Macbeth Booklet
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In Act 1 of Macbeth, three witches prophesy that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and king. Their prophecy comes true when Macbeth is named Thane of Cawdor for his victory in battle. Inspired by his wife Lady Macbeth, Macbeth murders King Duncan while he stays at their castle, fulfilling the second part of the prophecy. However, Macbeth begins to feel paranoid about losing his new position as threats to his rule emerge.
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Macbeth Booklet
- 2. LIT AO1, AO2, AO3 Act One Scene One The three witchesmeet in a stormand decide when they will meet up again. AO1: Whatdoes the weather suggestto the audience about these characters? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ AO2: Whyare the linesbelowimportant?What do they establishabout this play? Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air. (fromBBC Bitesize): InShakespeare’stimepeople believedinwitches.Theywere people whohadmade a pact withthe Devil inexchange forsupernatural powers.If yourcow wasill,itwas easyto decide ithad beencursed.If there wasplague inyourvillage,itwasbecause of awitch.If the beansdidn’tgrow,itwas because of a witch.Witchesmighthave a familiar –a pet,or a toad,or a bird – whichwassupposedtobe a demonadvisor.Peopleaccusedof beingwitchestendedtobe old,poor,single women.Itisat thistime that the ideaof witchesridingaroundonbroomsticks(acommonhouseholdimplementinElizabethan England) becomespopular. KingJamesI became kingin1603. He was particularlysuperstitiousaboutwitchesandevenwrote abook on the subject.Shakespeare wrote Macbethespeciallytoappeal toJames – ithas witchesandisset in Scotland,where he wasalreadyking.The three witchesin Macbeth manipulate the charactersintodisaster, and cast spellstodestroylives. AO3: How doesShakespeare presentthe witchesto support Elizabethanideas about witchcraft? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
- 3. LIT AO1, AO2 Act One Scene Two King Duncan and his son,Malcolm,meet a sergeant,who talksaboutMacbeth (Thaneof Glamis) and what a good warriorhe is. Duncan decidesto makeMacbeth Thaneof Cawdorasa reward for killing the traitorousMacdonwald. Sergeant: Doubtful itstood; As twospentswimmers,thatdoclingtogether Andchoke theirart. The mercilessMacdonwald-- Worthyto be a rebel,forto that The multiplyingvillaniesof nature 5 Do swarmupon him--fromthe westernisles Of kernsandgallowglassesissupplied; Andfortune,onhisdamnedquarrel smiling, Show'dlike arebel'swhore:butall'stooweak: For brave Macbeth--wellhe deservesthatname-- 10 Disdainingfortune,withhisbrandish'dsteel, Whichsmokedwithbloodyexecution, Like valour'sminioncarvedouthispassage Till he facedthe slave; Whichne'ershookhands,nor bade farewell tohim, 15 Till he unseam'dhimfromthe nave to the chaps, Andfix'dhisheaduponour battlements. AO1 & AO2: What do we learn about Macbeth in this extract? Macbeth in 1:2
- 4. LIT AO1 Act One Scene Three The three witchestalk aboutwhatthey’vebeen doing sincethey lastmet – it involves‘killing’ and ‘revenge’. Macbethand Banquo appear,and thewitcheshailMacbeth as‘thaneof Glamis…thaneof Cawdor…that shall be king hereafter’.They also hail Banquo as‘Lesserthan Macbeth,butgreater…Notso happy,yet much happier…Thou shallget kings,though thou benone.’Thewitchesthen disappear,leaving Macbeth and Banquo to pondertheirwords.Rossand Angusarriveand tell Macbeth heis now thaneof Cawdor. Macbethprivately pondersthepossibilitythathe mightbe king,concluding it is bestto let the future unravelby itself. AO1, AO2 – Annotate this extract, focusingon how Shakespeare presentsMacbeth,and how he uses foreshadowingto create a sense of foreboding: MACBETH [Aside] Cannot be ill, cannot be good: if ill, Why hath it given me earnest of success, Commencing in a truth? I am thane of Cawdor: If good, why do I yield to that suggestion Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair 5 And make my seated heart knock at my ribs, Against the use of nature? Present fears Are less than horrible imaginings: My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, Shakes so my single state of man that function 10 Is smother'd in surmise, and nothing is But what is not. BANQUO Look, how our partner's rapt. MACBETH [Aside] If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me, Without my stir. 15 BANQUO New horrors come upon him, Like our strange garments, cleave not to their mould But with the aid of use. MACBETH [Aside] Come what come may, Time and the hour runs through the roughest day. 20
