might be utilized in the supportive feedback technique?
Phase Two Marker.
Describe a marker that indicates you have collaboratively ‘imagineered” a picture of life without the problem. In what way does this marker indicate the careseeker is in a willing position and ready for Phase Three?
Food for Thought:
When learning a new people skill or counseling technique, is it normal to “feel” awkward and fake? Use at least 1 example and thoughtfully explain how this “feeling” might be normalized.
TIPS:
Carefully Follow Meaning-Making Forum Guidelines & Tips!
Make sure to use headings (5) so that the most inattentive reader may easily follow your thoughts.
Use the annotated outline approach. Bullets should have concise, complete, well-developed sentences or paragraphs.
Foster a “noble-minded” climate for investigating claims through well-supported core assertions (i.e., consider the validation pattern of the Bereans; Acts 17:11).
Noticeably support assertions to facilitate further investigation and to avoid the appearance of plagiarism.
Since you have the required materials (e.g.,
Masterpiece)
, abridge any related citations (Nichols, p. 12) and do not list the required source in a References’ section.
Secondary sources must follow current APA guidelines for citations and References.
Make every effort to prove that you care about the subject matter by proofreading to eliminate grammar and spelling distractions.
A substantive thread (at least 450 words)
.
MBA6231 - 1.1 - project charter.docxProject Charter Pr.docxwkyra78
MBA6231 - 1.1 - project charter.docx
Project Charter
Project Charter
Student Name
Institution
Course Code
Project Title: Michael Joseph Place, The place to be
Project Start Date: 25/7/2018
Projected Finish Date: 25/12/2018
Budget Information: $ 4,500.00
Project Manager: Student name,[email protected], 210- 105 - 6676
Business Need
The project manager will be hosting an evening lounge event that will be targeting the clientele to an upscale lounge to be built in downtown. Through such an event the city will have a positive exposure.
There will be need for effective marketing, music, modern décor and most likely investors. The menu for food and drinks will need to be within budget. The venue needs to have amiable space and adequate seats for all guests.
The first step to this project involves coming up with a plan on a piece of paper. Once this is done the next step will involve selection of vendors to various goods and services. Once everything has been put to perspective the next stage will be to involve investors who will include local business owners. These investors will be encouraged to do so with the exchange for them to market and advertise their products at the event. We will have three packages for investors including Silver, Gold and Platinum packages.
Project Objectives
The proposal is to have a social entertainment evening lounge in Chicago. The project managers will be showcasing the new concept of entertainment by holding a series of events known as “The Place to be!”
· The events will be used to showcase the atmosphere that the new lounge will be offering
· The events will offer the professional audiences an opportunity to network while at the same time being entertained.
· The events will be targeting an audience of 150 attendants
· To have an environment where attendants can dance, dine and drink socially while discussing business.
Approach
This project will be managed in accordance with the PMI approach as modified.
Assumptions/Constraints/Dependencies
The assumption is that with the provision of an exquisite and upscale venue that is mature in Chicago, IL, will be successful due to the fact that there is no such a venue within a 100 mile radius.
One of the likely constraint is finding a venue that grabs attention of the targeted crowd.
The success of these events depends on attracting two sets of individuals. One of them is investors and the other is private professionals who will attend a social event at night.
Initial Risk Factors
· Obtaining a liquor license on time for the event is the major risk factor.
· Failure of attendees despite investing money and time is another risk.
· Failing to complete the organizational plans within 30 days before the event series begin.
· Not attracting any viable investors
Regulatory cost/impact
One of the needed licensing is from the city council where I will be required to get a special event license. This will enable us to have alcohol i.
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This document describes a study that analyzes the effects of fiscal policy shocks using a vector autoregression (VAR) model that accounts for the level of public debt. It notes that existing empirical studies using VAR models omit how taxes, spending, and interest rates respond to debt levels. This can result in biased estimates of fiscal shock effects. The study uses quarterly US data from 1960-2006 in a VAR that includes public debt and the government budget constraint. It finds the impulse responses from this model differ from those of standard VAR models that omit the debt level. The path of debt implied by the two models also differs.
Politicians have strong incentives to get re-elected and focus on voters, not long-term economic impacts. Price floors lead to surpluses by keeping prices above market equilibrium, while price ceilings cause shortages by keeping prices below equilibrium; both create deadweight losses. When the economy is in a recession, governments use fiscal policy like increased spending and tax cuts to boost aggregate demand, and monetary policy where the Federal Reserve lowers interest rates and buys bonds to increase the money supply.
Question 1Response 1Development inside and out effects t.docxaudeleypearl
Question 1:
Response 1:
Development inside and out effects the entire country's economy. It impacts the managing body, regardless the clearly irrelevant subtleties in the average person's dependably life. Both a conditions and clear deferred results of how the economy is getting along, swelling has the two its fans and spoilers. Distinctive envisions that particular degrees of swelling are helpful for a prospering economy, yet that progressively critical rates raise concerns. It can degrade the money basically and, at logically lamentable, has been a key part to subsidences.
Swelling, as referenced, is the rate a worth ascensions, and fundamentally how much the dollar is worth at a given moment concerning checking. The idea behind swelling being an impact for good in the economy is that a reasonable enough rate can nudge financial movement without debasing the money so much that it ends up being basically vain (Kohn, 2006).
Swelling can in like manner falter from asset for asset. Subordinate upon the season, the expense of gas could go up independently from with everything considered headway as it routinely does as summer moves close. In reality, there is even a term - focus improvement - for swelling that parts in everything except for sustenance and imperativeness (gas and oil), as these regions have separate factors that add to them. There are a wide degree of sorts of swelling, subordinate upon what remarkable is being viewed comparatively as what the development rate truly is by all accounts. For example, what happens if the swelling rate is well over the Fed's normal goal? At a higher rate, yet still in the single digits, that is known as walking swelling. It is seen as concerning yet sensible (Ball, 2006).
Swelling is generally depicted reliant on its rate and causes. By and large, Inflation happens in an economy when vitality for thing and experiences outmaneuvers the supply of yield. in this manner, clarifications behind Inflation have different sides, the intrigue side and supply side. The widely inclusive activity of hazard premiums in driving enlargement pay over the scope of advancing years is dependable with secured budgetary improvement and inside and out oblige cash related procedure events in the moved economies. The degree for further fitting budgetary enabling seen with money related stars seems to have declined amidst the enough low advance charges and gigantic monetary records of national banks (Bodie, 2016).
In relentless time, the correspondence of perils has wound up being constantly phenomenal, the general point of view has lit up, and money related conditions have engaged on net. With the work superstar proceeding to reinforce, and GDP improvement expected to keep up a vital good ways from back in the consequent quarter, it likely will be fitting soon to change the affiliation supports rate. Likewise, if the economy propels as shown by the SEP concentrate way, the affiliation supports rate will probably app ...
Explain how an increase in your nominal income and a decrease in you.docxrhetttrevannion
Explain how an increase in your nominal income and a decrease in your
Income might occur simultaneously. What effects does inflation have on the
purchasing power of the dollar?
2. What is the CPI and how is it determined each month? Show how the BLS
calculates the inflation rate from one year to the next.
3. Explain the difference between nominal and real interest rates.
How are creditors and debtors affected during inflation? Give an example.
4. How does deflation differ from inflation?
5. Explain how hyperinflation might lead to a severe decline in total output.
6. Distinguish between demand-pull and cost-push inflation. Which of the two
types is associated with negative GDP gap? Associated with Positive GDP
gap.
7. Evaluate how each of the following individuals would be affected by inflation of
10% or more per year.
a. A pensioned railroad worker.
b. A department-store clerk.
c. A unionized automobile assembly-line worker.
d. A heavily indebted farmer.
e. A retired business executive whose current income comes from interest on government bonds.
f. The owner of an independent small-town department store.
.
ECON 301 Week 5 DiscussionsGroup 2 US Trade PolicySummaryFor.docxjack60216
ECON 301 Week 5 Discussions
Group 2 US Trade Policy
Summary
For our group project we have decided to research, analyze, and formulate an argument on the World Trade Organization (WTO) in regards to the US Trade Policy. In our paper we have discussed what WTO stands for and the goal of this organization. We have also addressed the latest form of trade negotiations among the WTO membership – Doha Development Round and the controversial topics of protectionism and free trade. Among the research we have performed, we as a group have come to a conclusion that we support this organization. Although there are incomplete developments that still need to be addressed, we continue to support this organization because of the fact that numerous nations come together in order to reform these conflicts.
Questions:
1. What makes free trade a better option than protectionism for the economic situation in the US?
2. What consequences would the WTO face if they acted unethically given their power?
Group 3 US Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy refers to the practice of monitoring spending levels and tax rates to try and influence our economy. Before the Great Depression, which started in the late twenties, our government had a hands off approach to the economy or a laissez-faire approach. After the Second World War it was deemed necessary for the government to become involved in our economy. (Heakal, Reem) They decided this would be necessary in order to attempt to influence unemployment, the business cycle and inflation. Of course there are many different ideas on the best approach and way to accomplish this.
The government takes initiative in trying to regulate unemployment, unemployment benefits, and taxation. They do this through the use of what is known as automatic stabilizers, which are programs and policies meant to balance fluctuations in the economy. During a recession, automatic stabilizers are expanded, and during an economic boom, the automatic stabilizers are reduced. An example of this would be unemployment benefits (David Weil). When there is a recession and unemployment is high, the government spends more money on unemployment benefits, whereas when the unemployment is low, the government spends less money on unemployment benefits. According to William J. Carrington, an analyst of the Congressional budget office, some of the fiscal policies used to reduce unemployment include household assistance (reducing employees’ taxes, increased unemployment insurance expenditures, and more refundable tax), business assistance, and financial aid to the states. Carrington also shows that to reduce unemployment, unemployment benefit policies must be modified such as an extension to the duration of benefits, reemployment bonuses, and offering wage insurance. Fiscal Policy can also be used to influence new ideas like those in alternative energies.
