Lyman-alpha line.pdf
•
0 likes•20 views
Lyman-alpha is a hydrogen spectral line that generally occurs in quasar spectra. It has vast significance in astronomy as most intergalactic spaces with neutral hydrogen clouds show Lyman-alpha forest with a bunch of Lyman-alpha absorption lines. It was named after the Harvard physicist Theodore Lyman. For more information on this concept, kindly visit our blog article at; https://jayamchemistrylearners.blogspot.com/2022/05/lyman-alpha-line-chemistry-learners.html
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Lyman-alpha spectral line.pdf
It is the first spectral line of the hydrogen spectrum. The valence electron of the neutral hydrogen gas atom, while moving from the lowest stationary orbit with principal quantum number value n=1 to its immediate next energy level on absorbing energy, gives this Lyman-alpha spectral line in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
For more information on this concept, please have a look at our blog article;
https://jayamchemistrylearners.blogspot.com/2022/05/lyman-alpha-line-chemistry-learners.html
Hydrogen fine structure.pdf
The hydrogen fine structure, results from the influence of the intrinsic electromagnetic force of the atom with the photons. It involves the interaction of quantum mechanical spin with the electron's orbital motion.
For more information on this topic, kindly visit our blog at;
https://jayamchemistrylearners.blogspot.com/2022/04/fine-structure-of-hydrogen-atom.html
The Balmer series of the hydrogen spectrum
Balmer is well renowned for his research on the hydrogen spectral series. The part of the hydrogen emission spectrum that corresponds to electron transitions from higher orbicular states n>2 to the energy level with principal quantum number n=2 is a series of spectral lines known as the Balmer series. And the Balmer series consists of a sequence of spectral emissions in both ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Hydrogen spectral series.pptx
The document discusses the hydrogen spectral series, which consists of a sequence of spectral emissions arranged by wavelength. The series occur in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions. Experimentally, hydrogen gas in a discharge tube is excited by a stream of electrons from a cathode. This causes electrons in hydrogen atoms to absorb energy and jump to higher energy orbits. When the electrons fall back down, they emit photons of specific wavelengths, producing the spectral lines. There are six hydrogen spectral series named after their discoverers - Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Brackett, Pfund, and Humphreys. The Rydberg formula can be used to calculate the wavelengths of lines in the series based on the energy levels involved.
Classification of elements and periodicity in properties class 11th chapter 3...
The document discusses the classification of elements and periodic trends in properties according to the periodic table. It summarizes Mendeleev's periodic law and how he arranged elements in a table based on increasing atomic weight and similar properties in vertical columns. It discusses modern revisions to the periodic table based on atomic number. The document then explains trends in various physical and chemical properties across the periodic table, including atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and oxidation states. It discusses how properties vary periodically based on an element's position in the s, p, d, and f blocks of the periodic table.
Ln.pptx
The document discusses how lanthanide ions have photoluminescent properties useful for applications, but are difficult to directly excite with light due to their poor light absorption. Organic chromophores absorb light more efficiently and can transfer the absorbed energy to nearby lanthanide ions, allowing them to emit characteristic luminescence. Various lanthanide complexes containing organic antennae demonstrate efficient photoluminescence, with typical emission spectra shown for complexes containing terbium, dysprosium, europium, and samarium ions excited by light at 337 nm.
classification of elements ppt 11.pptx
1) The document discusses the classification of elements and periodic trends in properties according to the periodic table. It explains early classification systems like Newlands' Law of Octaves and Mendeleev's periodic table. (Sentence 1)
2) Key periodic trends discussed include how atomic radius decreases across a period but increases down a group, how ionization enthalpy generally increases across a period but decreases down a group, and how shielding effects influence these trends. (Sentence 2)
3) The document also outlines the different blocks of the periodic table (s, p, d, f blocks) and describes general electronic configurations and properties of elements in each block. (Sentence 3)
Atomic spectra,atomic excitation and de excitation
the slide contains:
1.atomic excitation& di-excitation.
2. atomic spectra
3. atomic spectral series
4. spectral series of hydrogen
Recommended
Lyman-alpha spectral line.pdf
It is the first spectral line of the hydrogen spectrum. The valence electron of the neutral hydrogen gas atom, while moving from the lowest stationary orbit with principal quantum number value n=1 to its immediate next energy level on absorbing energy, gives this Lyman-alpha spectral line in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
For more information on this concept, please have a look at our blog article;
https://jayamchemistrylearners.blogspot.com/2022/05/lyman-alpha-line-chemistry-learners.html
Hydrogen fine structure.pdf
The hydrogen fine structure, results from the influence of the intrinsic electromagnetic force of the atom with the photons. It involves the interaction of quantum mechanical spin with the electron's orbital motion.