- 5. LIT AO1 Act One Scene Four Macbethand Banquo meetDuncanatthe palace.Macbeth is hailedas thaneof Cawdor,andcontinuestoconsiderthetantalisingprospectof becomingking. AO1: Complete thistable using quotesfrom the firstfour scenesof the play.In the final column,consider:are these characters changing?What is influencingthese changes? Character Key Quote What we learn about them Macbeth Duncan Banquo
- 6. LIT AO2, AO3 Act One Scene Five We meet Lady Macbeth,who is reading a letter fromMacbeth,telling her aboutthewitches’prophecy.She decides thatthey will kill King Duncan whilsthe is a guestat their castle. Macbeth entersand Lady Macbethsets aboutconvincing himto murderDuncan. (fromwww.elizabethanenglandlife.com):Men assumed a dominant position in [Jacobean] society. It was the man of the house who worked and fetched for food to keep his family alive. Apart from being the sole bread earner of the family, the eldest male member was the head of the house. Everyone had to obey him and do as was being told… Jacobean women continued to live a life that was sub-ordinate to men. They were supposed to obey what was told to them. The main responsibility of married women was to take care of the household matters and raise children. AO2, AO3 – How much does Lady Macbeth follow the traditionalmodel of a Jacobean woman? Annotate the following extracts, thinking about how Shakespeare is using language to present her to the audience: Hie thee hither, That I may pourmy spiritsinthine ear ************** Come, youspirits That tendon mortal thoughts,unsex me here, Andfill me fromthe crown to the toe top-full Of direstcruelty!make thickmyblood; Stopup the access and passage toremorse, That no compunctiousvisitingsof nature Shake myfell purpose,norkeeppeace between The effectandit! Come tomy woman'sbreasts, Andtake my milkforgall,youmurderingministers, Whereverinyoursightlesssubstances You waiton nature'smischief! **************** looklike the innocentflower, But be the serpentunder't.
- 7. LANG AO5,AO6 Writing Task: Lady Macbeth Usingthe eventsof ActOne Scene Five,write adescriptionof LadyMacbeth.You can focuson herphysical appearance,herpersonality,ora combinationof both. Itmightbe effectivetoincorporate some linesfromthe playintoyour description. Remembertoconsider: Vocabulary and figurative language Sentence formsand structures Whole textorganisation and paragraphing Spelling,punctuationand grammar _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
- 8. LIT AO1, AO2 Act One Scene Six Duncan,hissons(Malcolmand Donalbain) and Banquo arriveatMacbeth’scastle.They aregreeted by Lady Macbeth,who personifiesherlines fromthe previousscene:‘ looklike the innocentflower,/Butbetheserpent under't.’ ***SPOILER ALERT: Both Duncan and Banquoare murderedwhilststayingatMacbeth’scastle.*** Dramatic irony: Whenthe knowledge ofthe audience surpassesthat of the characters. AO1, AO2: Whyare the linesbelowironic? DUNCAN This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself Unto our gentle senses. BANQUO This guest of summer, The temple-haunting martlet, does approve, 5 By his loved mansionry, that the heaven's breath Smells wooingly here: no jutty, frieze, Buttress, nor coign of vantage, but this bird Hath made his pendent bed and procreant cradle: Where they most breed and haunt, I have observed, 10 The air is delicate. AO2: Thisscene acts like a‘buffer’betweentwoscenesinwhich LadyMacbethconvincesherhusbandtomurder Duncan.Why do youthinkShakespeare chose toinclude it? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