The United States government often tries to finds ways to stimulate the economy while looking towards its future. T ...
Compute the inflation rate for each year 1993-201 2 and determ.docxmaxinesmith73660
Compute the inflation rate for each year 1993-201 2 and determine
which were years of inflation. ln which years did deflation occuP ln
which years did disinflation occur? Was tirere hyperinflation in any yeaf
* (Sources of tnflation)Usingthe concepts of aggregate supply and ag-
gregate demand, explain why inflation usually increases during wartime.
s. (nftatiln and lnterest Rates) Using a demand-supply diagram
for loanable funds (like the exhibit below), show what happens
to the nominal interest rate and the equilibrium quantity of loans
when both bonowers and lenders increase their estimates of the
expected inflation rate from 5 percent to 1 0 percent.
The Market for Loanable Funds
Loanable funds per period
7-4 Explain how unanticipated inflation harms
some individuals and harms the economy
as a whole
10, (AnticipatedVersus Unanticipated lnflation) lf actual inflation ex-
ceeds anticipated inflation, who will lose purchasing power and who
will gain? How does unanticipated inflation harm the economy?
GHAPTER 8
8-1 Describe how we measure labor
productivity, and explain why is it
important for a nation's standard of living
(Measuring Labor Productivily) How do we measure labor productivitf
How do changes in labor productivity affect the U.S. standard of living?
(Growth and the PPF) Use the production possibilities frontier (PPD
to demonstrate economic growth.
a. With consumption goods on one axis and capital goods on the
other, show how the combination of goods selected this period
affects the PPF in the next period.
b. Extend this comparison by choosing a different point on this
period's PPF and determining whether that combination leads to
more or less growth over the next period.
(Shifts in the PPflferrorist attacks foster instability and may affect
productivity over the short and long term. Do you think the
September 1 l, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center
and the Pentagon affected short- and/or longterm productivity in
the United States? Explain your response and show any move-
ments in the PPF.
o
o
o
o
o
.Ei
o
c
c
oz
33O PROBLEMS APPENDIX
8-2 Summarize the history of U.S.labor
productivity changes since World War II
and explain why these changes matter
(Labor Productivity) ldentify at least four definable periods of labor
productivity growth beginning right after World War ll. During which
periods was productivity growth lowest and why? (Refer to Exhibit 6
inthe chapter.)
(Long-Term Productivity Growfhl Suppose that two nations start
out in 201 3 with identical levels of output per work hour-say,
$100 per hour. ln the first nation, labor productivity grows by
1 percent per year. ln the second, it grows by 2 percent per
year. Use a calculator or a spreadsheet to determine how much
output per hour each nation will be producing 20 years later, as-
suming that labor productivity growth rates do not change. Then,
determine how much eacll will be producing per hour 100 years
later. What.
1. The document discusses Ray Zhu's final presentation for his ECON 204 macroeconomics class. It provides biographical information about Ray, including his major, academic achievements, extracurricular activities, and work with Professor Luyao building the Virtual Behavioral Lab.
2. The presentation contains 5 problem sets that simulate macroeconomic theories and concepts. It includes a reference section, acknowledgments, and reflections on how the class inspired Ray's understanding of economic growth.
3. The presentation aims to decentralize and satisfy macroeconomic understanding through practical applications and interdisciplinary approaches.
This document discusses five debates around macroeconomic policy: 1) whether monetary and fiscal policy should stabilize the economy, 2) whether monetary policy should be rules-based or discretionary, 3) whether the central bank should target zero inflation, 4) whether the government should balance its budget, and 5) whether tax laws should encourage more saving. For each debate, arguments on both sides are presented.
The document contains lecture notes from Economics 100B taught by Professor Steven Wood at UC Berkeley on 08/23/2012. The notes cover several topics:
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How Does Excessive Debt Hurt an Economy_ - Carnegie Endowment for Internation...ngnquyet
This document discusses how excessive debt can hurt an economy. It begins by explaining that too much debt creates an imbalance between total demand and supply in an economy that must be resolved through transfers of income between sectors. Rising debt can undermine growth through four main effects: 1) transfers between sectors can distort the economy, 2) financial distress as agents protect themselves from bearing debt costs, 3) creation of fictional wealth, and 4) additional future adjustment costs ("hysteresis"). Specifically, the transfers used to resolve demand-supply imbalances can hurt growth if they take forms like high inflation, taxes, or unemployment. Rising debt also causes uncertainty that leads sectors to protect themselves in ways that slow growth and increase financial fragility.
The document provides an overview of macroeconomic policies and concepts including:
1) It discusses the business cycle and macroeconomic equilibrium and how disturbances can cause instability.
2) Keynes argued that government intervention is necessary to address inherent instability in free markets. Fiscal and monetary policies can be used to stimulate aggregate demand.
3) Supply-side policies aim to shift aggregate supply curves by incentivizing production. Both demand and supply factors influence macroeconomic outcomes like growth, unemployment and inflation.
ECN211 Chapter 8 Worksheet – UnemploymentSection 8.1– How the Un.docxSALU18
ECN211 Chapter 8 Worksheet – Unemployment
Section 8.1– How the Unemployment Rate is Defined and Computed
1. Give examples of those individuals in the population who are not interested in working, and thus are considered out of the labor force.
2. Who is considered part of the labor force?
3. Give the formula for calculating the unemployment rate. Consider Table 8.1. What was the unemployment rate in February 2015 (or the date presented in your text)? How does that compare to the current unemployment rate?
4. Give two examples of those who are the hidden unemployed.
5. Give the formula for calculating the labor force participation rate. Consider Table 8.1 What was the labor force participation rate in February 2015 (or the date presented in your text)? How does that compare to the current labor force participation rate i?
6. What is the difference between the unemployment rate and labor force participation rate?
7. How is US unemployment data collected?
8. What are some criticisms of the way the unemployment rate is measured?
Section 8.2– Patterns of Unemployment
9. Describe the historical pattern of US Unemployment (Figure 8.3). What tends to be the range of unemployment rates over time?
10. Describe the differences in unemployment rates by sex, age, and by race and ethnicity (Figure 8.4).
11. Analyze the reasons for reported unemployment and the length of time unemployed (Tables 8.2 and 8.3).
12. Describe trends in US unemployment relative to other high income countries. Why is it more difficult to compare unemployment rates between rich countries and developing (poorer) countries?
Section 8.3– What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Short Run
13. Define cyclical unemployment, and describe how the presence of it challenges the presumption of efficient labor markets (i.e., wages return to equilibrium quickly and all workers supplied are demanded, leaving a 0% unemployment rate).
14. Why might wages be sticky downwards? Describe the various arguments for why this may be:
a. Implicit contract
b. Efficiency wage theory
c. Adverse selection of wage cuts argument
d. Insider-outsider model
e. Relative wage coordination argument
15. Graph the impact of a labor market experiencing a surplus and sticky wages downwards. Should we expect wages to fall and thus more employers to hire?
Section 8.4– What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Long Run
16. Describe what is meant by the natural unemployment rate.
17. Contrast frictional unemployment from structural unemployment, and how together they determine the natural unemployment rate.
18. Relate the natural unemployment rate with the idea of potential real GDP.
19. How could changes in labor productivity levels, and corresponding increases in wages, lead to unemployment? What will need to happen to productivity to solve the labor surplus (Figure 8.8)?
20. How can public policy impact the natural rate of unemployment?
21 ...
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Melissa HinkhouseWeek 3-Original PostNURS 6050 Policy and A.docxwkyra78
Melissa Hinkhouse
Week 3-Original Post
NURS 6050: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
Walden University
In 2010 The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was enacted; the hope was to expand access to medical care, make coverage more affordable, and decrease the number of people without medical insurance. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded and improved health insurance coverage in two primary ways. First, the number of individuals receiving insurance coverage grown by increasing access to coverage through Medicaid expansion and providing subsidies to purchase private insurance on the health care exchanges. Second, the ACA upgraded the quality and scope of coverage by improving benefit design, including implementing the essential health benefits (Willison & Singer, 2017). People who did not have coverage through their employer or Medicaid were required to purchase insurance through the Marketplace. The Marketplace was created as a one-stop-shop for people to view multiple plans and purchase insurance. Just because you have access to health care insurance does not mean you are going to receive quality health care (Teitelbaum, 2018).
Both parties have asked that the ACA be repealed or replaced for multiple reasons. Every Republican presidential candidate for 2016 has called for the repeal of the ACA. Some, but not all, Republican candidates have proposed health policies that they would like to put in place after repeal, but there is no broad agreement on a replacement for the ACA (Buettgens & Blumberg, 2016). The federal government would spend $90.9 billion less on health care for the nonelderly in 2021 if the ACA were repealed (Buettgens & Blumberg, 2016). State governments as a whole would spend $5.2 billion more on health care for the nonelderly in 2021 if the ACA were repealed (Buettgens & Blumberg, 2016). Healthcare is a priority to many Americans for obvious reasons; it was more costly for those with preexisting conditions before the ACA to obtain Medical Insurance. With the ACA the income guidelines for Medicaid where changed so additional people qualified that didn’t prior. As a Behavioral Health Nurse, I am a fan of anyone and everyone having access to Healthcare Services. I have seen to many times my patient not have the money for their medications because insurance was canceled so they go off their medications, they become unstable and ended up in the Emergency Department and admitted Inpatient, costing more money, hurting themselves and their loved ones.
