The document summarizes an analysis conducted by the National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center (NISAC) on the potential impacts of a Category 3 hurricane making landfall near Brunswick, Georgia. The analysis assessed impacts to critical infrastructure sectors including electric power, transportation, food and agriculture, financial services, chemicals, emergency services, healthcare, communications, water, and government facilities. Key findings included widespread power outages affecting over 2 million people, major storm surge flooding in coastal areas, and economic losses estimated between $9-13.7 billion. The analysis supported emergency planning and informed risk mitigation strategies.
This document discusses actions taken by public health officials in response to a waterborne emergency involving multiple water systems after wildfires damaged infrastructure. Key actions included:
1) Contacting 16 water systems to assess damage and needs, delivering sampling supplies and boil water advisories.
2) Issuing boil water advisories for 590 connections across 10 residential and 6 non-residential systems serving 982 people.
3) Providing on-site assistance to systems with substantial infrastructure damage.
4) Coordinating the response between local, state and federal agencies.
Briefing to the U.S. House Committee on Homeland SecurityMark Ehlen
NISAC provides economic analysis and modeling capabilities to assess the potential impacts of disruptions to critical infrastructure and the economy. It uses a variety of microeconomic, mesoeconomic, and macroeconomic tools to study issues like natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and other events. NISAC works to enhance understanding of infrastructure interdependencies and inform policymaking regarding economic resiliency and mitigating threats. Its analyses aim to quantify national infrastructure dependencies and help measure and design homeland security policies.
Homeland security analysis focuses on modeling the functional characteristics of critical infrastructure value chains, especially during extreme events. Value chain modeling captures industry behaviors at the systems level between individual firms and national sectors. This approach allows analysis of resilience, consequences, and policy impacts, requiring collaboration with private industry to validate models and develop mutually beneficial policies.
O documento apresenta instruções para a realização de uma prova de concurso público para o cargo de Analista de Sistema de Saneamento da Companhia de Águas e Esgotos de Rondônia. São fornecidos detalhes sobre o conteúdo e duração da prova, disciplinas avaliadas, número de questões por disciplina e valor de cada questão. Além disso, há orientações sobre o preenchimento do cartão de respostas e sobre a conduta dos candidatos durante a aplicação do exame.
Gave a talk at StartCon about the future of Growth. I touch on viral marketing / referral marketing, fake news and social media, and marketplaces. Finally, the slides go through future technology platforms and how things might evolve there.
1) The document discusses the opportunity for technology to improve organizational efficiency and transition economies into a "smart and clean world."
2) It argues that aggregate efficiency has stalled at around 22% for 30 years due to limitations of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that digitizing transport, energy, and communication through technologies like blockchain can help manage resources and increase efficiency.
3) Technologies like precision agriculture, cloud computing, robotics, and autonomous vehicles may allow for "dematerialization" and do more with fewer physical resources through effects like reduced waste and need for transportation/logistics infrastructure.
32 Ways a Digital Marketing Consultant Can Help Grow Your BusinessBarry Feldman
How can a digital marketing consultant help your business? In this resource we'll count the ways. 24 additional marketing resources are bundled for free.
This document discusses actions taken by public health officials in response to a waterborne emergency involving multiple water systems after wildfires damaged infrastructure. Key actions included:
1) Contacting 16 water systems to assess damage and needs, delivering sampling supplies and boil water advisories.
2) Issuing boil water advisories for 590 connections across 10 residential and 6 non-residential systems serving 982 people.
3) Providing on-site assistance to systems with substantial infrastructure damage.
4) Coordinating the response between local, state and federal agencies.
Briefing to the U.S. House Committee on Homeland SecurityMark Ehlen
NISAC provides economic analysis and modeling capabilities to assess the potential impacts of disruptions to critical infrastructure and the economy. It uses a variety of microeconomic, mesoeconomic, and macroeconomic tools to study issues like natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and other events. NISAC works to enhance understanding of infrastructure interdependencies and inform policymaking regarding economic resiliency and mitigating threats. Its analyses aim to quantify national infrastructure dependencies and help measure and design homeland security policies.
Homeland security analysis focuses on modeling the functional characteristics of critical infrastructure value chains, especially during extreme events. Value chain modeling captures industry behaviors at the systems level between individual firms and national sectors. This approach allows analysis of resilience, consequences, and policy impacts, requiring collaboration with private industry to validate models and develop mutually beneficial policies.
O documento apresenta instruções para a realização de uma prova de concurso público para o cargo de Analista de Sistema de Saneamento da Companhia de Águas e Esgotos de Rondônia. São fornecidos detalhes sobre o conteúdo e duração da prova, disciplinas avaliadas, número de questões por disciplina e valor de cada questão. Além disso, há orientações sobre o preenchimento do cartão de respostas e sobre a conduta dos candidatos durante a aplicação do exame.
