Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was born in 570 AD in Mecca as an orphan and was raised by his grandfather and uncle after losing both his parents at a young age. He worked as a merchant and married Khadijah who was one of the first people to believe in him after he began receiving revelations from God through the Archangel Gabriel at age 40 in 610 AD. Over the next 20 years, he preached his message of monotheism in Mecca, facing opposition from the ruling Quraysh tribe. In 622 AD, he migrated from Mecca to Medina, marking the beginning of the Muslim calendar. From there, he consolidated political and religious authority over Arabia and returned to

2. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) born as Muhammad ibn
Abd’Allah ibn Abd al-Muttalib was a man from
Makkah who unified Arabs under the religion ‘Islam’.
Muhammad (S.A.W) was born as an orphan as his
father had died before his birth. Prophet Muhammad
was given birth in the year of 570 A.D also known as
‘the year of elephant’.He was then taken to the open
desert for healthy up-bringing as per the tradition of
Arabs at that time. He was taken by Halimah bint Abu
Dhuayb also regarded as prophet’s foster mother.

3. Soon after he was brought back to Makkah, his
mother, Aminah bint Wahb died due to illness. At this
stage the prophet was 6 years old and was then under
the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib. At the
age of 8 his grandfather also passed away and then
Muhammad was under the care of his uncle, Abu
Talib. After the death of his father, Abu Talib was
appointed as the chief of their clan, Bani Hashim
therefore Muhammad (S.A.W) was under the
protection of the chief of the clan. Muhammad
(S.A.W) was also know as Al-Sadiq, the truthful and
Al-Amin, the faithful. Prophet’s first wife was, Khadijah
bint Khuwaylid, when they got married the prophet was
25 years old while Khadijah (R.A) was 40 years old.

4. Several years later, Muhammad was involved with a well
known story about setting the Black Stone in place in the
wall of the Kaaba in 605 CE. The Black Stone, a sacred
object, had been removed to facilitate renovations to the
Kaaba. The leaders of Mecca could not agree on which
clan should have the honor of setting the Black Stone
back in its place. They agreed to wait for the next man to
come through the gate and ask him to choose. That man
was the 35-year-old Muhammad, five years before his
first revelation. He asked for a cloth and put the Black
Stone in its centre. The clan leaders held the corners of
the cloth and together carried the Black Stone to the right
spot, then Muhammad set the stone in place, satisfying
the honor of all.

6. “Revelation”
Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) used to go to
cave Hira quite often, a cave in the mountain
of Hira in Makkah. During one of his visit to
cave Hira, angel Gabriel appeared to him in
the year 610 and commanded Muhammad to
recite verses which would later be included
in the Quran. There is a consensus that the
first words of the Quran to be revealed were
the beginning of Surah 96:1. Upon receiving his
first revelations, he was deeply distressed. After
returning home, Muhammad was consoled and
reassured by Khadijah and her Christian cousin,
Waraqah ibn Nawfal.

7. According to Muslim tradition, Muhammad's wife
Khadijah was the first to believe he was a prophet.
She was soon followed by Muhammad's ten-year-old
cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib, close friend Abu Bakr, and
adopted son Zaid. Around 613, Muhammad
began to preach to the public(Quran 26:214). Most
Makkans ignored him and mocked him, though a
few became his followers. There were three main
groups of early converts to Islam: younger brothers
and sons of great merchants; people who had fallen
out of the first rank in their tribe or failed to attain it;
and the weak, mostly unprotected foreigners.

8. Tradition records at great length the persecution and
ill-treatment towards Muhammad and his
followers. Sumayyah bint Khabbab, a slave of a
prominent Makkan leader Abu Jahl, is famous as the
first martyr of Islam, having been killed with a spear
by her master when she refused to give up her faith.
Bilal, another Muslim slave, was tortured by Umayyah
ibn Khalaf who used to place a heavy rock on his chest
to force his conversion. Apart from insults,
Muhammad was protected from physical harm as he
belonged to the Bani Hashim clan.

9. In 617, the leaders of Makhzum and Banu Abd-Shams,
two important Quraysh clans, declared a public
boycott against Banu Hashim, their commercial rival,
to pressure it into withdrawing its protection of
Muhammad. The boycott lasted three years but
eventually collapsed as it failed in its objective.
During this, Muhammad was only able to preach
during the holy pilgrimage months in which all
hostilities between Arabs were suspended.

10. Islamic tradition states that in 620, Muhammad
experienced the Isra and Mi'raj, a miraculous journey
said to have occurred with the angel Gabriel in one night.
In the first part of the journey, the Isra, he is said to have
travelled from Makkah on a winged horse (Buraq) to "the
farthest mosque" (in Arabic: masjid al-Aqsa), which
Muslims usually identify with the Al-Aqsa Mosque in
Jerusalem. In the second part, the Mi'raj, Muhammad is
said to have toured heaven and hell, and spoke with
earlier prophets, such as Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Ibn
Ishaq, author of the first biography of Muhammad,
presents this event as a spiritual experience whereas later
historians like Al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir present it as a
physical journey.