Politicians are aware that election time is the best time to play the tug of war game with the heavy ticket items to capture someone votes. Republicans ran hard on promises to get rid of the law in every election since it passed in 2010. But when the GOP finally got control of the House, the Senate and the White House in 2017, Republicans found
they could not reach agreement
on how to "repeal and replace" the law (Kaiser Health News, 2018). And political strategists s.
Melissa Hinkhouse
Advanced Pharmacology NURS-6521N-43
Professor Dr. Vicki Gardin
Discussion Board Week 1-Original Post
11/30/2020
I have worked in an outpatient behavioral health clinic for the past seven years with many different providers. I live in a rural community, many patients wait six to twelve months to be seen. Patients being treated for Attention Deficit Disorder must be officially tested before being seen by a Psychologist. For this discussion board post, I have changed the name of my patient to Paul to ensure patient confidentially. The provider I worked with this particular patient will also be referred to as PMHNP to ensure provider confidentiality.
Paul was a ten-year-old Caucasian male referred to our clinic diagnosed per DSM criteria, confirmed via Psychologist testing with ADHD. When he saw the Psychologist, he was also diagnosed with mild depression and anxiety. He struggled with concentration, hyperactivity, impulse control, and disorganization. He presented to his appointment with his mother and father, clean, well-nourished, pleasant, interactive with staff, reported no medication allergies, current medication Zyrtec for seasonal allergies. Paul just had his well-child exam and is current on vaccinations and his primary care provider completed lab work to include CBC, CMP, TSH, Vit D, B12, and A1C, all have returned normal. Family history reported father has a history of ADHD (never medicated), brother has a history of depression and anxiety (never medicated treating with psychotherapy), no other significant family history to report. Paul’s current weight at his appointment was 30kg.
PMHNP spent one hour with Paul and his parents for the initial new patient appointment (Thursday). It was decided Paul would be prescribed Strattera (atomoxetine) 40mg once a day for one week then increase to 80mg once a day. I returned to work on Monday and received a call from Paul’s mom, she said he was acting strange. He was tearful, had been in his room with the door closed for most of the weekend, she stated on Sunday she went into his room and he was crying and said he was just thinking about dying and his parents dying. She stated he had already had his meds Sunday so she kept him with her that entire day and made Sunday night a campout night in the Livingroom so he would think it was fun and she could keep a close eye on him. I had a cancelation that morning for him to come to see PMHNP and he was in to see her within twenty minutes and removed from Strattera. His parents decided medications were no longer the route they wanted to try for treatment and a referral was made for psychotherapy.
The only medication Paul takes on occasion is Zyrtec which is in an antihistamine drug class, Strattera is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; there is no known drug interaction between the two medications. Reflecting on his age and the medication, Strattera has a black box labeled for suicidal ideation with adolescents dia.
Meiner, S. E., & Yeager, J. J. (2019). Chapter 17Chap.docxwkyra78
Meiner, S. E., & Yeager, J. J. (2019).
Chapter 17
Chapter_017.pptx
Chapter 18
Chapter_018.pptx
Chapter 19
Chapter_019.pptx
Chapter 20
Chapter_020.pptx
Watch
None.
Supplemental Materials & Resources
Visit the
CINAHL Complete
under the
A-to-Z Databases
on the
University Library's
website and locate the article(s) below:
O’Keefe-McCarthy, S. (2009). Technologically-mediated nursing care: The impact on moral agency. Nursing Ethics, 16(6), 76-796.
Teutsch, S., & Rechel, B. (2012). Ethics of resource allocation and rationing medical care in a time of fiscal restraint: US and Europe. Public Health Reviews, 34(1), 1-10.
QUESTION
Define presbycusis, name signs and symptoms, etiology and differential diagnosis.
Create 3 interventions-education measures with a patient with Presbycusis.
List, define and elaborate on three different retinal and macular diseases age-related.
Submission Instructions:
Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources
Your assignment will be graded according to the grading rubric.
.
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member is a security software architect in a cloud service provider company, assigned to a project to provide the client with data integrity and confidentiality protections for data in transit that will be using applications in the cloud. Your client is an HR company that is moving HR applications and HR data into a community cloud, sharing tenancy with other clients. Your company has set up a software as a service, SAS, offering for its client base.
The data that the HR company will be pushing to and from the cloud will contain sensitive employee information, such as personally identifiable information, PII. You will have to address sensitive data and transit issues of the client data using the HR applications stored in the cloud, and provide a life cycle management report that includes solutions to the cloud computing architect of your company.
Software Development Life Cycle
Technology development and implementation usually follow a software development life cycle (SDLC) methodology. This approach ensures accuracy of information for analysis and decision making, as well as appropriate resources for effective technology management.
You and your team members will use components of the SDLC methodology to develop a
life cycle management report
for the cloud computing architect of a company. This is a group exercise, representing the kind of collaboration often required in the cybersecurity technology community.
There are 11 steps to lead you through this project. Similar steps are typically used in organizational SDLC projects. Most steps should take no more than two hours to complete, and the entire project should take no more than three weeks to complete. Begin with the workplace scenario, and then continue with Step 1: “Initiating the Project.”
Life Cycle Management Report:
A 10- to 15-page double-spaced Word document on data protection techniques for a cloud-based service with citations in APA format. The page count does not include figures or tables. There is no penalty for using additional pages if you need them. Include a minimum of six references. Include a reference list with the report.
As the cloud security architect, you must understand the security development life cycle process. Review the following resources to learn about the security development life cycle process:
security development life cycle
software development methodologies
Click the following links to learn more about critical infrastructure sectors:
Critical Infrastructure Sectors
. Read their descriptions and consider which sector you support in your role.
Process Control Systems: Cybersecurity and Defense
To be completed by a designated team member:
You will begin your Life Cycle Management Report now.
Choose a fictional or actual organization. Describe the mission of the organization and the business need to move to a cloud environment.
Identify the scope of the security architecture and include a topology. To narrow your scope, focus on is.
Melissa ShortridgeWeek 6COLLAPSEMy own attitude has ch.docxwkyra78
Melissa Shortridge
Week 6
COLLAPSE
My own attitude has changed from lack of understanding to enlightenment over the years. In elementary school I never experienced students with disabilities in my classrooms, growing up. But as the years went on and legislation changed students with disabilities started trickling into general education classrooms. They were always ignored by other students and often times had an aide to assist them with assignments. As an adult my heart has opened up to accept all types of people. In the Pennhurst documentary, it was reiterated, they are just people (Baldini, 1968). Which is my outlook on how to treat everyone. Every single person is a human being, treat them the way you wish to be treated. Everyone no matter their race, disability or socio-economic status deserves to be treated humanely.
As an educator I have worked with several different types of students. Students from low socio-economic areas, behavioral issues, vision impairments, hearing impairments, with autism, hyper activity and down syndrome, and with all of these students I have given them my best effort to show them that they are students first. Slavin and Schunk (2017) said it best, “Each student has many characteristics, and the disability is only one of them. To define the child in terms of the disability does him or her an injustice” (p. 235). It is our role as an educator to incorporate different learning styles to give each student, regardless of disabilities, the education that they deserve.
Welcoming students with disabilities into my classroom will be an important aspect in my role as an educator. Allowing each student to feel love and acceptance by peers is important for any students success. Van Brummelen (2009) states, “ It is important to appreciate students with special needs for who they are. Always look beyond their disabilities and teach them as whole persons” (p. 208). Being an advocate for my students with learning disabilities will garner them respect and dignity that they need to be self sufficient. In the Pennhurst documentary, the children did not have complete proper advocacy from the people that worked with them. They were simply shuffled along and not given the proper education and care that they needed to be self-sufficient (Baldini, 1968). “Defend the weak and the fatherless; uphold the cause of the poor and oppressed. Rescue the weak and the needy; deliver them from the hand of the wicked” (Psalm 82:3-4, New International Version). It is our Godly duty to defend individuals who can not defend themselves. In His eyes we are all created equal and in that we all deserve equal treatment and opportunities.
References
Baldini, B. (1968). Suffer the Little Children: Pennhurst Pennsylvania State Home for Disabled Children [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://youtu.be/YG33HvIKOgQ
Slavin, R.E., & Schunk D.H. (2017). Learning Theories: EDUC 500 (1st ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson.
Van Brummelen, H. (2009). Walking wit.
Melissa is a 15-year-old high school student. Over the last week.docxwkyra78
Melissa is a 15-year-old high school student. Over the last week, she had been feeling tired and found it difficult to stay awake in class. By the time the weekend had arrived, she developed a sore throat that made it difficult to eat and even drink. Melissa was too tired to get out of bed, and she said her head ached. On Monday morning, her mother took her to her doctor. Upon completing the physical exam, he told Melissa the lymph nodes were enlarged in her neck and she had a fever. He ordered blood tests and told Melissa he thought she had mononucleosis, a viral infection requiring much bed rest.
Innate and adaptive immune defenses work collectively in destroying invasive microorganisms. What is the interaction between macrophages and T lymphocytes during the presentation of antigen?
Melissa’s illness is caused by a virus. Where are type I interferons produced, and why are they important in combating viral infections?
Humoral immunity involves the activation of B lymphocytes and production of antibodies. What are the general mechanisms of action that make antibodies a key component of an immune response?
.