- 9. LIT A01 Act One Scene Seven The scene openswitha SOLILOQUY(a speech thatonly the audiencehears,revealing a character’sinner thoughts and feelings) fromMacbeth,in which he is wrestling with his conscience:should hekill Duncan or not?Lady Macbethenters,and Macbethtells her he will notgo through with it. Lady Macbeth questionsherhusband,and once again convinceshimto murderthe king. ***SPOILER ALERT – Macbeth murders A LOT ofpeople besidesDuncan,before he is murderedat the endof the play*** AO1: WhydoesShakespeare allow us to hear Macbeth’sthoughts and feelingsatthis pointin the play? Annotate the extract below,focusingon what is goingthrough Macbeth’s mind: Macbeth: But inthese cases We still have judgmenthere;thatwe butteach Bloodyinstructions,which,beingtaught,return To plague the inventor:thiseven-handedjustice Commendsthe ingredientsof ourpoison'dchalice 5 To our ownlips.He'shere indouble trust; First,as I am hiskinsmanandhissubject, Strongboth againstthe deed;then, ashishost, Who shouldagainsthismurderershutthe door, Notbear the knife myself.Besides,thisDuncan 10 Hath borne hisfacultiessomeek,hathbeen So clearin hisgreatoffice,thathisvirtues Will pleadlike angels,trumpet-tongued,against The deepdamnationof histaking-off; Andpity,like anakednew-bornbabe, 15 Stridingthe blast,orheaven'scherubim, horsed Upon the sightlesscouriersof the air, Shall blowthe horriddeedineveryeye, That tears shall drownthe wind.Ihave nospur To prick the sidesof myintent,butonly 20 Vaultingambition,whicho'erleapsitself Andfallsonthe other.
- 10. LIT A02, AO3 Act One Scene Seven AO1, AO2, AO3: How doesLady Macbethconvince Macbethto go through with the murder? Strategy Quote Whyit’s effective (refertoCONTEXT where relevant) Gettingangry with Macbeth QuestioningMacbeth’s masculinity Usingviolentimagery Suggestingfailure isn’tan option,as longas he is brave Comingup with a way to hide their guilt
- 11. LIT AO1 ACT ONE 5 wordsto describe… Macbeth 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lady Macbeth 1. 2. 3 4. 5. CONNECTIONS GAME M SUPERNATURAL JACOBEAN ENGLAND DEATH SIGHT AMBITION LM FATE W NATURE CHANGE B SEXUALITY D CONFLICT
- 12. LIT AO1 AO2 ACT ONE Reimagine the eventsof Act One as a seriesofwhatsapps sent betweenMacbethand Lady Macbeth. You shoulddraw the textboxes,indicate what time they were sentand whetheror not they’ve beenread. You can also include picturesif relevant.
- 13. LIT AO1 AO2 Act Two Scene One Banquo tells his son,Fleance,that he cannotsleep even though hefeelstired. Banquo and Macbeth talk;Macbeth lies to Banquo and sayshe‘think[s] notof’thewitchesand their prophecy.Macbeth performshissecond soliloquy, claiming to see ‘a dagger’floating in the air beforehim and leading him to performthemurderof Duncan. AO2 – At the start of this scene,the atmosphere is much changed. How is thisapparent inthe extract below? BANQUO Hold, take my sword. There's husbandry in heaven; Their candles are all out. Take thee that too. A heavy summons lies like lead upon me, And yet I would not sleep: merciful powers, Restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature Gives way to in repose! Enter MACBETH, and a Servant with a torch Give me my sword. Who's there? AO1, AO2: Macbeth delivershissecondsoliloquy,inwhich he is preparing himselftokill Duncan. How does Shakespeare use language to show the changes in Macbeth’scharacter? Pick 2 quotesand create a mindmapof what they show:
- 14. LIT AO1 AO2 Act Two Scene Two Lady Macbethis waitingfor newsfromMacbethaboutthemurder.Macbetharrivesandtells her he hasdoneit, buthe feels guilty.Lady Macbethtells him notto be weak.They heara knocking;Macbethsayshewishesit wouldbringDuncanbacktolife. AO1, AO2 – Complete the table below,focusingon the ways Macbeth and Lady Macbethreact to the ‘deed’. Character Thoughts and feelings Quote What this shows– focus on language and structure inyour analysis Macbeth Becomingparanoid “Will all greatNeptune'soceanwashthis blood Cleanfrommy hand?” Lady Macbeth Frustratedwith Macbeth “Had he notresembled My fatherashe slept,Ihad done't.”
