The document discusses riveted joints, covering their advantages such as low cost and ease of joining dissimilar materials, as well as disadvantages including the need for skilled labor and potential leakage issues. It outlines various types of failures that can occur in riveted joints and presents strength equations to analyze their performance under different stress conditions. Additionally, it includes examples illustrating the calculations for rivet dimensions, plate thickness, and joint efficiency based on permissible stresses.

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RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
Associate Professor & HOD
Department of Mechanical engineering
Course : B.E. 5th
Semester
Subject : Machine Design - I

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Stress & Strain (Tensile & Compressive )

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Shear Stress (Simple & Torsional )

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Bending Stress

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Rivet material:
 Usually rivet is made up of wrought iron or soft steel due to lower
hardness which is necessary to have easy deformation during riveting.
 Sometimes copper, aluminum are used in corrosive environment. Only
material requirements are ductility, toughness and hardness.
 IS-2100-1962 gives the steel rivet specifications which are used in boilers.

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Advantages of riveted joints:
 Cheaper fabrication cost
 Low maintenance cost
 Dissimilar metals can also be joined, even non-metallic joints are possible with
riveted joints.
 Ease of riveting process.
Disadvantages of riveted joints:
 Skilled workers required
 Leakage may be a problem for this type of joints, but this is overcome by special
techniques.
Applications of riveted joints:
 Boiler shells
 Structures members and bridges parts
 Railway wagons and coaches
 Buses and trucks

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
The following terms are used in the terminology of riveted joints:
(i) Pitch (p) The pitch of the rivet is defined as the distance between the centre of one rivet to the
centre of the adjacent rivet in the same row. Usually,
p = 3d
where d is shank diameter of the rivet.
(ii) Margin (m) The margin is the distance between the edge of the plate to the centre line of rivets
in the nearest row. Usually,
m = 1.5d
(iii) Transverse Pitch (pt) Transverse pitch, also called back pitch or row pitch, is the distance
between two consecutive rows of rivets in the same plate. Usually,
pt = 0.8p (for chain riveting)
= 0.6p (for zig-zag riveting)
(iv) Diagonal Pitch (pd) Diagonal pitch is the distance between the centre of one rivet to the centre
of the adjacent rivet located in the adjacent row.

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
TYPES OF FAILURE
The types of failure in riveted joints are illustrated in Figure According to
conventional theory, the failure of the riveted joint may occur in any one or
more of the following ways:
a) shear failure of the rivet;
b) tensile failure of the plate between two consecutive rivets;
c) crushing failure of the plate;
d) shear failure of the plate in the margin area
e) tearing of the plate in the margin area.
Based upon the above-mentioned criteria of failure, strength equations are
written for riveted joints.

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
STRENGTH EQUATIONS
The strength of riveted joint is defined as the force that the joint can withstand
without causing failure.
In analysis of riveted joints, mainly three types of failure are considered. They are
as follows:
(i) shear failure of the rivet;
(ii) tensile failure of the plate between rivets;
(iii) crushing failure of the plate.
Based on the above criteria of failure, the strength equations are derived.
Refer : Machine Design Data Book by V. B. Bhandari
Article No. 8.9 : Riveted Joint
Table No. : 8.37, 8.38, 8.39, 8.40
Page No. : 8.25 - 8.28

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(i) Shear Strength of Rivet The shear failure in
the rivet of a single-riveted lap joint is illustrated in Fig. (a). In this case, the rivet
is in single shear. The strength equation is written in the following way,

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
In case of double or triple riveted lap joints, there are number of rivets and the
above equation is modified and written in the following way:

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
In case of double-strap single-riveted butt joint, the rivets are subjected to
double shear as shown in Fig. (b). The area that resists shear failure is twice
the cross-sectional area of the rivet.

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(ii) Tensile Strength of Plate between Rivets
The tensile failure of the plate between two consecutive rivets in a row is
illustrated in Fig. 8.56. The width of plate between the two points A and B is (p –
d/2 – d/2) or (p – d) and the thickness is t. Therefore, tensile resistance of the
plate between two rivets is given by,

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(iii) Crushing Strength of Plate The crushing
failure of the plate is illustrated in Figure. This type of failure occurs when the
compressive stress between the shank of the rivet and the plate exceeds the
yield stress in compression. The failure results in elongating the rivet hole in the
plate and loosening of the joint. The crushing resistance of the plate is given by,

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
EFFICIENCY OF JOINT
The efficiency of the riveted joint is defined as the ratio of the strength of riveted
joint to the strength of un-riveted solid plate. The strength of the riveted joint is the
lowest value of Ps, Pt and Pc. The strength of solid plate of width, equal to the pitch
p and thickness t, subjected to tensile stress st is given by,
Note : If the joint is continuous as in case of boilers, the strength is calculated
per pitch length, but if the joint is small, the strength is calculated for
whole length of the plate.

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Example-1 : Two flat plates subjected to a tensile
force P are connected together by means of
double-strap butt joint as shown in Fig. 8.60. The
force P is 250 kN and the width of the plate w is
200 mm. The rivets and plates are made of the
same steel and the permissible stresses in tension,
compression and shear are 70, 100 and 60 N/mm2
respectively. Calculate:
(i) the diameter of the rivets;
(ii) the thickness of the plates;
(iii) the dimensions of the seam, viz., p, pt and m;
(iv) the efficiency of the joint.

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Example-2 : Two plates, each 5 mm thick, are connected by means of four rivets
as shown in Fig. 8.79. The permissible stresses for rivets and plates in tension,
shear and compression are 80, 60 and 120 N/mm2 respectively.
Calculate:
(i) diameter of the rivets;
(ii) width of the plate; and
(iii) efficiency of the joint.

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Example-3 : Two plates, each 15 mm thick and carrying an axial load of 175 kN, are
connected by means of double-strap butt joint as shown in Fig. 8.80. Assume that
rivets in double shear are 1.875 times stronger than in single shear. The permissible
stresses for rivets and plates in tension, shear and compression are 80, 60 and 120
N/mm2 respectively. Calculate:
(i) diameter of the rivets; and
(ii) width of the plate.
Assuming the above values, calculate:
(iii) strength of the joint if failure is to occur along the section-AA;
(iv) strength of the joint if failure is to occur along the section-BB;
(v) strength of the joint if failure is to occur along the section-CC;
(vi) strength of the joint if the failure is to occur due to shearing of rivets;
(vii) strength of the joint if the failure is to occur due to crushing of rivets;
(viii) strength of solid plate; and
(ix) efficiency of the joint.

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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Dr. Ritesh Dewangan
HOD, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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Thank You