For more information on this topic, kindly visit our blog at;
https://jayamchemistrylearners.blogspot.com/2022/04/fine-structure-of-hydrogen-atom.html
The Balmer series of the hydrogen spectrum
Balmer is well renowned for his research on the hydrogen spectral series. The part of the hydrogen emission spectrum that corresponds to electron transitions from higher orbicular states n>2 to the energy level with principal quantum number n=2 is a series of spectral lines known as the Balmer series. And the Balmer series consists of a sequence of spectral emissions in both ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Hydrogen spectral series.pptx
The document discusses the hydrogen spectral series, which consists of a sequence of spectral emissions arranged by wavelength. The series occur in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions. Experimentally, hydrogen gas in a discharge tube is excited by a stream of electrons from a cathode. This causes electrons in hydrogen atoms to absorb energy and jump to higher energy orbits. When the electrons fall back down, they emit photons of specific wavelengths, producing the spectral lines. There are six hydrogen spectral series named after their discoverers - Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Brackett, Pfund, and Humphreys. The Rydberg formula can be used to calculate the wavelengths of lines in the series based on the energy levels involved.
Classification of elements and periodicity in properties class 11th chapter 3...
The document discusses the classification of elements and periodic trends in properties according to the periodic table. It summarizes Mendeleev's periodic law and how he arranged elements in a table based on increasing atomic weight and similar properties in vertical columns. It discusses modern revisions to the periodic table based on atomic number. The document then explains trends in various physical and chemical properties across the periodic table, including atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and oxidation states. It discusses how properties vary periodically based on an element's position in the s, p, d, and f blocks of the periodic table.
Ln.pptx
The document discusses how lanthanide ions have photoluminescent properties useful for applications, but are difficult to directly excite with light due to their poor light absorption. Organic chromophores absorb light more efficiently and can transfer the absorbed energy to nearby lanthanide ions, allowing them to emit characteristic luminescence. Various lanthanide complexes containing organic antennae demonstrate efficient photoluminescence, with typical emission spectra shown for complexes containing terbium, dysprosium, europium, and samarium ions excited by light at 337 nm.
classification of elements ppt 11.pptx
1) The document discusses the classification of elements and periodic trends in properties according to the periodic table. It explains early classification systems like Newlands' Law of Octaves and Mendeleev's periodic table. (Sentence 1)
2) Key periodic trends discussed include how atomic radius decreases across a period but increases down a group, how ionization enthalpy generally increases across a period but decreases down a group, and how shielding effects influence these trends. (Sentence 2)
3) The document also outlines the different blocks of the periodic table (s, p, d, f blocks) and describes general electronic configurations and properties of elements in each block. (Sentence 3)
Atomic spectra,atomic excitation and de excitation
the slide contains:
1.atomic excitation& di-excitation.
2. atomic spectra
3. atomic spectral series
4. spectral series of hydrogen
Introduction to hydrogen fine structure.pdf
The splitting of the main spectral line into two or more components with a slight variation in wavelength in the magnetic field is called fine structure in spectroscopy. It means that, in the magnetic field, the electron energy splits to give its sub-states. The electron transitions from these substituent energy levels give additional spectral lines. These are known as fine structures of the main spectral line. The hydrogen spectrum exhibiting the fine structured lines is known as the hydrogen fine spectrum.
For more information on this topic, kindly visit our blog at;
https://jayamchemistrylearners.blogspot.com/2022/04/fine-structure-of-hydrogen-atom.html
ATOMIC STRUCTURE.docx
The document provides information about various physics concepts related to atomic structure:
1) It defines the photoelectric effect and gives the formula for maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons.
2) It discusses atomic spectra and the Rydberg formula for calculating wavelengths of emitted/absorbed photons. It also defines various atomic spectral series.
3) It summarizes Rutherford's atomic model and its limitations, as well as concepts like isotopes, isotones, isobars, radioactive decay, and the functions of moderators and coolants in nuclear reactors.
Lanthanide and actinide chemistry, inorganic chemistry. inner transistion ser...