Gave a talk at StartCon about the future of Growth. I touch on viral marketing / referral marketing, fake news and social media, and marketplaces. Finally, the slides go through future technology platforms and how things might evolve there.
1) The document discusses the opportunity for technology to improve organizational efficiency and transition economies into a "smart and clean world."
2) It argues that aggregate efficiency has stalled at around 22% for 30 years due to limitations of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that digitizing transport, energy, and communication through technologies like blockchain can help manage resources and increase efficiency.
3) Technologies like precision agriculture, cloud computing, robotics, and autonomous vehicles may allow for "dematerialization" and do more with fewer physical resources through effects like reduced waste and need for transportation/logistics infrastructure.
32 Ways a Digital Marketing Consultant Can Help Grow Your BusinessBarry Feldman
How can a digital marketing consultant help your business? In this resource we'll count the ways. 24 additional marketing resources are bundled for free.
This document discusses concerns about a proposed wind farm project in Auglaize County, Ohio called the Mainstream project. It outlines concerns about the impact on the local landscape including farmland and the "Land of the Cross Tipped Churches". It also discusses potential negative impacts of wind turbines on nearby property values, health concerns from noise and shadows, and a lack of local control in the approval process. The document advocates for larger setbacks from residences, property value guarantees, and more local zoning authority to address these issues.
- Natural disasters in the US have become more frequent and severe economically, with Hurricane Katrina in 2005 being the costliest storm at $146.89 billion.
- The elderly and young are the most unprepared for disasters, with many parents concerned but lacking emergency plans, while some states do not require school emergency plans.
- A major regional power outage could severely impact those without access to communication technologies like cell phones.
Dr. Ben Luce's NH Wind Watch Presentation- January 18, 2013Kate Blair
Dr. Ben Luce presented to the NH Lakes Region community about the detrimental impacts of several wind power projects that are proposed for the region. He details the facts behind wind power, where it's most effective, and alternatives to wind power for optimal green energy production in the NH region.
Pilgrim Pipelines: What Ulster County Residents Need to KnowJeremy Cherson
The document summarizes information about proposed Pilgrim Pipelines projects in New York that would transport crude oil from North Dakota through New York to New Jersey. It notes that the pipelines could have significant environmental and community impacts, as the proposed routes would cross over 200 water bodies, 99 access roads would be built in Ulster County, and pipeline leaks could release over 350,000 gallons of crude oil per hour. Local governments and environmental groups oppose the projects due to these risks. The document outlines next steps in the environmental review process and argues that investments in clean energy would better serve the region than the proposed pipelines.
Keynote Speaker – "Infrastructure Interdependencies: Connections that Alter Consequences" - Michael J. Collins III, Infrastructure Analyst, Infrastructure Assurance Center, Argonne National Laboratories
This document discusses paralleling existing linear infrastructure like transmission lines, roads, railroads, and pipelines when siting new transmission projects in congested areas. It outlines both the positives and negatives of paralleling each type of existing infrastructure. The positives include reduced costs and environmental impacts while the negatives include issues like increased reliability risks, construction challenges, and interference effects. The document concludes that there is no standard approach and each potential paralleling scenario must be evaluated separately based on its overall impacts on the human and natural environment, grid reliability, engineering factors, and project costs.
This webinar discussed fuel cell backup power solutions that were successfully used during Hurricane Sandy. It began with an overview of the importance of backup power for network resilience from Kyla Reid of the GSMA. The webinar then featured a case study from Lennox McCartney of Precision Power and Air Bahamas on their experience deploying Ballard fuel cell generators for Bahamas Telecommunications Company during Hurricane Sandy. The fuel cells provided over 700 hours of backup power across 17 sites and prevented a potential 50% loss of cell service. Based on this successful experience, BTC is now installing an additional 16 fuel cell backup systems.
Planning for the Future: The Changing World of the Electric Transmission SystemSociety of Women Engineers
Becky Webb, a senior engineer at ComEd, presented on the changing landscape of electric transmission planning. She discussed ComEd's service territory and investments in reliability. Transmission planners must consider various contingencies and identify reinforcement projects. Key challenges include uncertainty over future generation, renewable energy standards, and FERC Order 1000 which promotes regional planning and competition. Overall, transmission planners face increased complexity but also opportunities to ensure grid reliability amid new policies.