1. The document describes measuring the angle θ between momentum vectors of particles π- and Σ- produced in a particle interaction using a bubble chamber photograph. The angle can be determined by drawing tangents to the particle tracks and measuring the angle between them.
2. An alternative method to measure the angle not requiring a protractor is described using ratios of distances along the tangents.
3. Instructions are given to estimate uncertainties in measurements taken from repeated readings using calculations of average and standard deviation.
Measurement of the angle θ For better understanding .docxwkyra78
Measurement of the angle θ
For better understanding I am showing you a different particle track diagram bellow. Where at
point C particle 𝜋 − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Σ− are created and the Σ− decays into 𝜋 ∓ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 K− particles
The angle θ between the π− and Σ− momentum vectors can be determined by drawing tangents
to the π− and Σ− tracks at the point of the Σ− decay. We can then measure the angle between
the tangents using a protractor. Alternative method which does not require a protractor is also
possible. Let AC and BC be the tangents to the π− and Σ− tracks respectively. Drop a
perpendicular (AB) and measure the distances AB and BC. The ratio AB/BC gives the tangent of
the angle180◦−θ. It should be noted that only some of the time will the angle θ exceed 90◦ as
shown here.
Determining the uncertainty of Measurements
In part B, It is asked to estimate the uncertainty of your measurements of 𝜃 and r.
Uncertainty of measurement is the doubt that exists about the result of any measurement. You
might think that well-made rulers, clocks and thermometers should be trustworthy, and give
the right answers. But for every measurement - even the most careful - there is always a margin
of doubt.
It is important not to confuse the terms ‘error’ and ‘uncertainty’.
Error is the difference between the measured value and the ‘true value’ of the thing being
measured.
Uncertainty is a quantification of the doubt about the measurement result
Since there is always a margin of doubt about any measurement, we need to ask ‘How big is the
margin?’ and ‘How bad is the doubt?’ Thus, two numbers are really needed in order to quantify
an uncertainty. One is the width of the margin, or interval. The other is a confidence level, and
states how sure we are that the ‘true value’ is within that margin.
You can increase the amount of information you get from your measurements by taking a
number of readings and carrying out some basic statistical calculations. The two most
important statistical calculations are to find the average or arithmetic mean, and the standard
deviation for a set of numbers.
The ‘true’ value for the standard deviation can only be found from a very large (infinite) set of
readings. From a moderate number of values, only an estimate of the standard deviation can be
found. The symbol s is usually used for the estimated standard deviation.
Suppose you have a set of n readings. Start by finding the average:
For the set of readings x={16, 19, 18, 16, 17, 19, 20, 15, 17 and 13}, the average is �̅� =
∑ 𝑥𝑖
𝑛
=
17.
Next find (𝑥𝑖 − �̅�)
2
Then 𝑠 = √
(𝑥𝑖−�̅�)
2
𝑛−1
= 2.21
Lifetime calculation
In part C you are asked to determine the life time of the neutral particles from their
momentums.
The Σ− lifetime can be approximately determined using the measured values of the Σ− track
lengths. The average momentum of the Σ− particle can be found from its initial and fin
Meaning-Making Forum 2 (Week 5)Meaning-Making Forums 1-4 are thi.docxwkyra78
Meaning-Making Forum 2 (Week 5)
Meaning-Making Forums 1-4 are this course's unique final project.
Be fully engaged in Phase Two!
After reviewing the readings, presentations, lecture notes, articles, and web-engagements, and previous assignments, artificially move your predetermined careseeker (i.e., Crossroads’ Careseekers: Bruce, Joshua, Brody, Justin, or Melissa) through Phase Two.
NOTE: These research-based forums require that you draw upon ALL
of the course readings and learning activities to date, in order to substantively develop each phase in our
Solution
-based, Short-term, Pastoral Counseling (SbStPC) process. Noticeably support each core assertion.
Rapport and Relational Alignment.
Briefly discuss how you will continue to build rapport and shift your relational style in order to best align with the careseeker’s style (i.e., use DISC language) and current behavioral position (i.e., attending, blaming, or willing).
Phase Two Distinctive Features.
Narrate movement of careseeker through Phase Two’s distinctive features (i.e., purpose, goal, chief aim, role/responsibility, use of guiding assumptions) and apply pertinent insights and techniques from ALL the readings, previous assignments, and the Bible.
Supportive Feedback Break.
What portrait, definition(s), key thought(s), and/or assessment insight from the
Quick Reference Guide
might be utilized in the supportive feedback technique?
Phase Two Marker.
Describe a marker that indicates you have collaboratively ‘imagineered” a picture of life without the problem. In what way does this marker indicate the careseeker is in a willing position and ready for Phase Three?
Food for Thought:
When learning a new people skill or counseling technique, is it normal to “feel” awkward and fake? Use at least 1 example and thoughtfully explain how this “feeling” might be normalized.
TIPS:
Carefully Follow Meaning-Making Forum Guidelines & Tips!
Make sure to use headings (5) so that the most inattentive reader may easily follow your thoughts.
Use the annotated outline approach. Bullets should have concise, complete, well-developed sentences or paragraphs.
Foster a “noble-minded” climate for investigating claims through well-supported core assertions (i.e., consider the validation pattern of the Bereans; Acts 17:11).
Noticeably support assertions to facilitate further investigation and to avoid the appearance of plagiarism.
Since you have the required materials (e.g.,
Masterpiece)
, abridge any related citations (Nichols, p. 12) and do not list the required source in a References’ section.
Secondary sources must follow current APA guidelines for citations and References.
Make every effort to prove that you care about the subject matter by proofreading to eliminate grammar and spelling distractions.
A substantive thread (at least 450 words)
.
MBA6231 - 1.1 - project charter.docxProject Charter Pr.docxwkyra78
MBA6231 - 1.1 - project charter.docx
Project Charter
Project Charter
Student Name
Institution
Course Code
Project Title: Michael Joseph Place, The place to be
Project Start Date: 25/7/2018
Projected Finish Date: 25/12/2018
Budget Information: $ 4,500.00
Project Manager: Student name,[email protected], 210- 105 - 6676
Business Need
The project manager will be hosting an evening lounge event that will be targeting the clientele to an upscale lounge to be built in downtown. Through such an event the city will have a positive exposure.
There will be need for effective marketing, music, modern décor and most likely investors. The menu for food and drinks will need to be within budget. The venue needs to have amiable space and adequate seats for all guests.
The first step to this project involves coming up with a plan on a piece of paper. Once this is done the next step will involve selection of vendors to various goods and services. Once everything has been put to perspective the next stage will be to involve investors who will include local business owners. These investors will be encouraged to do so with the exchange for them to market and advertise their products at the event. We will have three packages for investors including Silver, Gold and Platinum packages.
Project Objectives
The proposal is to have a social entertainment evening lounge in Chicago. The project managers will be showcasing the new concept of entertainment by holding a series of events known as “The Place to be!”
· The events will be used to showcase the atmosphere that the new lounge will be offering
· The events will offer the professional audiences an opportunity to network while at the same time being entertained.
· The events will be targeting an audience of 150 attendants
· To have an environment where attendants can dance, dine and drink socially while discussing business.
Approach
This project will be managed in accordance with the PMI approach as modified.
Assumptions/Constraints/Dependencies
The assumption is that with the provision of an exquisite and upscale venue that is mature in Chicago, IL, will be successful due to the fact that there is no such a venue within a 100 mile radius.
One of the likely constraint is finding a venue that grabs attention of the targeted crowd.
The success of these events depends on attracting two sets of individuals. One of them is investors and the other is private professionals who will attend a social event at night.
Initial Risk Factors
· Obtaining a liquor license on time for the event is the major risk factor.
· Failure of attendees despite investing money and time is another risk.
· Failing to complete the organizational plans within 30 days before the event series begin.
· Not attracting any viable investors
Regulatory cost/impact
One of the needed licensing is from the city council where I will be required to get a special event license. This will enable us to have alcohol i.
Medication Errors Led to Disastrous Outcomes1. Search th.docxwkyra78
Medication Errors Led to Disastrous Outcomes
1. Search the internet and learn about the cases of nurses Julie Thao and Kimberly Hiatt.
2. List and discuss lessons that you and all healthcare professionals can learn from these two cases.
3. Describe how the principle of beneficence and the virtue of benevolence could be applied to these cases. Do you think the hospital administrators handled the situations legally and ethically?
4. In addition to benevolence, which other virtues exhibited by their colleagues might have helped Thao and Hiatt?
5. Discuss personal virtues that might be helpful to second victims themselves to navigate the grieving process.
.
Meet, call, Skype or Zoom with a retired athlete and interview himh.docxwkyra78
Meet, call, Skype or Zoom with a retired athlete and interview him/her about his or her transition experiences.
Please use this
interview guide
Actions
when conducting your interview.
Submit a minimum 400 word written reflection with the following:
Brief summary of the athlete's sport career transition
Main takeaways from the conversation
Advice you received and what you learned
Connection to course material
.
Medication Administration Make a list of the most common med.docxwkyra78
Medication Administration
Make a list of the most common medication administration errors and suggest steps that can be taken to prevent these errors.
APA format is required for this written assignment. This is a safe assign homework, no more that 20% of similarities permitted.
.
media portfolio”about chapter 1 to 15 from the book Ci.docxwkyra78
“media portfolio”
about chapter 1 to 15
from the book
Ciccarelli, S., & White, J. (2017).