This document discusses lanthanide and actinide chemistry. It begins by outlining the session objectives, which include an introduction to lanthanides and actinides, their oxidation states, lanthanide contraction, and a comparison of actinides and lanthanides. The document then discusses the electronic configuration, atomic and ionic sizes, ionization energies, magnetic properties, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity of lanthanides. It also covers the similar topics for actinides, and compares the similarities and differences between lanthanides and actinides.
3 energy levels and quanta
1. Atoms can exist in discrete energy levels called quantum states. Electrons in atoms can only have certain energies corresponding to these levels.
2. When an electron in an excited state drops to a lower energy state, it emits a photon. The energy of the photon equals the energy difference between the states.
3. Absorption is the reverse process, where an electron absorbs a photon and jumps to a higher energy state. Emission and absorption spectra reveal the possible energy transitions in atoms.
1.10atomic spectra
The document discusses light interaction with atoms and molecules, including:
1) Atomic spectra such as the Balmer series arise from electrons falling to lower energy levels in hydrogen atoms.
2) More complex atoms like sodium and mercury require additional quantum numbers to describe their emission spectra.
3) Simple molecules like hydrogen absorb UV light when electrons are promoted between molecular orbitals.
4) Conjugated systems and heteroatoms in molecules like butadiene and formaldehyde shift absorption to longer wavelengths.
UV spectrometery; woodward fischer rule
UV spectroscopy is an analytical method used to detct the numbers of double and triple bonds present in dienes ,trienes and polyenes compounds.The energy corresponds to EM radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) region, 100-350 nm, and visible (VIS) regions 350-700 nm of the spectrum is known as UV spectrum.
8. the d and f block elements anil-hsslive
Transition elements have partially filled d orbitals. They are divided into four series based on which atomic orbital their valence electrons fill. Transition elements have varying properties based on their position in the periodic table, including decreasing then increasing atomic radius, increasing then decreasing melting points, and variable but regularly changing ionization energies. They form colored ions and complexes due to their partially filled d orbitals, and exhibit magnetic properties based on unpaired electrons. Transition elements also act as catalysts and form interstitial compounds and alloys.
Lanthanide oxidation..
The document discusses the oxidation states of lanthanides. It states that:
1) All lanthanides most commonly exhibit a +3 oxidation state, but some can also be +2, +4, or lower states depending on electronic configuration.
2) The most stable oxidation state is generally +3 due to the strong attraction of the 4f electrons to the nucleus.
3) Elements in other oxidation states act as strong reducing or oxidizing agents as they try to attain the +3 state.
Class10 multi-electron atoms - 22nd feb 2022
The document discusses the electron shell structure of multi-electron atoms. It begins by explaining how electrons populate energy levels according to the Pauli exclusion principle and minimizing total energy. Electron shells are characterized by principal quantum numbers n, with maximum electron density occurring at certain radii dependent on n. Successive atomic shells are then filled according to Hund's rules, which state that orbitals are filled with one electron each before pairing electrons, and that electrons in singly-occupied orbitals have the same spin. Atomic properties like volume and ionization energy show periodicity as shells are filled. Anomalies in filling order are also discussed.
StarkEffect.ppt
The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of spectral lines in atoms and molecules due to an external electric field. Johannes Stark discovered the effect in 1913 when he observed the spectral lines of hydrogen split into symmetrically spaced components under an electric field. The amount of splitting or shifting is quantified as the Stark shift or splitting. The effect occurs due to the interaction of the electric field with the charged particles in the atom, causing a perturbation to the electron orbitals and thus changing the energy levels.
The 4th state of matter -Plasma
Plasma is the fourth state of matter and is defined as a hot ionized gas consisting of approximately equal numbers of positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons. Plasmas are influenced by electric and magnetic fields due to their charged particles. About 99% of the observable universe consists of plasma, including the sun, solar wind, planetary atmospheres, and stars. Space plasmas have very low densities but high temperatures ranging from thousands to millions of degrees Celsius. Examples of naturally occurring plasmas include lightning and the northern lights, as well as stars and nebulae.
f-block-element.ppt
The document discusses the session objectives of f-block elements, specifically focusing on lanthanides and actinides. It covers their electronic configuration, oxidation states, atomic and ionic sizes, and chemical and physical properties. Both lanthanides and actinides experience lanthanide/actinide contraction as the atomic number increases due to poor shielding of the nucleus by f-electrons. While they share many similarities due to their electronic structure, actinides exhibit higher oxidation states and greater radioactivity compared to lanthanides.
f-block-element-220811070618-ce14cee9.ppt
The document discusses the session objectives of f-block elements, lanthanides and actinides. It introduces lanthanides and actinides, their electronic configurations, oxidation states, atomic and ionic sizes, and the lanthanide contraction. It describes the magnetic and luminescent properties of lanthanide complexes. It compares the similarities and differences between lanthanides and actinides in terms of electronic structure, oxidation states, reactivity and other properties.
