The document discusses the meaning and functions of management, emphasizing the importance of coordinating resources to achieve organizational goals. It outlines key management functions such as planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling, as well as various management theories, including scientific management, administrative management, and total quality management. Additionally, it highlights the significance of understanding these theories to improve management practices in response to changing times.

1. Module 1:
The Meaning, Functions,
Types and Theories of
Management

2. Management
Management is the process of coordinating and overseeing the work
performance of individuals working together in organizations, so that they
could efficiently accomplish their chosen aims or goals.
It is also defined the process of designing and maintaining an environment for
efficiently accomplishing selected aims (Heinz, Welhrich, and Koontz,2009)
- is the process of supervising the over-all operation of the
people and other resources through an efficient and
effective implementation of the various functions towards
the achievement of the organizational goals.

3. Management pertains on how to get things done through the
proper utilization of all the organizational resources specially the
people in order to achieve predetermined plans and goals, like in
dealing with your own personal life you actually apply
management on it and perform the various functions in order to
maximize your time, talents and resources by means of studying
and working hard so that you can reach and attain your various life
goals and certainly you are not just doing it for yourself but also for
your loved ones and the people around you that is why the
concept and functions of management plays a big part in every
person success. However, if you fail to perform it properly and apply
the various functions efficiently and effectively you will have a hard
time reaching your goals in life.

4. FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

5. Planning- it is the primary functions of
management that involves the setting of
organizational goals, establishing useful
strategies, identifying the tasks to be
performed and when it should be done in
order to achieve both the short-term and
long-term goals of the company.

6. Organizing- it is the act of transforming all the
plans into realization and it involves the
assigning and coordination of specific task
and resources to the various groups that will
enables them to contribute for the immediate
attainment of the company objectives.

7. Staffing- involves the manning of various job
position in the organization structure through
the process of proper and fair recruitment,
selection, appraisal and development of the
personnel that will support the organization’s
success in achieving their goals.

8. Leading or Directing- deals with providing
clear instructions and guiding the employees
regarding the tasks that they are required to
do and encourage a positive attitude towards
work that will motivates them to perform well
towards the realization of the company’s
aims.

9. Controlling- is the task wherein setting of
standards of performance are made and
comparing it with the actual performance of
the individual or groups, to ensure that the
jobs are done in accordance to the plans and
if not, necessary corrections must have to be
made.

10. It is necessary for us to know and understand
how the various theories of management
influence and bring huge impacts on how
present management practices are being
done also which among those are no longer
use or needs to be improved in order to
adapt with the fast changing times. Here are
the following management theories

11. apply scientific approach in doing a task
It follows a step by step procedure in
performing a specialized task in order to
expedite the process that will increase
worker’s productivity and establish the “best
way” of doing the task.

12. introduce the concept of a “Fair Day’s Pay
for Fair Day’s Work”
this means that workers must be paid
according to the amount produced. Taylor
wants to encourage improved productivity
through monetary compensation. (piece
rate system)

13. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY
❖introduced by Frederick W. Taylor, who is also known as “The Father
of Scientific Management”
❖apply scientific approach in doing a task
- It follows a step by step procedure in performing a specialized
task in order to expedite the process that will increase worker’s
productivity and establish the “best way” of doing the task.
❖introduce the concept of a “Fair Day’s Pay for Fair Day’s Work”
- this means that workers must be paid according to the amount
produced. Taylor wants to encourage improved productivity
through monetary compensation. (piece rate system)
❖introduce the Principles of Scientific Management
1.“Time and Motion” study- it is a systematic approach performed in
order to determine how jobs are being done and identify which
way will only take a little time and a little motion to finish a task.

14. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY
This replace the rule of thumb method (Hit or miss approach).
1.Scientifically select and then train, teach and develop the
workers.- workers are being chosen and train based on their
abilities and skills to perform a specialized task that will eventually
makes them to become experts of the job.
2.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is
done in accordance with principles of science that has been
developed.- the managers work closely with the workers to
supervise their performance and to ensure increase in productivity
by following the required process.
3.Divide work and responsibility almost equally between the
management and the workers.- this only means that both
manager and the workers shares equal amount of responsibility

15. ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT THEORY
developed by Henri Fayol, who is known as “The Father of
Modern
Management”
focus on the efficient implementation of organizational
management practices
It emphasizes on how managers perform his managerial
 functions that will both benefit the organization and the
employees ❖

16. promotes top-down approach.
This means that the command will come from
the top management downwards to the last
level of the organizational structure
❖ develops the 14 principles of management:
1. Division of labor 8. Centralization
2. Authority and Responsibility 9. Scalar Chain of Authority
3. Discipline 10. Maintenance
of Order
4. Unity of Command 11. Equity/fairness
5. Unity of Direction 12.
Stability/Security of Tenure
6. Subordination of Individual Interest 13. Employee Initiative
7. to General Interest Remuneration 14. Promotion of team spirit or Esprit

17. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY
introduced by Frederick W. Taylor, who is also known as “The Father of Scientific Management”
BUREAUCRATIC THEORY
Introduced by Max Weber
management is defined by clear set of rules
this theory believes that good performance can be derived when there
are detailed rules that govern all employees how they should

18. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY
T TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT(TQM)behave and
be treated.
division of labor
it means that tasks are being divided among employees and the organization and
take accountable for their individual or group performance.
promotes formal and impersonal relations
in this way everyone is treated fairly and in accordance with the defined rules, this will
also to avoid favoritism.
develops a clear hierarchical structure of authority


19. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)- this means that
managers make objective decisions in
accordance with the defined rules and regulations
and without bias. For example: the manager will have to
promote an employee, he/she will perform the process
based on the qualifications, expertise and performance of
the personnel and not because of personal reasons.

20. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)
proposed by quality experts, W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M.
Juran
focus on customer satisfaction both external and internal
this theory give emphasis on how to meet the needs and
demands of the external customers in terms of providing quality
products and services and at the same time the internal which
are the employees through providing continuous development
and rewards system.
promotes the continuous improvement in the quality of both the
products and services as well as the people

21. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR (OB)
APPROACH
this means that constant improvement of the products
through continuous market research are being
considered to be able to meet the increasing demand of
the customers and for the employees, by providing them
with various seminars and trainings that will further
develop their skills and abilities as well their performance
that will contribute to the company’s competitive edge in
terms of its profitability and sustainability.

22. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR (OB) APPROACH
- This is a very important task for the managers to
consider in order to create an organizational culture
that encourage continuous growth and development
among their people and influences and shapes their
behaviors in a manner that will contribute in the
realization of the organizational objectives.

23. if every individual understand each other it
will be easy for them to cooperate and to work
harmoniously with one another towards the
attainment of organizational goals. Also if the
employee feels the sense of belongingness and
importance within the group as well as with
the organization they worked in, it boosts
their morale and they are likely to become
more productive.