Psychology
(5th Edition), Pearson.
which can include
newspaper,
magazine clippings
, and other media
that illustrate
psychological concepts covered in this course.
o
It is encouraged to be creative as possible and consider a wide variety of
sources which include: newspapers, magazines, editorials, advice and
medical columns, cartoons, etc. The sky is the l
imit!
o
A minimum of 15 clippings
should be included and should cover each
chapter
in the text book
(Chapters 1 through 15).
o
Each clipping should be explained by providing the source and how it is
related to a particular psychological concept, theory, or research finding
from the text or class lectures.
o
Sources should be in APA format!
Each “media clipping” should be on letter sized (8 ½ x 11) sized paper,
Paper can colored, etc...be creative!
.
Mediation
Name
AMU
Date
Mediation
Recently, I had a dispute with a friend based on sharing of roles and duties at work. If I were to use a mediation to solve the conflict I would have used facilitative mediation instead of evaluative mediation. Facilitative mediation refers to the types of solving conflicts where the mediator creates a process to assist the parties in reaching into a mutual agreement. Evaluative mediation on the other hand refers to the type of mediation where the judge helps the parties in reaching into a resolution through using the weakness of the case (Shrout & Bolger, 2017). The nature of the dispute plays a very huge role when choosing the type of mediation style to use. Since some cases can not fit well or makes it hard to find a solution when using a certain mediation style. For instance work related disputes and family related disputes require mediation that won’t seem to favor one party.
I would use transformative mediation, since it is mostly bases on improving the personal power of each party (Folberg & Taylor, 2016). Also transformative mediation mainly helps in creating a sense of understanding between the two parties through communication so as to solve the dispute. And lastly the reason why I would use the mediation is because; the process that is used does not favor one party. During the process, the mediator listens to both parties and from this he or she is able to help in making the two understand each other and be able to come into a mutual agreement.
References
Folberg, J., & Taylor, A. (2016). Mediation: A comprehensive guide to resolving conflicts without litigation.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2014). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers, 36(4), 717-731.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2017). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychological methods, 7(4), 422.
.
Media coverage influences the publics perception of the crimina.docxwkyra78
Media coverage influences the public's perception of the criminal justice system and the policy agendas of those within the system. This often results in changes within the operational structure of the police, courts, and corrections centers. These changes include the firing of employees, the initiation of internal investigations, and the privatization of services. Respond to the following questions, and support your positions using credible research:
Assignment Guidelines
Address the following in 1,250–1,750 words:
How is the criminal justice system portrayed in the media? Explain.
What impact do the media have on a viewer's perception as to the system's efficacy in dealing with crime? Explain.
Does coverage of sensationalistic and violent crime create fear among the general public? Explain.
Does this fear influence criminal justice policy attitudes? Explain in detail.
Is there a correlation between gender, education, income, age, and perceived neighborhood problems and police effectiveness in dealing with crime? Explain in detail.
In this assignment, external research is essential to successful submission. You must utilize at least 5–7 academic or scholarly external resources to support your arguments.
Be sure to reference all of your sources using APA style.
.
Media Content AnalysisPurpose Evaluate the quality and value of.docxwkyra78
Media Content Analysis
Purpose: Evaluate the quality and value of claims made and information presented by various authors.
Task: Write an essay in which you critically analyze at least 3 published commentaries/presentations related to an issue connected to social media. For each commentary/presentation, your analysis must include an evaluation of the evidence and reasoning presented as well as an examination of the value the commentary/presentation has for its intended audience and others. Compare and contrast various authors’ claims and perspectives.
Points: 200 (160 points from rubric-based assessment; 40 points for submitting a Reviewed Draft*).
Requirements:
Review a minimum of three substantive articles, videos, or presentations that have been published in major print or multimedia sources (e.g., a magazine article; a blog; a YouTube video),
Provide a brief, meaningful summary of each of the published presentations.
Analyze the quality of the claim, evidence, and reasoning in each presentation, with a focus on the validity and value of the presentations.
Use APA format – including in-text parenthetical citations along with a reference list at the end of the assignment.
Answer the following questions in your analysis:
What are the purpose, claims, evidence, and reasoning of each presentation?
What are the qualifications and authority of each author?
In what ways do the authors reflect bias? How do the authors account for their bias?
Are there any significant statements or omissions that might affect the reliability of the information or arguments presented?
Presentation Format:
1000 - 2,000 words
12 point, Times New Roman or Arial Font
Double-Spaced
APA format for body and References page
Follow the paragraph format below to be sure that you have covered all the requirements for the topic you have chosen:
Paragraph #1 1st article title, author and their qualifications along with a summary of it. 20 points
Paragraph #2 2nd article title/presentation, author and their qualifications along with a summary of it 20 points
Paragraph #3 3rd article title/presentation, author and their qualifications and of course a summary of it. 20 points
Paragraph #4 compare and contrast the purpose and the claims of each of the three authors 20 points
Paragraph #5 compare and contrast the evidence shown and the reasoning of each author/presentation 30 points
Paragraph #6 in what ways do the author's reflect bias/fallacies and how do they account for them? 20 points
Paragraph #7 Are there any significant statements or omissions that might affect the reliability of the
information or arguments presented? Which one drew your attention and why? 20 points
APA References alphabetized, double spaced and indented on t.
Mayan gods and goddesses are very much a part of this text. Their i.docxwkyra78
Mayan gods and goddesses are very much a part of this text. Their interactions with one another and later with humans form a major part of our reading. How are the gods and goddesses portrayed in this text? How are those portrayals similar to or different from other representations of gods we have encountered?
.
Media and SocietyIn 1,100 words, complete the followingAn.docxwkyra78
Media and Society
In 1,100 words, complete the following:
Analyze two ways that media affect culture and society. Identify at least one positive and one negative implication arising from technology’s effect on society.
Media has changed exponentially over the past 25 years with the introduction of the Internet and social media. How can people enhance their media literacy? Identify one to two challenges that media will introduce for society in the next 20-30 years and how people can use their media literacy to meet these challenges.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the
LopesWrite Technical Support articles
for assistance.
FOLLOW THE RUBRIC- CHECK YOUR FINAL PAPER WITH THE ATTACHED RUBRIC!
.
MBA 5110 – Business Organization and ManagementMidterm ExamAns.docxwkyra78
MBA 5110 – Business Organization and Management
Midterm Exam
Answer each of the following questions in this document, inserting your answers between each question. You may use your textbook and notes, but you may not consult with another individual. You may not use the Internet for assistance in answering these questions. Each question should be answered with a minimum of one paragraph, properly formatted according to APA 6th edition guidelines and referencing your textbook. Please list your textbook in a reference section at the end of this document. Submit this Word document with your answers to Moodle.
1. How have organizational structures and management styles changed over the past century?
2. Explain the concept of open and closed systems and how this relates to organization theory.
3. Define each of Porter’s Competitive Strategies and give an example of a company using each of these strategies.
4. Compare vertical and horizontal organizational structures in terms of effectiveness and adaptability in the rapidly changing business environment.
5. Choose one of the following theories and explain the theory. Give an example of a company that demonstrates the chosen theory and how the company uses the theory.
Theories: Chaos Theory, Resource-Dependence Theory, Population-Ecology Perspective, Contingency Theory, or Organizational Learning Theory
Response 1 PD
Question 1
A set of beliefs, norms and values that is shared by a group, culture is a systemic sense that can create a common commitment to an organization’s mission. With identifying markers that extend beyond the individual, it can be represented in a fabric of shared themes and feelings. Whether displayed in forms of dress, symbols, verbal phrases or typical behaviors, its permeance can be silent in its mode of action, yet quite visible to internal and external stakeholders (Daft, 2018).
Serving two fundamental and critical functions, the culture of an organization can be a catalyst in uniting members in how they relate to one another within the organization and how the members follow the same process in relation to the outside environment (Daft, 2018). However, although it is often associated with ethical decision making (Kara, Rojas-Mendez & Turan), the element of inequality can create fear and discourse if an unrealistic and bias culture themes are dictated, thus resulting in disagreement or conflict with management. Therefore, the perception of stakeholders or groups of interest regarding the cultural practices of the organization may not be entirely correct (Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Diaz-Fernández & Biagio, 2019).
Directly related to the perception of the value system of the organization and its management, the acceptable cultural differences that shape the internal behavior of members can have an impact in external relationships (Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Diaz-Fernández & Biagio, 2019). However, as Daft (2018) noted, a mechanistic or controlling system may block any organic input,.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Macro Economics ExamShort EssaysPlease select and a.docx
1. Macro Economics Exam
Short Essays:
Please select and answer seven ( 7) of the following essay type
questions.
A. Please explain with specific examples for each category:
“Among risks the Fed is taking: that some programs won’t
work, that officials won’t be able to unwind them, that
politicians will grow accustomed to directing the central bank to
fix problems its tools aren’t designed to solve, and that public
discontent about the central bank’s choices will erode its
authority over time. “ WSJ 04 28 2020
B. What specific Macro-economic phenomenon is being
described. Explain how this phenomenon impacts the balance
sheet of the Federal reserve and of a commercial bank, “The
Fed has a unique power, the ability to create money by crediting
banks with funds they can lend. That helps it guide the cost of
money, which is the interest rate”
WSJ 04 28 2020.
C. Please describe four major initiatives that the Federal
Reserve has undertaken, in order to address the impact of
COVID-19 to the economy.
D. What does the “Bagehot’s Dictum,” refer to? Please explain
in the context of the effect of the current effect of the COVID-
19 to the economy.
2. E. Suppose the economy is suffering in a recessionary period.
Firms are facing increasing inventories and individual
consumers are increasing their saving to prepare for hard times
ahead. What is likely to happen to the economy and can it
correct itself and grow toward full employment in the short run?