- 15. LIT AO2 AO3 Act Two Scene Three The porter(oneof theservantsatMacbeth’scastle) is complaining aboutthebanging atthegates,comparing himself to a doorman atthegatesof hell. Macduff entersand asksto see theking. Macbeth tells him he’sstill asleep.Whilst Macduff goesto see Duncan,Lennox tellsMacbeth abouta terrible stormthe previousnight. Macduff returns,telling themthe king is dead.Macbeth and Lennox go to see theking,and Duncan’ssons (Donalbain and Malcolm) appear.Macbeth comesbackand tellsthem he haskilled the servants,which Macduff questions.Lady Macbetharrives,and promptly faints.Macduff,Banquo,Macbeth and theotherlordsagreeto assemblein the hall shortly.Malcolmand Donalbain,fearing fortheirown lives, flee to England and Ireland respectively. AO2 – A lot happens inthis scene,which starts off humorouslyand ends withsignificantplot developments. 1) Whydo you thinkShakespeare decidedto include a comic scene at thispoint in the play? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Whydo you thinkwe are introducedto Macduffat this pointin the play? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ AO3 – InJacobeanEngland,people still largelybelievedinthe divine rightofkings – the belief thatGodputthe kingon the throne,andtherefore onlyGodcouldremove him.Anattackon the kingwasan attack onGod Himself,whichisabelief thatthe Stuartkingssuchas JamesI promotedinorderto validate theirclaimtothe throne. How would Shakespeare’saudience have reactedto the murder of King Duncan? Why?(REGICIDE = murder ofa king – use this word in your response). _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________
- 16. LIT AO1 AO2 Act Two Scene Four Rossdiscussesthe ominouseventsof thepastfew dayswith an old man.Macduff arrivesand providesexposition: Donalbain and Malcolmare suspected murderersasthey haverun away;Macbeth isgoing to be declared king. Patheticfallacy=whenthe weatherreflectsthe moodorcomingeventsinatext. AO1, AO2 – Shakespeare usespatheticfallacy a lotin this play, and the start ofAct Two Scene Four is no exception.Whatdo the followinglines allude to? bythe clock, 'tisday, Andyetdark nightstranglesthe travellinglamp: Is't night'spredominance,orthe day'sshame, That darknessdoesthe face of earth entomb, Whenlivinglightshould kissit? AO1, AO2, AO3 – Write a paragraph about how the weather has beenimportant in the play so far. You should referto other parts of the play as well as this scene. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
- 17. LANGUAGE AO5 AO6 Writing to Describe Write a descriptionof Macbeth’scastle the nightthatDuncan ismurdered.Youshouldfocusoncreating atmosphere anddepth,ratherthanthe actual murderitself.Youcould describe differentstagesthroughoutthe night,or at the time of the murder.Youcan use referencesfromthe playinyourresponse if youlike.Remember to consider: Vocabulary and figurative language Sentence formsand structures Whole textorganisation and paragraphing Spelling,punctuationand grammar _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
- 18. LIT AO1 ACT TWO 5 wordsto describe… Macbeth 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lady Macbeth 1. 2. 3 4. 5. CONNECTIONS GAME M GUILT JACOBEAN ENGLAND M SIGHT AMBITION LM FATE W NATURE CHANGE B SEXUALITY D CONFLICT
- 19. LIT AO1 Act Three Scene One Banquo museson thefactthat thewitches’ prophecy hascometruefor Macbeth,andwonderswhetheritwill come truefor him aswell. MacbethentersandasksBanquo if he is goingriding thatafternoon,andif heis takinghis sonwith him.Macbethperformsasoliloquy,explainingthathefeels threatenedby Banquo.Hemeetswith three murderers, andarrangestohaveBanquo andFleancemurdered. AO1 – How isthe Macbeth of Act Three differenttothe Macbethof Act One?Do they share any common traits at all? ACT ONE ACT THREE BOTH