Engineering physics
This document provides lecture notes on engineering physics for an engineering course. It covers topics on atomic structure, electronic configurations, electrical conduction, and electron theories of metals. The document begins with an introduction to atomic structure, including the components of atoms and Madelung's and Hund's rules for electron configuration. It then discusses electrical conduction, defining terms like resistivity, conductivity, and classifications of materials. The remainder of the document covers electron theories of metals, including classical free electron theory, quantum free electron theory, and band theory. Key concepts from each theory are summarized.
Lanthanide and actinide chemistry
Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry by Dr. Susovan Bhowmik,
Assistant Prof. Bankura Sammilani College, West Bengal
f- block elements
f-block elements, general properties of lanthanoids and actinoids, lanthanoid contraction, uses of lanthanoids and actinoids,
Plasma
Plasma is one of the four fundamental states of matter and can be created by heating or applying electromagnetic fields to a gas. A plasma is a quasineutral gas containing balanced numbers of charged particles that interact collectively. Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe, found in stars and diffuse interstellar gas. While only about 1% of the visible universe contains plasma, 99% of all observable matter in the universe is estimated to be in plasma state. Some key applications of plasma include propulsion, astrophysics, fusion power research, and gas discharges.
Chapter 5 spectral lines of hydrogen atom
This document discusses electronic transitions in hydrogen atoms that produce spectral lines. It explains that electrons in hydrogen atoms can occupy discrete energy levels characterized by principal quantum numbers. Transitions between these levels emit or absorb photons of specific wavelengths. The Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen series describe transitions from higher levels to the n=1, 2, and 3 levels, respectively. These produce spectral lines in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions. The document provides examples of calculating wavelengths for spectral lines using the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom.
Chapter 5 spectral lines of hydrogen atom
This document discusses electronic transitions in hydrogen atoms that produce spectral lines. It explains that electrons in hydrogen atoms exist in discrete energy levels called principal quantum levels. Transitions between these levels emit or absorb photons of specific wavelengths. The Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen series are produced by transitions from higher levels to the n=1, n=2, and n=3 levels, respectively. Precise wavelengths are given for the lines in the Balmer series in the visible spectrum. Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom is able to accurately predict the wavelengths of these spectral lines.
de-Broglie equation.pdf
If everyone is thinking alike, we cannot solve the hurdles of a problem. It seems true if we observe these hypotheses' hierarchy once. Italian physicist Francesco Maria Grimaldi discovered the wave phenomenon of light in 1665. But the uncertainty about light's nature was finally solved by Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect. Similarly, Neil Bohr succeeded in describing the structure of an atom with quantized electron orbits. But his stipulation of allowed stationary orbits was only a supposition until the discovery of the de-Broglie equation.
Louis de-Broglie, a French physicist, presumed that moving microscopic and macroscopic objects are waves. He introduced a word called 'matter wave' to describe the waves of material objects in motion. As a result, matter exhibits a dual character of both particle and wave. Moreover, he derived an empirical formula to measure the wavelength of matter waves in 1923 called the de-Broglie equation.
Wien displacement law graph.pdf
It is a graphical explanation of a blackbody's emissive power and radiation wavelength at various temperatures. We know blackbody emissions are temperature specific. And a blackbody graph is an overall variation of a blackbody's emissive power as a function of wavelength measured at different temperatures. But the Wien displacement law graph focuses on spectral intensities of blackbody emissions as a function of wavelength at a peak wavelength state λmax at a specific temperature T.
More Related Content
Similar to Lyman-alpha line.pdf
Introduction to hydrogen fine structure.pdf
The splitting of the main spectral line into two or more components with a slight variation in wavelength in the magnetic field is called fine structure in spectroscopy. It means that, in the magnetic field, the electron energy splits to give its sub-states. The electron transitions from these substituent energy levels give additional spectral lines. These are known as fine structures of the main spectral line. The hydrogen spectrum exhibiting the fine structured lines is known as the hydrogen fine spectrum.
For more information on this topic, kindly visit our blog at;
https://jayamchemistrylearners.blogspot.com/2022/04/fine-structure-of-hydrogen-atom.html
ATOMIC STRUCTURE.docx
The document provides information about various physics concepts related to atomic structure:
1) It defines the photoelectric effect and gives the formula for maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons.