Unti-Claims Handling Following Catastrophes 2013-10Don Grauel
J. Wylie Donald, Esq. of McCarter & English LLP presented “Climate Change- Uncovering Risk in a Warming World” at the October 2013 67th Annual F. Addison Fowler Seminar held by The Insurance Roundtable of Baltimore in Hunt Valley, MD
Featuring PSEG’s Heidi Swanson, Director of Field and Metering Operations,
and Tracy Kirk, Manager of Customer Technology.
Facilitated by DNV KEMA's Don Denton, Vice President of Grid Modernization
(Formerly with Duke Energy)
AECT Lunch-and-Learn: Update on the Electric Marketaectnet
This document provides an overview and update on issues related to the electric market in Texas, including recovery efforts after Hurricane Harvey and implementation of recent electricity legislation. It summarizes how various electric utilities were impacted by Harvey and the steps taken for recovery, including mutual assistance from other states. It also outlines regulatory timelines and proceedings around low-income programs, ratemaking, advanced metering, and the transition of Sharyland customers to Oncor infrastructure. Finally, it discusses Sempra Energy's recent outbid of Berkshire Hathaway Energy to purchase Oncor.
Con Edison implemented storm hardening initiatives following Superstorm Sandy to increase the resiliency of its electric system. Immediate hardening was completed by June 2013 and included flood barriers, pumps, and sealing equipment at 9 substations and 3 generating stations. A $1 billion, multi-year storm hardening program was proposed to continue hardening efforts through 2017. This includes raising critical equipment, backup generators, robust walls and doors, and new control systems to protect against flooding up to FEMA's 100-year flood level plus 3 feet. Con Edison collaborated with regulators and stakeholders to review risks and justify storm hardening projects.
Flood plains to floor drains design standard adaptation for urban flood risk ...Robert Muir
Presented to Flood Master Class by Insurance Business Magazine this presentation examines quantitative risk assessment of riparian, overland and wastewater (sanitary) sewer system flooding. Analysis of City of Toronto and City of Markham historical flooding is shown to be highly correlated to design standard limitations related to the era of construction. Risks are shown to extend over a range of scales from floodplain (river) to flood drain (homes) based on detailed GIS spatial analysis. Flood risk mitigation measures are presented to achieve design standard adaptation in local areas with specific limitations.
This document discusses how utilities are adapting to climate change impacts and increasing infrastructure resiliency. It provides background on the two utilities, outlines the policy framework around climate adaptation, and defines resiliency. Examples are given of past climate impacts like droughts and wildfires that affected infrastructure. The utilities are taking steps to increase resiliency through diversifying energy sources, using natural gas which is underground and resilient, developing renewable natural gas and power-to-gas technologies, and distributing generation. Local governments can help by including utilities in vulnerability assessments and plans, supporting a variety of energy technologies, and expediting permits for infrastructure hardening.
Wide area blackouts can occur due to natural causes, technical failures, human error, or terrorism. Major blackouts in recent history have affected millions of people across multiple countries. Key factors that increase blackout risk include the liberalization of electricity markets and increased use of renewable energy sources. An optimization model is presented that can divide a power network into sections to isolate potential faults and maximize power delivered during a blackout situation. The model has been tested on power grid test cases of varying sizes.
This document discusses concerns about a proposed wind farm project in Auglaize County, Ohio called the Mainstream project. It outlines concerns about the impact on the local landscape including farmland and the "Land of the Cross Tipped Churches". It also discusses potential negative impacts of wind turbines on nearby property values, health concerns from noise and shadows, and a lack of local control in the approval process. The document advocates for larger setbacks from residences, property value guarantees, and more local zoning authority to address these issues.
- Natural disasters in the US have become more frequent and severe economically, with Hurricane Katrina in 2005 being the costliest storm at $146.89 billion.
- The elderly and young are the most unprepared for disasters, with many parents concerned but lacking emergency plans, while some states do not require school emergency plans.
- A major regional power outage could severely impact those without access to communication technologies like cell phones.
Dr. Ben Luce's NH Wind Watch Presentation- January 18, 2013Kate Blair
Dr. Ben Luce presented to the NH Lakes Region community about the detrimental impacts of several wind power projects that are proposed for the region. He details the facts behind wind power, where it's most effective, and alternatives to wind power for optimal green energy production in the NH region.
Pilgrim Pipelines: What Ulster County Residents Need to KnowJeremy Cherson
The document summarizes information about proposed Pilgrim Pipelines projects in New York that would transport crude oil from North Dakota through New York to New Jersey. It notes that the pipelines could have significant environmental and community impacts, as the proposed routes would cross over 200 water bodies, 99 access roads would be built in Ulster County, and pipeline leaks could release over 350,000 gallons of crude oil per hour. Local governments and environmental groups oppose the projects due to these risks. The document outlines next steps in the environmental review process and argues that investments in clean energy would better serve the region than the proposed pipelines.