- 20. LIT AO1 AO2 Act Three Scene Two Macbethand Lady Macbethtalk.Lady MacbeththinksMacbethshouldbehappy nowhe’sking;Macbethsaysthey havenotfinished yet,asBanquo isstill alive. Lady Macbeth tells him toleave it, but Macbethwill notbe placated.WhenLady Macbethaskswhatwill happen,Macbethrefusestolet her in onthe plan. AO1: In thisscene,we reallystart to see Macbeth changing – he and his wife have almost swappedplaces.Referringto Act One Scene Five,findquoteswhere Macbeth and Lady Macbethare echoingthe sentimentsinthis scene – but in reverse: Act One Scene Five Act Three Scene Two What it shows Lady Macbeth: “looklike the innocentflower, But be the serpentunder't” Macbeth: Lady Macbeth: Macbeth: “Come,seelingnight, Scarf up the tendereye of pitiful day;” AO2: Macbethmakes lots of referencestoanimals inthis scene.Whydo you think he refersto these animals? What do they symbolise? “We have scorchedthe snake,not killedit”:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “O, full of scorpionsis mymind,dearwife!”: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “ere the bat hath flown/Hiscloister'dflight,ere toblackHecate'ssummons/The shard-borne beetle withhisdrowsyhums/Hathrungnight'syawningpeal”:_________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Light thickens;andthe crow/Makeswingto the rookywood:”____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 21. LIT AO1 AO2 AO3 Act Three Scene Three The three murdererslie in wait forBanquo and Fleance.They murderBanquo,butFleanceescapes. AO2/AO3: King Duncan ismurderedoffstage,as are the king’s chamberlains;this is the first time we see any violence onstage.Whydo think Shakespeare choosesto have Banquo murderedonstage? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ AO1: Create a pie chart, suggestingwho is responsible forthe eventsthat have taken place so far. There are some examplesbelowto helpyou:
- 22. LIT AO1 AO2 Act Three Scene Four Macbethand Lady Macbethhold a banquet.Themurdererscomein and tell Macbeth thatBanquo isdead buthis son Fleance escaped.RossasksMacbethto join themat the table,but Macbeth seesBanquo’sghostseated in his place. The ghostdisappears,Lady MacbethcalmsMacbeth down,and theghostappearsagain.Macbeth shouts at it again, and it disappears.Lady Macbethasksthelordsto leave.Macbeth asksLady Macbeth why Macduff wasn’tatthe banquet,and sayshewill speakto thethree witches again. AO1, AO2: Whydo you thinkMacbeth seesthe ghost?Think about: Has Macbethseenthings before inthe play? Whydoesn’t the ghost speak to Macbeth? Whydoes the ghost appear whenhe does? What doesMacbeth say to the ghost? What might the ghost symbolise? Banquo’s Ghost
- 23. LIT AO1 AO2 Act Three Scene Five The three witchesmeet with Hecate,the goddessof witchcraft.Sheis annoyed with themfor meddling with Macbeth’sfuturewithoutconsulting herfirst.Shedeclares that,when Macbeth meetswith them tomorrow,they should fillhim with a falsesense of security and show him confusing visions. AO1, AO2: Do you think Hecate’s descriptionofMacbeth is a fair one? Why? a waywardson, Spiteful andwrathful,who,asothersdo, Lovesfor hisownends,notfor you. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ AO1: In Greekmythology,Acheronwas one of the five riversthat ran through the underworld.It was known as the “riverof woe.” Whatdoes thistell us about Hecate’splans for Macbeth? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