2) It discusses atomic spectra and the Rydberg formula for calculating wavelengths of emitted/absorbed photons. It also defines various atomic spectral series.
3) It summarizes Rutherford's atomic model and its limitations, as well as concepts like isotopes, isotones, isobars, radioactive decay, and the functions of moderators and coolants in nuclear reactors.
Lanthanide and actinide chemistry, inorganic chemistry. inner transistion ser...
This document discusses lanthanide and actinide chemistry. It begins by outlining the session objectives, which include an introduction to lanthanides and actinides, their oxidation states, lanthanide contraction, and a comparison of actinides and lanthanides. The document then discusses the electronic configuration, atomic and ionic sizes, ionization energies, magnetic properties, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity of lanthanides. It also covers the similar topics for actinides, and compares the similarities and differences between lanthanides and actinides.
3 energy levels and quanta
1. Atoms can exist in discrete energy levels called quantum states. Electrons in atoms can only have certain energies corresponding to these levels.
2. When an electron in an excited state drops to a lower energy state, it emits a photon. The energy of the photon equals the energy difference between the states.
3. Absorption is the reverse process, where an electron absorbs a photon and jumps to a higher energy state. Emission and absorption spectra reveal the possible energy transitions in atoms.
1.10atomic spectra
The document discusses light interaction with atoms and molecules, including:
1) Atomic spectra such as the Balmer series arise from electrons falling to lower energy levels in hydrogen atoms.
2) More complex atoms like sodium and mercury require additional quantum numbers to describe their emission spectra.
3) Simple molecules like hydrogen absorb UV light when electrons are promoted between molecular orbitals.
4) Conjugated systems and heteroatoms in molecules like butadiene and formaldehyde shift absorption to longer wavelengths.
UV spectrometery; woodward fischer rule
UV spectroscopy is an analytical method used to detct the numbers of double and triple bonds present in dienes ,trienes and polyenes compounds.The energy corresponds to EM radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) region, 100-350 nm, and visible (VIS) regions 350-700 nm of the spectrum is known as UV spectrum.
8. the d and f block elements anil-hsslive
Transition elements have partially filled d orbitals. They are divided into four series based on which atomic orbital their valence electrons fill. Transition elements have varying properties based on their position in the periodic table, including decreasing then increasing atomic radius, increasing then decreasing melting points, and variable but regularly changing ionization energies. They form colored ions and complexes due to their partially filled d orbitals, and exhibit magnetic properties based on unpaired electrons. Transition elements also act as catalysts and form interstitial compounds and alloys.
Lanthanide oxidation..
The document discusses the oxidation states of lanthanides. It states that:
1) All lanthanides most commonly exhibit a +3 oxidation state, but some can also be +2, +4, or lower states depending on electronic configuration.
2) The most stable oxidation state is generally +3 due to the strong attraction of the 4f electrons to the nucleus.
3) Elements in other oxidation states act as strong reducing or oxidizing agents as they try to attain the +3 state.
Class10 multi-electron atoms - 22nd feb 2022
The document discusses the electron shell structure of multi-electron atoms. It begins by explaining how electrons populate energy levels according to the Pauli exclusion principle and minimizing total energy. Electron shells are characterized by principal quantum numbers n, with maximum electron density occurring at certain radii dependent on n. Successive atomic shells are then filled according to Hund's rules, which state that orbitals are filled with one electron each before pairing electrons, and that electrons in singly-occupied orbitals have the same spin. Atomic properties like volume and ionization energy show periodicity as shells are filled. Anomalies in filling order are also discussed.
StarkEffect.ppt
The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of spectral lines in atoms and molecules due to an external electric field. Johannes Stark discovered the effect in 1913 when he observed the spectral lines of hydrogen split into symmetrically spaced components under an electric field. The amount of splitting or shifting is quantified as the Stark shift or splitting. The effect occurs due to the interaction of the electric field with the charged particles in the atom, causing a perturbation to the electron orbitals and thus changing the energy levels.