Keynote Speaker – "Infrastructure Interdependencies: Connections that Alter Consequences" - Michael J. Collins III, Infrastructure Analyst, Infrastructure Assurance Center, Argonne National Laboratories
This document discusses paralleling existing linear infrastructure like transmission lines, roads, railroads, and pipelines when siting new transmission projects in congested areas. It outlines both the positives and negatives of paralleling each type of existing infrastructure. The positives include reduced costs and environmental impacts while the negatives include issues like increased reliability risks, construction challenges, and interference effects. The document concludes that there is no standard approach and each potential paralleling scenario must be evaluated separately based on its overall impacts on the human and natural environment, grid reliability, engineering factors, and project costs.
This webinar discussed fuel cell backup power solutions that were successfully used during Hurricane Sandy. It began with an overview of the importance of backup power for network resilience from Kyla Reid of the GSMA. The webinar then featured a case study from Lennox McCartney of Precision Power and Air Bahamas on their experience deploying Ballard fuel cell generators for Bahamas Telecommunications Company during Hurricane Sandy. The fuel cells provided over 700 hours of backup power across 17 sites and prevented a potential 50% loss of cell service. Based on this successful experience, BTC is now installing an additional 16 fuel cell backup systems.
Planning for the Future: The Changing World of the Electric Transmission SystemSociety of Women Engineers
Becky Webb, a senior engineer at ComEd, presented on the changing landscape of electric transmission planning. She discussed ComEd's service territory and investments in reliability. Transmission planners must consider various contingencies and identify reinforcement projects. Key challenges include uncertainty over future generation, renewable energy standards, and FERC Order 1000 which promotes regional planning and competition. Overall, transmission planners face increased complexity but also opportunities to ensure grid reliability amid new policies.
Unti-Claims Handling Following Catastrophes 2013-10Don Grauel
J. Wylie Donald, Esq. of McCarter & English LLP presented “Climate Change- Uncovering Risk in a Warming World” at the October 2013 67th Annual F. Addison Fowler Seminar held by The Insurance Roundtable of Baltimore in Hunt Valley, MD
Featuring PSEG’s Heidi Swanson, Director of Field and Metering Operations,
and Tracy Kirk, Manager of Customer Technology.
Facilitated by DNV KEMA's Don Denton, Vice President of Grid Modernization
(Formerly with Duke Energy)
AECT Lunch-and-Learn: Update on the Electric Marketaectnet
This document provides an overview and update on issues related to the electric market in Texas, including recovery efforts after Hurricane Harvey and implementation of recent electricity legislation. It summarizes how various electric utilities were impacted by Harvey and the steps taken for recovery, including mutual assistance from other states. It also outlines regulatory timelines and proceedings around low-income programs, ratemaking, advanced metering, and the transition of Sharyland customers to Oncor infrastructure. Finally, it discusses Sempra Energy's recent outbid of Berkshire Hathaway Energy to purchase Oncor.
Con Edison implemented storm hardening initiatives following Superstorm Sandy to increase the resiliency of its electric system. Immediate hardening was completed by June 2013 and included flood barriers, pumps, and sealing equipment at 9 substations and 3 generating stations. A $1 billion, multi-year storm hardening program was proposed to continue hardening efforts through 2017. This includes raising critical equipment, backup generators, robust walls and doors, and new control systems to protect against flooding up to FEMA's 100-year flood level plus 3 feet. Con Edison collaborated with regulators and stakeholders to review risks and justify storm hardening projects.
Flood plains to floor drains design standard adaptation for urban flood risk ...Robert Muir
Presented to Flood Master Class by Insurance Business Magazine this presentation examines quantitative risk assessment of riparian, overland and wastewater (sanitary) sewer system flooding. Analysis of City of Toronto and City of Markham historical flooding is shown to be highly correlated to design standard limitations related to the era of construction. Risks are shown to extend over a range of scales from floodplain (river) to flood drain (homes) based on detailed GIS spatial analysis. Flood risk mitigation measures are presented to achieve design standard adaptation in local areas with specific limitations.
This document discusses how utilities are adapting to climate change impacts and increasing infrastructure resiliency. It provides background on the two utilities, outlines the policy framework around climate adaptation, and defines resiliency. Examples are given of past climate impacts like droughts and wildfires that affected infrastructure. The utilities are taking steps to increase resiliency through diversifying energy sources, using natural gas which is underground and resilient, developing renewable natural gas and power-to-gas technologies, and distributing generation. Local governments can help by including utilities in vulnerability assessments and plans, supporting a variety of energy technologies, and expediting permits for infrastructure hardening.
