1) The Muslims in Mecca faced severe persecution from the Quraysh tribe, which tried to limit the spread of Islam and control Muslim migration. 2) Due to the persecution, the Prophet Muhammad received a revelation from God telling him to migrate to Yathrib, later known as Medina, where Muslims would be protected. 3) In 622 CE, the Prophet Muhammad and Abu Bakr secretly left Mecca and made the journey on foot to Yathrib, marking the beginning of the Hijra, or migration, and the start of the Muslim calendar. This migration established the first permanent Muslim community free from persecution.

1. s.1 ep.17 The Hijra: A New Beginning

2. Events Iqra’, Al-Mudatsir As-Syuara: 214, Al-Hijr: 94 Proclaim Abyssinia 1 and 2 Umar & Hamza become muslim Economic and social embargo Death of Abu Thalib Isra’ Mi’raj Stages Death of Khadija Secretive phase Declaration of Islam Dawah beyond the Meccan Prosecution Muslims of Yatsrib Pledge of Aqaba 1,2 Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 M 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622

3. Events Hijra Stages H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 M 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632

4. Reason for Hijrah Persecution Limited spread of Islam in Mecca Spread of Islam and Promised protection for Muslim in Yatsrib Establishing the first independent Muslim community إني أريت دار هجرتكم ذات نخل بين لابتين ، وهي الحرتان "Your place of emigration has been shown to me. I have seen salty land, planted with date-palms and situated between two mountains which are the two Harras (Yatsrib).“ – Al-Bukhari

5. Mount of Uhud Al-Harra Al-Harra Mount of Uhud Yatsrib Yatsrib

6. Quraysh tried to prevent Muslims from leaving : To contain Islam within Mecca . To keep control on the spread of Islam. To prevent the threat of forming a Muslim State. To preserve the tribal system, against faith-based allegiance. The potential threat to their Northern trade rout passing by Yathrib to Syria. Placing pressure on families by separating them Family of Abu Salamah Kidnapping, imprisonment and torture ‘ Ayyash bin Abi Rabi’ah Hisham bin Al-’As Confiscating wealth and property Suhaib bin Sinan Ar-Rumi

7. Plot to murder the Prophet Ali sleep at Prophet bed at night. The Prophet and Abu Bakr travel south to the cave of thaur. Quraysh post a reward to bring the Prophet death or alive with 100 camels وَإِذ يَمكُرُ بِكَ الَّذينَ كَفَروا لِيُثبِتوكَ أَو يَقتُلوكَ أَو يُخرِجوكَ ۚ وَيَمكُرونَ وَيَمكُرُ اللَّهُ ۖ وَاللَّهُ خَيرُ المٰكِرينَ And (remember) when the disbelievers plotted against you (O Muhammad) to imprison you, or to kill you, or to get you out (from your home, i.e. Makkah); they were plotting and Allah too was plotting; and Allah is the Best of those who plot. (Al-Anfal: 30)

8. Narrated Abu Bakr: I said to the Prophet while I was in the Cave. "If any of them should look under his feet, he would see us." He said, "O Abu Bakr! What do you think of two (persons) the third of whom is Allah?" [Bukhari] If you help him not (it does not matter), for Allah did indeed help him when the disbelievers drove him out, the second of the two; when they were in the cave, he said to his companion (Abu Bakr) " Be not sad (or afraid), surely Allah is with us." Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon him, and strengthened him with forces (angels) which you saw not, and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowermost, while the Word of Allah is the the uppermost; and Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise. (At-Taubah: 40)