- 24. LIT AO1 Act Three Scene Six Lennox and a lord are at Forres.Lennox is questioningtherecenteventsin thekingdom.FleancehasbeenblamedforBanquo’sdeath,ashehasfled.However,bothsuspect Macbethwasinvolved in themurderof DuncanandBanquo.ThelordexplainsthatMacduff hasgonetoEngland,tojoin withMalcolm.This hasled Macbethto prepareforwar. BothLennox and thelord hopethatMacduff andMalcolmcansaveScotlandfromMacbeth. AO1 –The endof Act Three signifiesachange in fortune for Macbeth – he has gone from beinga respectedthane to a ‘tyrant’. Complete the table below,indicatinghow perceptionsofMacbeth have changed since Act One. Remember,youare focusingon what people say about him,rather than what he says. Act Character Speaking What they say about Macbeth (quote) What we learn about Macbeth One Two Three
- 25. LIT AO1 ACT THREE 5 wordsto describe… Macbeth 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lady Macbeth 1. 2. 3 4. 5. CONNECTIONS GAME M GUILT JACOBEAN ENGLAND M SIGHT AMBITION LM FATE W NATURE CHANGE B SEXUALITY D CONFLICT
- 26. LIT AO2 AO3 Act Four Scene One The three witchesmeet on theheathandcast spells.They predict the arrivalof Macbethby declaring“somethingwickedthis way comes.”Macbethaskstobe shown some predictionsof whatthe futureholds.Thewitches showMacbethaseries of apparitions:A floatingheadtells him to “bewareMacduff”;abloody childtells him that“none of womanborn/ShallharmMacbeth”;acrownedchild,with a tree in his hand,tells him thatno harmwill come to himuntil Birnam WoodmovestoDunsinaneHill. These predictionsfill Macbethwithconfidence.Finally,Macbethis shownaprocessionof 8 kings,the last onecarryinga mirror.Banquo’s ghostwalksbehindthefinalking.Macbeth askswhatthe vision means,butthewitches disappear.Lennox entersandtellsMacbeth thatMacduff hasgonetoEnglandtounitewith Malcolm.Macbethresolvestosend murderersto Macduff’scastletocaptureit andkill Macduff’swifeandchildren. AO3: JamesI believedthathe wasa descendantof Banquo;the presentationof Banquoand Macbethin the playisclearlydesignedtoflatterthe king(whowasapatronof Shakespeare’splays).Whencrowned,Jamesheldtwoorbs(representingEnglandandScotland) –there isa reference tothisinthe play. AO2, AO3 – Whatdo the visionsmean, and how can we interpretthem differentlytothe way Macbeth does? Vision What the apparition says What Macbeth thinks(quote) What this means How we can interpretthisdifferently First Apparition:an armedHead SecondApparition: A bloody Child Third Apparition:a Child crowned,with a tree in his hand A showof Eight Kings,the lastwith a glassin his hand; GHOST OF BANQUO following
- 27. LIT AO1 AO2 Act Four Scene Two At Macduff’scastle,Lady Macduff talksto Rossabouthow herhusband isa “traitor” and hasabandoned herand their children in Scotland.Rossleaves,and Lady Macduff tellsher son thathis fatheris dead.Her son arguesthat he is not.A messengerarrivesand warnsLady Macduff to leave,butshe arguesthatshehasdoneno harm.The murderersenter,and call Macduff a “traitor.”Macduff’sson callsthemliars, and is murdered.Lady Macduff runs offstage,pursuedby themurderers. AO1, AO2 – Thisis an incrediblyviolentscene –how has the violence escalatedas the play has progressed? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ AO2 – Lady Macduffdraws an allusionbetweenherselfanda wren, stating: the poor wren, The most diminutive of birds,will fight, Her youngonesinher nest,againstthe owl. Thisis the fourthand final reference toowlsinthe play;otherswere made by LadyMacbeth inAct Two Scene Two,whenDuncan ismurdered,andbythe oldman in Act TwoScene Four,talkingaboutthe unnatural events that have occurredsince Duncan’smurder: Lady Macbeth: It was the owl that shriek'd,the fatal bellman, Whichgivesthe stern'stgood-night. ****************** I heardthe owl scream and the cricketscry. OldMan: 'Tis unnatural, Evenlike the deedthat'sdone.OnTuesdaylast, A falcon,toweringinherpride of place, Was by a mousingowl hawk'dat andkill'd. What is Shakespeare usingan owl as a symbol for? Annotate the quotesabove withyour ideas.Try to consider alternative interpretationsas well.