The 4th state of matter -Plasma
Plasma is the fourth state of matter and is defined as a hot ionized gas consisting of approximately equal numbers of positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons. Plasmas are influenced by electric and magnetic fields due to their charged particles. About 99% of the observable universe consists of plasma, including the sun, solar wind, planetary atmospheres, and stars. Space plasmas have very low densities but high temperatures ranging from thousands to millions of degrees Celsius. Examples of naturally occurring plasmas include lightning and the northern lights, as well as stars and nebulae.
f-block-element.ppt
The document discusses the session objectives of f-block elements, specifically focusing on lanthanides and actinides. It covers their electronic configuration, oxidation states, atomic and ionic sizes, and chemical and physical properties. Both lanthanides and actinides experience lanthanide/actinide contraction as the atomic number increases due to poor shielding of the nucleus by f-electrons. While they share many similarities due to their electronic structure, actinides exhibit higher oxidation states and greater radioactivity compared to lanthanides.
f-block-element-220811070618-ce14cee9.ppt
The document discusses the session objectives of f-block elements, lanthanides and actinides. It introduces lanthanides and actinides, their electronic configurations, oxidation states, atomic and ionic sizes, and the lanthanide contraction. It describes the magnetic and luminescent properties of lanthanide complexes. It compares the similarities and differences between lanthanides and actinides in terms of electronic structure, oxidation states, reactivity and other properties.
Engineering physics
This document provides lecture notes on engineering physics for an engineering course. It covers topics on atomic structure, electronic configurations, electrical conduction, and electron theories of metals. The document begins with an introduction to atomic structure, including the components of atoms and Madelung's and Hund's rules for electron configuration. It then discusses electrical conduction, defining terms like resistivity, conductivity, and classifications of materials. The remainder of the document covers electron theories of metals, including classical free electron theory, quantum free electron theory, and band theory. Key concepts from each theory are summarized.
Lanthanide and actinide chemistry
Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry by Dr. Susovan Bhowmik,
Assistant Prof. Bankura Sammilani College, West Bengal
f- block elements
f-block elements, general properties of lanthanoids and actinoids, lanthanoid contraction, uses of lanthanoids and actinoids,
Plasma
Plasma is one of the four fundamental states of matter and can be created by heating or applying electromagnetic fields to a gas. A plasma is a quasineutral gas containing balanced numbers of charged particles that interact collectively. Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe, found in stars and diffuse interstellar gas. While only about 1% of the visible universe contains plasma, 99% of all observable matter in the universe is estimated to be in plasma state. Some key applications of plasma include propulsion, astrophysics, fusion power research, and gas discharges.
Chapter 5 spectral lines of hydrogen atom
This document discusses electronic transitions in hydrogen atoms that produce spectral lines. It explains that electrons in hydrogen atoms can occupy discrete energy levels characterized by principal quantum numbers. Transitions between these levels emit or absorb photons of specific wavelengths. The Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen series describe transitions from higher levels to the n=1, 2, and 3 levels, respectively. These produce spectral lines in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions. The document provides examples of calculating wavelengths for spectral lines using the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom.
Chapter 5 spectral lines of hydrogen atom
This document discusses electronic transitions in hydrogen atoms that produce spectral lines. It explains that electrons in hydrogen atoms exist in discrete energy levels called principal quantum levels. Transitions between these levels emit or absorb photons of specific wavelengths. The Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen series are produced by transitions from higher levels to the n=1, n=2, and n=3 levels, respectively. Precise wavelengths are given for the lines in the Balmer series in the visible spectrum. Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom is able to accurately predict the wavelengths of these spectral lines.
Similar to Lyman-alpha line.pdf (20)
Lanthanide and actinide chemistry, inorganic chemistry. inner transistion ser...
Lanthanide and actinide chemistry, inorganic chemistry. inner transistion ser...
More from SaiKalyani11
de-Broglie equation.pdf
If everyone is thinking alike, we cannot solve the hurdles of a problem. It seems true if we observe these hypotheses' hierarchy once. Italian physicist Francesco Maria Grimaldi discovered the wave phenomenon of light in 1665. But the uncertainty about light's nature was finally solved by Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect. Similarly, Neil Bohr succeeded in describing the structure of an atom with quantized electron orbits. But his stipulation of allowed stationary orbits was only a supposition until the discovery of the de-Broglie equation.
Louis de-Broglie, a French physicist, presumed that moving microscopic and macroscopic objects are waves. He introduced a word called 'matter wave' to describe the waves of material objects in motion. As a result, matter exhibits a dual character of both particle and wave. Moreover, he derived an empirical formula to measure the wavelength of matter waves in 1923 called the de-Broglie equation.
Wien displacement law graph.pdf
It is a graphical explanation of a blackbody's emissive power and radiation wavelength at various temperatures. We know blackbody emissions are temperature specific. And a blackbody graph is an overall variation of a blackbody's emissive power as a function of wavelength measured at different temperatures. But the Wien displacement law graph focuses on spectral intensities of blackbody emissions as a function of wavelength at a peak wavelength state λmax at a specific temperature T.