12. The Hijra is the migration of Muhammad and his
followers from Makkah to Medina in 622 CE. In
September 622, warned of a plot to assassinate him,
Muhammad secretly slipped out of Mecca, moving
with his followers to Medina, 320 kilometers
(200 mi) north of Mecca. The Hijra is celebrated
annually on the first day of the Muslim year. After
living in Makkah for almost 52 years the prophet
migrated to Medina, at that time it was known as
Yathrib. The Muslim people in Medina also know as
Ansars welcomed the muhajireen( Makkans who
migrated to Medina).

13. In the year 624 A.D the Muhajireen along with
Ansars fought with the pagans of Makkah at the
grounds of Badr. In this battle many of the chiefs
Of Makkah were killed. A year later the Makkans got
ready in order to take their revenge for their defeat. In
625 A.D the both side faced each other once again
this time at the plains of Uhud. This battle was lost by
Muslims because of their disobedience to the
prophet but they later repented and asked Allah for
forgiveness. In 627 A.D the Makkans decided to finish
off Islam for once and for all, setting out with an army
of almost 10,000 men they marched towards Yathrib.

14. The Muslims were aware of their plan. One of the
man who was taken as a slave from Persia named ‘
Salman al-Farsi’ gave prophet the plan to dig a trench,
prophet really liked the idea and the Muslims began
to dig a trench around Yathrib. When the Makkans
arrived they were totally confused as they had never
seen anything like this. After a long siege, due to very
cold weather the Makkans were forced to finish the
siege and go back home therefore very few people
were killed in this battle. After this the treaty of
Hudaybiyyah took place.

15. In the year 628 A.D the prophet saw a dream of going
to Makkah to perform Umrah. The prophet set out
with his companions to perform Umrah but when
they reached a valley close to Makkah named
‘Hudaybiyyah’ the Makkans informed them that they
will not be allowed to perform Umrah as they had
taken a pledge and had they voided the pledge they
would have been held in disgrace by other Arabs but
as they stopped the Muslims from entering Makkah
this led anger throughout the Arabian peninsula. The
other tribes believed that they only respected
Quraysh as they were the caretakers of the Kaaba but did
not allow them to treat it as their property.

16. Due to this fact the Arabs started to support Muhammad(S.A.W) and his
companions rather than the Quraysh of Makkah. In the valley of
Hudaybiyyah there was treaty signed by the Muslims and the Kafirs of
Makkah, which stated as follows:-
“In your name, O God!
This is the treaty of peace between Muhammad Ibn Abdullah and
Suhayl Ibn Amr. They have agreed to allow their arms to rest for ten
years. During this time each party shall be secure, and neither shall
injure the other; no secret damage shall be inflicted, but honesty and
honor shall prevail between them. Whoever in Arabia wishes to
enter into a treaty or covenant with Muhammad can do so, and
whoever wishes to enter into a treaty or covenant with the Quraysh
can do so. And if a Qurayshite comes without the permission of his guardian
To Muhammad, he shall be delivered up to the Quraysh; but if, on the other
hand, one of Muhammad's people comes to the Quraysh, he shall not be
Delivered up to Muhammad. This year, Muhammad, with his companions,
Must withdraw from Mecca, but next year, he may come to Mecca and remain
For three days, yet without their weapons except those of a traveller; the swords

17. 2 years later Bani Bakr, allies of the Makkans carried
out a raid on Bani Khuzah killing some of their people
therefore voiding the treaty, as Muhammad (S.A.W)
came to know he gave Quraysh 3 offers:-
(1)Makkans would pay blood money for those slain
among the Khuza'ah tribe; (2) they should disavow
themselves from Banu Bakr; (3) they should declare
the truce of Hudaybiyyah null. The Quraysh did
not hesitate and chose the 3rd option but they soon
realized their mistake and asked Muhammad to look
in the matter again, but this time it was too late.

18. • In 630 A.D the prophet and his companions with
other Arab tribes set out to Makkah to conquest.
They numbered nearly 10,000. At arriving they first
removed all the idols from the premises of Haram.
By this time almost all of Makkah had accepted
Islam. Some of their chiefs had fled and most of
them accepted Islam. Although later these chiefs
returned to Prophet and accepted Islam. These
companions later fought very hard in the battles
with the Byzantines and Persians.
• The Prophet later returned back to Madinah.In
632A.D the prophet fall sick and in the month of

19. Rabi-Ul- Awwal the Prophet passed away. He was
buried in the room of Ayesha (R.A) which is present
day a part of the Masjid-e-Nabwi.