- 28. LIT AO1 Act Four Scene Three Malcolmtests Macduff tomakesurehe is loyal to him (andScotland) ratherthantoMacbeth.Rossentersandinitially tells Macduff hiswifeandchildren are well, before breaking down and tellinghim they havebeenmurdered.Macduff swearsrevengeonMacbeth. AO1 - How has Macbeth brought about his own death? Event in the play How it brings about his death Macbeth andBanquo meetthe witches The witches’prophecyputsthe ideaof beingkingintoMacbeth’shead.Hisinitial scepticismisknockedwhenhe ismade Thane of Cawdor Macbeth writestohiswife, tellingheraboutthe witches’prophecy Macbeth has Macduff’swife andchildrenmurdered
- 29. LIT AO1 ACT FOUR 5 wordsto describe… Macbeth 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Act Four is only 3 sceneslong,but it is a turning point in the play. Why? 1. 2. 3. 4. CONNECTIONS GAME M GUILT JACOBEAN ENGLAND M COMPULSION AMBITION LM FATE W NATURE CHANGE B SEXUALITY D CONFLICT
- 30. LIT AO1 Act Five Scene One In DunsinaneCastle,a doctorand gentlewoman discussthechangesin Lady Macbeth,who hasbeen sleepwalking. She enters,sleepwalking,speaking to herself abouttheblood thatshecannotremovefromher hands. AO1, AO2 – Thisis the first time we have seenLady Macbeth onstage since Act Three Scene Four. How has she changed?Focus your ideasaround the extract below,annotating it and drawing comparisons with herrole in the rest ofthe play. Considerhow some of her words can be seenas metaphorical as well as literal: Out, damned spot! out, I say!--One: two: why, then, 'tis time to do't.--Hell is murky!--Fie, my lord, fie! a soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account?--Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him. AO1, AO2 - This isLady Macbeth’slast scene – her death isreported to us later in the play. Why do you think Shakespeare chose to include thisscene in the play? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
- 31. LIT AO1, AO2 Act Five Scene Two-Five A group of lordsdiscussthe plansforthe battle – Macduff and Malcolmmarch north, and will unitewith the Scottish army who oppose Macbeth. Macbethis preparing forbattlein Dunsinane Castle,brimming with confidenceafterthepropheciesfromthe witches.He is told thatthe opposing army consistsof ten thousand soldiers,and asksforhisarmour,even though the battleis still a long way off.Thedoctortells Macbeth thathis wifeis sick; Macbeth ordersthedoctorto cure her. MalcolmdiscussesMacbeth’sposition withSiward;they decide to cut down branchesfromBirnamWood in order to protectthem asthey approach thecastle. Macbethhears“a cry of women”;Seyton returnsto tell him Lady Macbeth is dead.Macbeth isstunned by this news.He then hearsthatthe trees of BirnamWood are moving towardshiscastle.He declares heis ‘weary of the sun’and will die in battle. AO2 – There are a lot of short scenesin this act, alternating betweenMacbethand the opposingarmy. What impact does thishave on the audience? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ AO1, AO2: One of the most famous speechesin‘Macbeth’is deliveredbyMacbethafter he hears ofhis wife’s death. What doesMacbeth mean?What is he saying about life,and the decisionshe has made? To-morrow,andto-morrow,andto-morrow, Creepsinthispettypace fromday to day To the last syllable of recordedtime, Andall our yesterdayshave lightedfools The way to dustydeath.Out,out,brief candle! Life'sbuta walkingshadow,apoorplayer That struts andfretshishour uponthe stage Andthenis heardno more:itis a tale Toldby an idiot,full of soundandfury, Signifyingnothing.