MCQs of blackbody & its radiation .pdf
It is an e-book of MCQs & answers on blackbody. It is in PowerPoint format with 40 questions and detailed answer explanation that makes you clear every single point of blackbody and its radiation. The e-book has 54 beautifully designed slides. The contents of the e-book are below.
Multiple choice questions and answers - 20 no.s
True or false questions-10 no.s
Reasoning questions - 10 no.s
To disclose all the contents of the e-book, visit this link.
https://kameswariservices201831.myinstamojo.com/product/3556812/mcqs-answers-of-blackbody-and-its-radiation
Fatafat check list of blackbody.pdf
A blackbody is an imaginary object that absorbs all incident light without reflecting any, invented by German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff in 1860 to help understand thermal radiation. Examples of materials that approximate a blackbody include lamp black, graphite, and platinum black. The energy distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a blackbody, known as blackbody radiation, depends only on the body's temperature according to Planck's law.
Wien displacement law .pdf
It discusses Wien displacement law. To go through the numerical problems of the Wien displacement law topic, visit our e-book at;
https://kameswariservices201831.myinstamojo.com/product/3493453/numerical-problems-on-wien-displacement-law-
Blackbody radiations infographic.pdf
The blackbody is a hollow enclosure with a pinhole to emit its radiations. The secure covering of the blackbody prevents the absorbed light from escaping.
A blackbody is a solid closed unreal body that is inexistent. But lamp black, platinum black, and graphite-coated surfaces are non-ideal black bodies for laboratory purposes. An object with above 0.95 emissivities is an approximate blackbody. Besides, the hotter bodies emitting electromagnetic radiation under thermal equilibrium conditions are also considered partial black bodies.
Blackbody mind map.pdf
An ideal black body is an imaginary concept developed by Gustav Kirchhoff that perfectly absorbs all electromagnetic radiation that falls on it and reflects none. It plays a significant role in quantum mechanics by being a perfect emitter and absorber of thermal radiation, releasing electromagnetic radiation when heated that follows specific laws like Planck's quantum law, Wien's displacement law, and Stefan-Boltzmann law. Real blackbodies have opaque, closed surfaces that absorb radiation based on factors like temperature, emissivity, and surface area, and their radiation is used in applications like thermal imaging, optical sensors, and burglar alarms.
Blackbody Vs. graybody.pdf
It explains the difference between a blackbody and a gray body following Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation.
MCQs of blackbody & Kirchhoff's law.pdf
It is a PowerPoint presentation on multiple choice questions and answers on Blackbody & Kirchhoff's law topics. It discusses all practical examples and numerical problems of the said concepts.
Planck quantum theory.pdf
This PowerPoint presentation explains Planck's quantum theory and Planck's constant topics briefly. It is now available on Instamojo for just Rs.10/-. Save a personalized copy of this presentation by visiting Instamojo. The link is below.
https://kameswariservices201831.myinstamojo.com/product/3439450/planck-quantum-theory-postulates
Kirchhoff's law (1).pdf
It is a PowerPoint presentation of Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation. And it gives a brief idea of Kirchhoff's law, its applications, and examples. Moreover, it explains the terms absorptivity, emissive power, thermal equilibrium, and emissivity.
Kirchhoff's law.pdf
It discusses Kirchhoff's law and its examples. It explains blackbody emissions in thermal equilibrium conditions.
We are sorry to inform you about a small error in Kirchhoff's formula section of the above infographic. Kirchhoff's formula states that the absorptivity and emissivity of the body are equal in thermal equilibrium conditions. 'a' is the absorbing power of the body at a wavelength λ. And 'e' is the emissivity of the body at the same wavelength. So, we will write aλ=e but not aλ=eλ. We request you read it correctly while going through the PDF.
Kirchhoff's law formula and its derivation. Numerical problems.pdf
It discusses Kirchhoff's formula and its derivation. And it includes numerical problems of Kirchhoff's law. For a colorful e-book for only 10/- rupees on Kirchhoff's law, visit our store at;
https://kameswariservices201831.myinstamojo.com/product/3467221/kirchhoffs-law-of-thermal-radiations
Planck's constant.pdf
It describes the definition of Planck's constant. Planck constant helps compute the discrete energy changes of a body by relating to the frequency of the photon. Planck constant explains the proportionality relationship between the photon's energy and the frequency.