How is this different and how is it similar to the impact of the
COVID-19 in the economy?
F. Describe the role of business inventory change in
determining the equilibrium level of GDP and changes in the
level of GDP.
G. Differentiate between an induced increase in consumption
and an autonomous increase in consumption. How are they
represented on a graph?
H. The expenditure schedule and the aggregate demand curve
show much the same thing, with one crucial difference-the price
level. How does the price level affect the two schedules?
I. Define the terms recessionary gap and inflationary gap. Why
do they occur? Please frame your answer within the context of
the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
J. Why do booms and recessions tend to be transmitted across
national borders? Please frame your answer within the context
of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
K. The total expenditure schedule in Macroland begins with
3. these initial levels (in billions of dollars): Income = 1,000;
Consumption = 900; Investment = 200; Government = 300; Net
Exports = −100. If the MPC = 0.75 and income increases in
increments of 200, find the equilibrium level of income. If full
employment requires an income level of 2,000, what (if
anything) should the government do? Indicate both the direction
of the spending change and the size of the spending change.
L. What is a multiplier? How does the multiplier effect occur?
Please provide examples of at least three types of multipliers in
an economy. Please provide some examples within the context
of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
M. Distinguish between a movement along the aggregate supply
curve and a shift of the entire aggregate supply curve. What
factors cause each to occur? Please include in your answer the
COVID-19 impact in the economy.
N. What causes the aggregate supply curve to have an upward
slope in the short run, but a vertical slope in the long run?
O. Using the concepts of aggregate demand and aggregate
supply, explain how the economy reaches an equilibrium level
of real GDP and price level.
P. Why is it possible that the economy will not self-correct out
of a recessionary gap? Please explain your answer within the
context of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
4. Q. What is meant by an economy's self correcting mechanism?
Explain the process through which self correcting mechanism
reduces inflationary gap.
R. When price level is considered, the value of the multiplier
will be less than that suggested by the oversimplified version of
multiplier. Why?
S. Why is a period of stagflation part of the normal aftermath of
a period of excessive aggregate demand?
T. Discuss some of the arguments that help explain why wages
and prices rarely fall in a modern economy.
U. Define the following terms and explain their significance to
the study of macroeconomics:
a.
fiscal policy
b.
transfer payments
c.
effect of income taxes on the multiplier
d.
supply-side tax cuts
e. automatic stabilizer
V. Explain why a change in income tax rates causes the
consumption schedule to change slope.
5. W. Why does the numerical value of the multiplier fall when an
income tax is added to the income-expenditure model?
X. Why is the personal income tax considered to be one of the
main features of our modern economy that helps ensure against
a repeat performance of the Great Depression?
Y. How do transfer payments function as negative taxes?
Z. Explain how a "conservative" and a "liberal" might differ in
the types of policies they advocate to counteract a recessionary
gap.
AA. Explain some of the steps that a government would wish to
adopt in an inflationary environment.
BB. What is the difference between tax cuts imposed on higher-
income households compared with lower- and middle-income
households? Discuss the implications for the multiplier and the
effectiveness of the tax cuts for boosting GDP.
CC. What are the policies usually advocated by supply side
economists? How do they justify these proposals?
DD. Discuss some of the general conclusions arrived at about
supply-side tax initiatives.
EE. What would be the likely result of a recessionary gap? If
6. this leads to a fall in the nominal wage what impact it would
have on the aggregate supply curve and on recessionary gap?
FF. Describe the main explanations for the downward rigidity of
wages in the modern macro-economy. Evaluate their probability
of being correct and important.
GG. Using the aggregate demand/aggregate supply model,
explain the difference in the employment prospects of the
graduates of 2007 and 2009.
HH. Define the following terms and explain their importance to
the study of macroeconomics:
a.
money
b.
M1
c.
near money
d.
bank run
II. What is a barter system? What are the drawbacks of this
system?
JJ. Why are the following included in the broader definition of
supply known as M2?
(a)
money market deposit accounts
(b)
money market mutual funds
7. (c)
savings accounts
KK. What is fiat money? Why is fiat money important in the
United States today?
LL. In what sense can it be said that money is a social
invention? How does a barter system of trade compare to the
invention of money?
MM. The banking system of the United States is a fractional
reserve system. What dangers does this pose for the safety of
the banking system?
NN. Bankers have a reputation for conservatism in politics,
dress, and business affairs. Is there an economic rationale for
this conservatism? Explain.
OO. Why are credit cards not considered part of the money
supply?
PP. What may limit the size of the money supply expansion to
an amount less than indicated by the oversimplified deposit
creation formula?
QQ. Explain the "too big to fail" doctrine.
8. RR. What is the criticism leveled against deposit insurance by
the FDIC?
SS. Discuss some of the government regulations designed to
ensure depositors' safety and to control the money supply.
TT. Explain why monetary policy is needed specifically with
regard to the existence of excess reserves. Compare and contrast
the effectiveness of monetary policy during the Great
Depression and the Great Recession?
UU. Define the following terms and explain their importance to
the study of macroeconomics.
a.
central bank
b.
Federal Open Market Committee
c.
supply of money
d.
monetary policy
VV. Why is the Chair of the Fed Reserve considered by many to
be the most powerful person in the economic world?
WW. Explain how interest rates and bond prices are related to
one another. Why is this important for monetary policy?
XX. Why do economists insist on emphasizing the difference
9. between money and income? Why is this difference important in
macroeconomics?
YY. Describe the origins of the Fed and the arguments about the
independence of the Fed.
ZZ. How does a central bank influence the lending capacity of
the banks?
AAA. Explain the concept of 'lender of last resort'. What is
discount rate?
BBB. What is the federal funds rate? What are the main
determinants of the federal funds rate?
CCC. How does an open market purchase by the Fed affect the
level of bank reserves and the interest rate? Illustrate the
interest rate effect by drawing the appropriate graph.
DDD. Explain the linkages in the causal chain when the Fed
conducts a contractionary monetary policy. What will be the
ultimate effect on GDP?
EEE. In 2007, as stock prices in general were falling, many
investors began switching their funds into purchasing bonds.
Surveys suggest that many of these investors did not understand
the basic relationship between bond prices and interest rates.
Using a numerical example, illustrate how an increase in the
demand for bonds would affect the interest rate paid on bonds.
10. FFF. Explain the relationship between interest rates and (1)
investments in housing, and (2) business investments.
GGG. Why does the economy's aggregate demand curve have a
negative slope?
Please answer all of the multiple choice questions:
Multiple choice questions:
1. The difference between disposable income and consumption
spending is
a.
transfer payments.
b.
personal taxes.
c.
net exports.
d.
personal investment.
11. e.
personal saving.
2. Historical data depicted on a scatter diagram show that
consumer spending and disposable income
a.
converge as income grows.
b.
generally move together.
c.
diverge as income grows.
d.
show no clear relationship.
3. If real disposable income is $300 billion and real consumer
expenditures are $250 billion, it can be assumed that
a.
the government is spending the difference.
b.
the difference is being invested.
c.
households are saving the difference.
12. d.
transfer payments make up the difference.
4. The relationship between consumer spending and disposable
income is called the
a.
conjunction function.
b.
consumption function.
c.
aggregate demand function.
d.
marginal spending function.
5. The Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) is defined as the
change in
a.
C over the change in DI.
b.
income over the change in disposable income.
c.
DI over the change in C.
d.
13. total income over the change in net income.
6. The nation's disposable income increases by $400 billion and,
as a result, consumer spending increases by $320 billion.
Therefore, the MPC equals
a.
0.16.
b.
0.20.
c.
0.60.
d.
0.80.
e.
0.96.
Figure 8-1
7. Based on the scatter diagram in Figure 8-1, approximately
how much will consumption increase after a permanent tax cut
of $400 billion?
a.
$100 billion
14. b.
$150 billion
c.
$250 billion
d.
$350 billion
8. If income in Austria decreases by 30 million euros and
consumption decreases by 24 euros, then the MPC equals
a.
0.90.
b.
0.80.
c.
0.60
d.
−0.60.
9. To predict the effects of a tax cut on consumption spending,
economists must have some estimate of the
a.
income effect.
15. b.
substitution effect.
c.
relative price effect.
d.
marginal propensity to consume.
10. A movement from one point to an another point on the same
consumption function could be caused due to
a.
changes in wealth.
b.
an increase in the general price level.
c.
decrease in the real interest rates.
d.
changes in disposable income.
Figure 8-2
11. In Figure 8-2, which of the following moves can be
16. explained by a decrease in the price level?
a.
A to B
b.
A to C
c.
A to D
d.
A to E
Figure 9-1
12. In Figure 9-1, at $7,000 billion real GDP,
a.
inventories are increasing.
b.
spending falls short of output.
c.
spending exceeds output.
d.
Both a and b are correct.
17. 13. Government stabilization policy
a.
cannot influence investment spending.
b.
can stimulate aggregate demand and thereby induce businesses
to invest, but the amount is not totally predictable.
c.
can stimulate aggregate demand, but investment spending will
not be affected.
d.
can stimulate aggregate demand, but only in the long run.
14. The Japanese economy has been consistently weak
throughout the 1990s. This has caused a slight deflation,
illustrating the
a.
negligible cost of eliminating inflation.
b.
very slow operation of the economy's self-correcting
mechanism.
c.
tendency of inflation to accelerate during recessions.
d.
rapidity with which inflation can be stopped.
18. 15. When money wages rise, the most significant effect on the
aggregate supply curve is that it
a.
shifts outward.
b.
shifts inward.
c.
becomes flatter.
d.
becomes steeper.