- 32. LIT AO1 AO2 Act Five Scene Six-Eleven Malcolm, Siward and Macduff advance on Macbeth’s castle with tree boughs as their shields. Theyleave the stage. Macbeth repeats the witches’ prophecy that he cannot be killed by someone ‘of woman born.’ Young Siward approaches and fights Macbeth, and is killed. Macbeth leaves. Macduff, enters, searching for the ‘tyrant’ Macbeth. He leaves. Siward and Malcolm enter, heading for Macbeth’s castle. They leave the stage. Macbeth enters, declaring he will not kill himself. Macduff enters and they fight. Macbeth declares he cannot be killed ‘by one of woman born’. Macduff replies that he was ‘from his mother’s womb untimely ripped.’ Macbeth says he will not fight him. Macduff tells him to yield and they will put him on show. Macbeth says he doesn’t want to live to see Malcolm become king. They leave the stage fighting. Malcolm, Siward and Ross enter. Ross tells Siward his son is dead; Siward is glad to hear he died as a hero. Macduff returns to the stage with Macbeth’s head. He declares Malcolm king. He declares Macduff, Siward and Ross the first earls of Scotland, and recalls his brother to Scotland. AO1 – Why does Macbeth’s death appear offstage? Why is he beheaded? Is it important that he dies fighting? Why? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ AO2 – After Macbeth’s death, the play ends quite abruptly, with a short speech from Malcolm vowing to address the wrongs done to Scotland by ‘this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen’. Why do you think the play ends here? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ AO1 – Macbeth is called many things in the play – which words best describe him in your mind? Brave Valiant Worthy Gentleman Noble Partner Worthiest Cousin Peerless Kinsman Great Coward Man Good lord Royal Highness Wayward Spiteful Wrathful Wicked Treacherous Traitor Devilish Sinful Fiend Villain Usurper Butcher
- 33. Macbeth – Critical Thinking In the play, Shakespeare makes use ofa number of themes, whichare developed and amplifiedas the playprogresses. The best wayto visualise these themes is to use a concordance, which collects together everyuse ofa particular word within the whole play, puttingit intocontext. This is important as it shows us whois using these words, and how their meaning is beingdevelopedor alteredas the playgoes on. It is a particularlyeffective wayto analyse language and structure, as you cantrace clearlyhowanidea is developed. Using the online resource www.opensourceshakespeare.org, search for ‘Macbeth’ andthenlookfor instances of particular words appearing in the play. Examples are givenbelow, but you couldsearchfor a different theme, witha little guidance from your teacher. Once you have some results, look at them critically: Whyare those particular characters using those words? Where are theybeing used? Does the meaningof the wordchange depending onwhenit is used, or who is usingit? Some good examples for your investigationmight include: NATURE – also lookupUNNATURAL, NATURES, NATURAL. Remember that there are two meanings to consider here, andthat Shakespeare is sometimes playingon both ofthem… SIGHT – alsolookupSIGHTLESS. Again, consider the different meanings behindthe ideaof sight. SLEEP – alsolookupALSEEP, SLEEPY, SLEEPLESS, SLEEPING, SLEEPERS. BLOOD – also lookup BLOODY, BLOODIER Remember, you donot have to analyse all of the citations – in some cases there are more than 20 – but you need to see ifyou canidentify anypatterns or ideas that you thinkare important. Your keyquestions are always WHY andHOW. NOTES _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________