For more information on this topic, kindly visit our blog article at;
https://jayamchemistrylearners.blogspot.com/2022/08/plancks-constant-chemistry-learners.html
Numerical problems of Planck's quantum theory.pdf
It is a PowerPoint presentation on numerical problems of Planck quantum theory topic.
It includes 12 numerical problems with solved answers. Besides, this PowerPoint presentation has a mind map to remember all formulas of Planck quantum law.
MCQ on Planck constant.pdf
This document contains 10 multiple choice questions about Planck's constant. It provides explanations for why Planck's constant was introduced, its value in different units, and that it explains both the quantum and particle nature of light. The questions cover topics like the relationship between photon energy and frequency, experimental methods used to determine Planck's constant, and why LED lights are used in these calculations. Additional resources on Planck's constant and quantum theory are provided at the end.
Detailed light theories.pdf
It explains both wave & particle theories of light. It also includes Maxwell's mathematical equations and postulates of Planck quantum theory.
Theories of light.pdf
It explains the theories of light, including electromagnetic wave theory and Planck's quantum theory.
MCQ's on hydrogen spectrum.pdf
The document contains 10 multiple choice questions about the hydrogen spectrum. It discusses that the essential condition to observe the hydrogen spectrum is high temperature and low pressure. The hydrogen spectrum appears as distinct lines, with the prominent line being red with a wavelength of 656 nm. It is an example of a line spectrum and can be recorded using a spectroscope. Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered the hydrogen spectrum and spectroscope, while Isaac Newton first discovered the word "spectrum".
Rydberg equation.pdf
The Rydberg formula helps to determine the wavenumber or wavelengths of hydrogen spectral lines obtained in the hydrogen spectrum. Previously, Johann Jakob Balmer discovered an empirical formula to determine the wavelengths of hydrogen spectral lines obtained in the visible region of the hydrogen spectrum. As we all know, the hydrogen spectrum is not limited to the visible zone only. It occupies the ultraviolet and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum also. Hence, the scientists' quests to determine the spectral positions of various spectral lines of the hydrogen spectrum finally came to an end with the Rydberg formula.
More from SaiKalyani11 (20)
Kirchhoff's law formula and its derivation. Numerical problems.pdf
Kirchhoff's law formula and its derivation. Numerical problems.pdf
Recently uploaded
Types of Herbal Cosmetics its standardization.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Top five deadliest dog breeds in America
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaSouth African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Recently uploaded (20)
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Lyman-alpha line.pdf
- 1. Lyman-alpha line Lyman-alpha is a hydrogen spectral line that generally occurs in quasar spectra. The Lyman- alpha spectral line results due to electron transition from the first stationary ground level of the atom to its immediate next higher orbicular configuration n=2 in the hydrogen spectrum. The Lyman series of the hydrogen spectrum initiates by the Lyman-alpha line. The Greek letter α denotes it, and its symbolization is Ly-α. It was named after the Harvard physicist Theodore Lyman. It lies in the vacuum-ultraviolet region. It is characterized by a strong absorption in the air. Hence, satellite-borne instruments are used to study the Lyman-alpha astronomy. The hydrogen electron has -13.6 eV energy in the first stationary orbit. When it is in the second orbit, its energy is -3.4 eV. So, the difference in energy between the first and second static levels of the hydrogen atom is 10.2 eV. Therefore, the Lyman-alpha transition requires 10.2 eV energy to occur. 1 0 . 2 e V It is the lowest energetic transition of the Lyman series due to the small energy gap between the first and second orbicular configurations. It occurs at the lowest energy than the other electron transition of the Lyman series. It occurs at the longest wavelength of 121.5 nm than the remaining spectral lines of the Lyman series. The Lyman-alpha transition has two specificities. The hydrogen spectrum reveals that it is the most intense spectral emission line in its ultraviolet region. At suitable temperature conditions, the number of hydrogen atoms participating in the Lyman-alpha transition is more. And it enhances the photon emissions that influence the intensity of the Lyman-alpha spectral line. Hence, we observe a thick single Lyman-alpha line at the extreme right end of the hydrogen spectrum. Introduction In the upper earth's atmosphere, the oxygen molecules absorb Lyman-alpha emissions of sunrays. And it dissociates the oxygen molecules into their atoms. Later, the oxygen atoms combine with the undissociated oxygen molecules to form an Ozone. Ozone formation Blog:https://jayamchemistrylearners.blogspot.com/