16. To predict the effects of a tax cut on consumption spending,
economists must have some estimate of the
a.
income effect.
b.
substitution effect.
c.
relative price effect.
d.
marginal propensity to consume.
17. The principal way in which an economy self-corrects from
an inflationary gap is through
19. a.
deflation, which increases purchasing power.
b.
inflation, which reduces purchasing power.
c.
disinflation, which maintains purchasing power.
d.
price level decreases, which stimulate production.
18. When the inflationary gap is finally eliminated, a long-run
equilibrium is established with a ____ price level and with GDP
____ potential GDP.
a.
higher; equal to
b.
higher; greater than
c.
lower; equal to
d.
lower; greater than
19. An inflationary gap exists when consumers
a.
are saving more than businesses are investing.
20. b.
and businesses are purchasing less than the economy is capable
of producing.
c.
and businesses are demanding more than the economy is capable
of producing.
d.
and businesses are demanding less than the full employment
level of output.
20. The typical result of an adverse supply shock is
a.
falling output accompanied by accelerating inflation.
b.
falling output accompanied by decelerating inflation.
c.
rising output accompanied by accelerating inflation.
d.
rising output accompanied by decelerating inflation.
21. The case for government stabilization policy is made more
compelling if the
a.
self-correcting mechanism works very slowly.
b.
21. self-correcting mechanism works too fast.
c.
value of the multiplier is very small.
d.
aggregate supply curve is very flat.
22. As the U.S. labor force grows and the nation's capital stock
is augmented by investment, the
a.
price level will rise.
b.
aggregate supply curve shifts inward.
c.
aggregate supply curve shifts outward.
d.
aggregate supply curve becomes steeper.
23. A decrease in the price of resources will cause the aggregate
supply curve to
a.
shift outward.
b.
shift inward.
c.
22. become flatter.
d.
become steeper.
24. Aggregate supply is defined as
a.
how much the economy can produce at zero unemployment.
b.
an amount of output the economy will produce at full
employment.
c.
the relationship between the expenditures schedule and the
leakages schedule.
d.
the relationship between the price level and the quantity of real
GDP supplied.
25. Fiscal policy consists of
a.
taxes and interest rates.
b.
government purchases and defense spending.
c.
the money supply and taxes.
23. d.
taxes and government spending.
26. The government's fiscal policy is its plan to influence
aggregate demand by changing
a.
the money supply.
b.
minimum wage levels.
c.
sales taxes.
d.
taxation and spending.
27. Historically, the government has used fiscal policy to affect
the economy through
a.
central planning.
b.
indicative planning.
c.
aggregate demand.
d.
aggregate supply.
24. 28. The use of spending and taxes by the government to
influence aggregate demand is known as
a.
monetary policy.
b.
governmental policy.
c.
administrative policy.
d.
fiscal policy.
e.
federal policy.
29. The oversimplified formula for the multiplier is misleading
because it ignores the effects of
a.
price-level changes.
b.
the foreign sector.
c.
variable taxes.
d.
25. All of the above are correct.
30. An automatic stabilizer is a feature of the economy that
a.
makes prices "sticky."
b.
reduces its sensitivity to shocks.
c.
maximizes its volatility.
d.
automatically reduces recessionary trends.
31. How does an increase in government transfer payments
affect aggregate demand?
a.
It has the same effect as a tax increase, which lowers AD with a
larger multiplier than a spending decrease.
b.
It has the same effect as a tax cut, which increases AD but with
a smaller multiplier than a change in spending.
c.
It has the same effect as a spending increase, which increases
AD with a larger multiplier than a tax cut.
26. d.
It has the same effect as a spending decrease, which increases
AD with a larger multiplier than a spending decrease.
Figure 11-1
32. In Figure 11-1, the slope of the expenditures schedule is .75
and the government wishes to achieve full employment. It
should
a.
cut spending by 1,000.
b.
increase spending by 1,000.
c.
cut taxes by 1,000.
d.
increase spending by 250.
e.
cut taxes by 250.
33. A bank run involves a large flow of money
a.
into bank depositors' accounts.
b.
27. into checking and savings accounts.
c.
out of depositors' accounts.
d.
out of individuals' cash reserves into money market funds.
34. Barter is a system of
a.
trade without the use of money.
b.
trading one good for another.
c.
the double coincidence of wants.
d.
All of the above are correct.
35. Fiat money is
a.
always backed by gold or silver.
b.
useful in buying Italian cars.
c.
only backed by government decree.
28. d.
not as liquid as precious metals.
37. With the invention of banking, one important aspect of
money was that
a.
banks have some discretion over the money supply.
b.
banks have complete control over the money supply.
c.
governments lost all control over the money supply.
d.
individuals have no discretion over the money supply.
38. One intention of deposit insurance is to reduce the danger of
a.
excess lending.
b.
excess profits.
c.
risky lending.
d.
bank runs.
e.
29. All of the above are correct.
39. Which of the following would be a liability to a bank?
a.
cash in the vault
b.
a loan to a new business
c.
a checking account of a professor
d.
All of the above are correct.
40. The central bank of the United States is known as the
a.
Internal Revenue Service.
b.
Federal Reserve System.
c.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
d.
Department of Commerce.
41. Technically, the Federal Reserve district banks are
corporations whose stockholders are the
30. a.
state governments in each district.
b.
citizens of the United States.
c.
Departments of Treasury and Commerce.
d.
member banks.
42. Which of the following observations is true?
a.
State governments are the shareholders of the Fed.
b.
The Fed chairman is appointed for a ten year term.
c.
FOMC decisions largely determine short-term interest rates.
d.
Member banks proportionately share all of Federal Reserve's
profits.
43. If the Federal Open Market Committee decides to expand
the money supply, then it will
a.
raise the discount rate to member banks.
31. b.
issue directions to purchase government securities, thus putting
more reserves in member banks.
c.
issue directions to sell government securities, thus taking
reserves from member banks.
d.
order new Federal Reserve notes delivered to member banks.
44. Which of the following statements is correct?
a.
from the bank's point of view, loans to customers are assets of
the bank
b.
from the bank's point of view, loans to customers are liabilities
of the bank
c.
from the customer's point of view, loans to customers are assets
of the customer
d.
from the customer's point of view, loans to customers are
liabilities of the customer
e.
a and b only
f.
a and d only
32. 45. If the banking system has $5 million in excess reserves, and
the required reserve ratio is 25 percent, what is the maximum
amount by which the money supply can be increased?
a.
$25 million
b.
$20 million
c.
$5 million
d.
$2.5 million
46. The required reserve ratio is 10 percent, but banks actually
keep 20 percent on reserve. The actual money multiplier will be
a.
10.
b.
9.
c.
5.
d.
2.
e.
33. 1.
47. If the Fed buys more bonds from the public, and increases
the price it is willing to pay for the bonds, what will happen to
interest rates?
a.
They will rise.
b.
They will fall.
c.
They will remain unchanged.
d.
The relationship between bond prices and interest rates is
unclear.
48. If the Fed decides to buy T-bills, it increases the demand for
T-bills. How will this affect the price of T-bills and the interest
rate?
a.
T-bill prices fall and interest rates fall.
b.
T-bill prices rise and interest rates rise.
c.
T-bill prices rise and interest rates fall.
d.
34. T-bill prices fall and interest rates rise.
2
Introduction
Orion Corporation is a hypothetical organization that deals with
the trade of retail goods. It’s headquarter is located in Denver,
Colorado and has been in business since 1996 AD. Since the
inception of Orion Corporation, it has been growing rapidly and
dealing mainly with consumer grocery products which range
from milk to meat to noodles to pasta, and so on. Orion
Corporation operates primarily within Colorado and has 25
locations so far. The primary objective of Orion corporation is
to provide qualitative products at an affordable price and
maintain a healthy relationship with its customers. This
company had been operating only via its onsite location up until
2010 and now has shifted it’s business tactics to online
shopping as well. Orion Corporation has its online website
orionco.org where customers can place an online order for
onsite pickup or home delivery.
Current Operating System
Orion has been using the Windows 7 Professional edition as its
operating system that has been able to support its 64-bit CPU.
This OS has provided Orion Co. with Windows Anytime
upgrade features so that they can upgrade and unlock features of
any OS they chose. This professional version of Windows 7 has
provided with features like encrypting file system, software
restriction policies, remote desktop server location, backup to a
network location, support up to 192 Gb of RAM, and so on.
35. Orion Co. is using Windows 7 Professional edition that uses a
single-core processor (AMD K) for carrying out the instruction.
The OS has helped Orion Co. to make computational
calculations and logical decision making. Lately, Orion Co. has
been facing several problems with its operating system like
overheating, slacking performance, and excessive power
consumption. As Orion Co. try to increase their clock speed, the
heat generated by the chip of OS is significantly increasing.
Thus, the problem of freezing occurs whenever several
instructions are provided to the operating system.
Proposed
Solution
Orion Corporation has been growing significantly which also
signifies the increase in the number of transactions made and
website use. This means more pressure is put on the current
single-core operating system to carry out several instructions at
a time.
The author proposes the use of a dual-core operating system
(Intel Core i7) for Orion Corporation which will eliminate most
of the current problems faced by the company and increase
efficiency. A dual-core operating system will be able to enhance
the performance of OS as information or instruction is divided
into multiple units and multiple processors will execute the
instructions simultaneously. Thus, multiple requests or
36. instructions can be carried out eliminating the problem system
freezing. It will be beneficial when multithreading or using
multiple applications of office suites. Likewise, the use of
multiple core operating systems will be cost-efficient as it uses
shared resources like peripheral and memory and due to the less
cost for cooling. Overall, the proposal of a dual-core operating
system would be beneficial for Orion Corporation.
Steps to upgrade processor and core
We need to understand and identify the best processor for our
computer to upgrade our processor and core. Since, Orion
Corporation has been using dell desktops with Windows 7 OS
(AMD K6 processor), upgrading it to Windows 10 OS with Intel
Core i7 is recommended.
The following steps need to be followed while choosing to
upgrade the processor and core:
Step 1: Identify and understand the motherboard and processor
and select the processor or core that is compatible with the
motherboard.
Step 2: Identify the motherboard model using the command
prompt to find basic information about the computer
37. motherboard. “Use the following command in the command
prompt: wmic baseboard get the product, manufacturer, version,
serial number.” (Jenic, 1)
Step 3: Determining processor socket type used by the
motherboard by entering the motherboard name, model number,
socket, and chipset in the search engine.
Step 4: Purchasing the processor or core that matches the
motherboard. We can purchase a processor or core depending
upon the price, compatibility, and computational needs.
Step 5: Installing the new compatible processor by turning off
the computer, removing the side panel and locating the
motherboard, removing the current heat sink and processor and
replacing it with a new one, plugin the heat sink and new
processor, reassemble all the part and restart the computer.
System requirements for upgrade:
The system requirement to update the Windows 10 OS for Orion
Corporation’s dell laptops are:
· Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster processor or SoC
· RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit
· Hard disk space: 16 GB for 32-bit OS or 20 GB for 64-bit OS
· Graphics card: DirectX 9 or later with WDDM 1.0 driver
· Display: 800 x 600
38. Scheduling Algorithms (Week 2).
Working Environment:
Orion Corporation has 25 locations over Colorado and will be
maintain all their transaction in a virtualized environment. The
main server would be in the head office of Denver which would
partition the physical server to several virtual servers by using
virtualization software. These virtual environments would be on
all 25 locations and working independently.
Orion corporation would be using a single server that would run
on Windows operating system. Since, Orion co. has several
39. locations and would be doing transaction thousands of time a
day, they want to maintain uniformity across all their locations,
they would be working on a virtual environment. The company
would be using server virtualization which would include
storage virtualization, network virtualization, and workload
management. The working in virtualized environment will help
Orion Co. to cut down the cost by the efficient use of resources
(not over or underutilization of servers and hardware),
distribute workloads across virtual machines which would
improve the turnaround and response time.
Types of scheduling algorithm used:
Orion Corporation has decided to use First Come First Serve
(FCFS) and Round Robin scheduling algorithm for their
business. Orion has chosen these two-scheduling algorithms
based upon the decision mode, throughput, starvation, response
time, effect of process and overhead of scheduling algorithm.
The scheduling algorithms has been briefly described below:
First Come First Serve (FCFS):
The FCFS scheduling algorithm is a simple concept where the
first in the line is served first no matter what priority is held by
40. the task. In other words, the scheduler in FCFS executes the
process in the order they are submitted to the processor. The
benefits and challenges of using FCFS in Orion Corporation has
been listed below:
Benefits:
· FCFS is better for long process because we do not have to
switch CPU often. Once, the CPU has been allocated it would
permit the process no matter what time it consumes.
· It is simple method, easy to implement, and minimum
overhead on processes due to few movements of processes.
· There will be no starvation as it gives equal priority to all the
task. Thus, task or process with low priority do not have to wait
to be executed.
Challenges:
· The primary effect of FCFS is the convey effect that means
smaller process have to wait for a long time if they are behind
the long process.
· The average wait time, response time is poor compared to
other scheduling algorithm and it also penalizes the short
processes or input output bound processes. Round Robin:
A Round Robin scheduling algorithm is the most popular and
preemptive version of FCFS where time quantum is allocated to
each process. In other words, a certain time is allocated to every
process which would be executes in cyclic way. The benefits
and challenges of Round Robin scheduling algorithm has been
41. listed below:
Benefits:
· Since RR does not depend upon the time burst, it is
implementable and effective in the transaction processing
system, time sharing system, and general-purpose system.
· There is fair treatment for all processes as CPU is allocated to
all processes for a certain time quantum.
· It is beneficial for short processes due to excellent response
time.
· The resources are utilized in a balanced order, there is no
starvation, and the overhead is also minimum.
Challenges:
· There may be the context switching overhead due to time
quantum. If there is a long process and the quantum time is
insufficient, the process will go back to the queue and must wait
again for other process to execute.
· Determination of time quantum is critical because if its is too
short, it causes frequent content switching lowering the CPU
efficiency and if its too long, it causes poor response time for
short interactive process.
· The process with long burst time may be starved.
Concurrency Mechanism (Week 3)
42. Enterprise Environment:
Orion Corporation has decided to work on a distributed
operating system environment. Across 25 locations, several POS
and computers would be interconnected using a shared
communication network (LAN network). The main office server
would be responsible for overlooking all the branch office
network, server, and the CPU. The reason Orion Corporation
has chosen to work on distributed environment is that it is
possible for users to get access to files which are not present in
their branch system but on some other branch system using the
shared communication network. This will allow remote access
to devices like computers and POS connected within the
network and would be beneficial when one of the system goes
down as there is always another system they can be used while
the broken one is under maintenance.
Since Orion Corporation is a grocery chain, they would be using
hundreds of POS and computers / CPUs. If one of the POS
within the network fail, it will not affect the other POS / system
as they are independent to each other. Likewise, resources
would be shared which will allows fast and durable
computation, workload on host POS would be reduced, and its
scalability feature allows to increase or decrease the number of
POS or system in the network.
Semaphore Concurrency Mechanism:
Concurrency is bound to happen in Orion Corporation’s system
43. as hundreds of people would be using POS at any given time
that means several POS would be competing for resources like
process time to access I/O devices or a memory block of main
memory. Issues like deadlock, live-lock, race condition, and
starvation may arise which could be solved with a proper
concurrency mechanism.
It is suggested Orion Corporation to adopt semaphore
concurrency mechanism to manage the concurrent processes in
our shared main memory. Semaphore uses integer value to
signal among processes. We can perform three operation using
the semaphore concurrency mechanism i.e. initialization (given
non-integer value), increment for unblocking of process, and
decrement for blocking of the process. The primitive semiSignal
(s) would be used to transmit the signal, semiWait (s) would be
used to receive the signal, and if no signal is transmitted the
process will be suspended in a semaphore concurrency
mechanism.
Initially the semaphore is initialized to a no- negative value.
Then the semiWait operation will decrease the value of
semaphore. If the semaphore value become anything other than
negative, it continues the execution of process otherwise the
process execution is blocked. Likewise, the semiSignal
operation will increase the value of semaphore. If the
semaphore value becomes zero or less than zero, the process
execution is blocked by semiWait operation, and anything else
44. is unblocked. Thus, it will help to solve the concurrency
problem in Orion Corporation’s operating system.
Introduction
Orion Corporation is a hypothetical organization that deals with
the trade of retail goods.
It’s headquarter is located in Denver, Colorado and has been in
business si
nce 1996 AD. Since
the inception of Orion Corporation, it has been growing rapidly
and dealing mainly with
consumer grocery products which range from milk to meat to
noodles to pasta, and so on.
Orion Corporation operates primarily within Colorado and has
25 locations so far. The primary
45. objective of Orion corporation is to provide qualitative products
at an affordable price and
maintain a healthy relationship with its customers. This
company had been operating only via its
onsite location up until 2010 and
now has shifted it’s business tactics to online shopping as well.
Orion Corporation has its online website orionco.org where
customers can place an online order
for onsite pickup or home delivery.
Current Operating System
Orion has been using the
Windows 7 Professional edition as its operating system that
has been able to support its 64
-
bit CPU. This OS has provided Orion Co. with Windows
Anytime
upgrade features so that they can upgrade and unlock features of
any OS they chose. This
professional v
ersion of Windows 7 has provided with features like encrypting
file system,
46. software restriction policies, remote desktop server location,
backup to a network location,
support up to 192 Gb of RAM, and so on.
Orion Co. is using Windows 7 Professional edi
tion that uses a single
-
core processor
(AMD K) for carrying out the instruction. The OS has helped
Orion Co. to make computational
Introduction
Orion Corporation is a hypothetical organization that deals with
the trade of retail goods.
It’s headquarter is located in Denver, Colorado and has been in
business since 1996 AD. Since
the inception of Orion Corporation, it has been growing rapidly
and dealing mainly with
consumer grocery products which range from milk to meat to
noodles to pasta, and so on.
Orion Corporation operates primarily within Colorado and has
25 locations so far. The primary
objective of Orion corporation is to provide qualitative products
at an affordable price and
47. maintain a healthy relationship with its customers. This
company had been operating only via its
onsite location up until 2010 and now has shifted it’s business
tactics to online shopping as well.
Orion Corporation has its online website orionco.org where
customers can place an online order
for onsite pickup or home delivery.
Current Operating System
Orion has been using the Windows 7 Professional edition as its
operating system that
has been able to support its 64-bit CPU. This OS has provided
Orion Co. with Windows Anytime
upgrade features so that they can upgrade and unlock features of
any OS they chose. This
professional version of Windows 7 has provided with features
like encrypting file system,
software restriction policies, remote desktop server location,
backup to a network location,
support up to 192 Gb of RAM, and so on.
Orion Co. is using Windows 7 Professional edition that uses a
single-core processor
(AMD K) for carrying out the instruction. The OS has helped
Orion Co. to make computational