Wide area blackouts can occur due to natural causes, technical failures, human error, or terrorism. Major blackouts in recent history have affected millions of people across multiple countries. Key factors that increase blackout risk include the liberalization of electricity markets and increased use of renewable energy sources. An optimization model is presented that can divide a power network into sections to isolate potential faults and maximize power delivered during a blackout situation. The model has been tested on power grid test cases of varying sizes.
1. 2015 Chatham County Hurricane Conference
Lori R. Dauelsberg, Mark A. Ehlen
National Infrastructure Simulation & Analysis
Center
April 7, 2015
NATIONAL PROTECTION AND PROGRAMS DIRECTORATE
OFFICE OF CYBER AND INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS
2. OCIA Overview
• OCIA assesses strategic risks to
the Nation’s critical infrastructure to
inform risk management decisions
by Federal, State, and local
partners.
• Critical infrastructure consequence
analysis and prioritization
• Includes operational and strategic
analysis of incidents and emerging
risks
• Supports interagency,
intergovernmental, international,
and private sector partners with risk
and consequence analysis
Infrastructure
Prioritization
Operational
Analysis
Strategic
Analysis
Capability
and Capacity
Development
3. • OCIA oversees the National Infrastructure
Simulation and Analysis Center (NISAC)
program, which is comprised of analysts
from OCIA, Los Alamos National
Laboratory and Sandia National
Laboratory. NISAC conducts modeling,
simulation, and analysis of the Nation's
critical infrastructure.
• The purpose of the analysis is to assess
potential critical infrastructure risk,
vulnerabilities, dependencies,
interdependencies, and potential
consequences resulting from manmade—
deliberate or accidental—or natural
events.
• NISAC analysis supports Federal, State,
and local stakeholders in developing or
improving risk mitigation strategies and
policy planning.
OCIA-NISAC Enterprise
4. All Hazards
Natural Disasters
– Hurricane
– Drought
– Earthquake
– Flood
– Storm surge
– Ice storm
– Pandemic
– Wildfire
Terrorism Events
– Biological
– Chemical
– Explosive
– Radiological
– Nuclear
– Physical assault
– Insider
– Cyber
• NISAC provides crisis action analysis support for hurricanes, floods,
ice storms, wildfires, and other natural disasters.
• NISAC Analysis Team uses the full range of capabilities to provide
actionable information about population, economic, and
infrastructure impacts, and resilience and recovery strategies.
6. Planning for Natural Disasters
• Short-term
• Informing first responders and
leadership decision making
• Pre-positioning supplies and
resources
• Understanding potential impacts to
critical infrastructures
• Describing criticality of an event
• Long-term
• Exercises, including modeling
hypothetical events
• Increasing maintenance programs
• Improving systems based upon
risks
• Incorporating new technologies
8. Savannah Hurricane Scenario
• Category 3 hurricane diminishing to a Category 1
• Loses strength as it passes through South Carolina and into North Carolina
• Modeling and simulation parameters:
– Maximum wind intensity: 120 miles per hour (mph)
– Forward speed: 11.5 mph
– Landfall: 31.2 ºN, 81.3 ºW (near Brunswick, GA)
– Radius of 50-knot winds: 144 statute miles
– Radius of 34-knot winds: 201 statute miles
• Hypothetical track and strength similar to Hurricane David in 1979 and
similar in width to Hurricane Ivan in 2004
9. Savannah Projected Electric Power Outage Areas
Projected outage areas are
based on wind speed, wind
direction, and orientation of
transmission grid:
–Red area: 76 to 100%
outage
–Orange area: 51 to 75%
outage
–Yellow area: 26 to 50%
outage
–Light green area: 11 to 25%
outage
–Dark green area: <10%
10. Electric Power Restoration
An estimated 1.7 million
people live in areas where
projected damage to the
electric power system
exceeds 75 percent
Approximately 2.95 million
people (about 1.34 million
utility customers) will
experience some level of
electric power outage due to
the scenario hurricane
Approximately 95 percent of
customers should have
power restored in just over
16 days, with complete
power restoration requiring
up to 24 days
12. Storm Surge Projection
Analysts use projected inundation areas as
a basis for further sector and population
analysis, as well as for restoration time
estimates Storm Surge Marker, Tybee Island, GA, 2014
Source: L. Inkret
13. Storm Surge Impacts
• About 42,300 people live in areas projected to experience at least 2 feet of storm surge
Surge
(feet)
Population
ages 0–16
Population
ages 17–64
Population ages
65+
> 8 2,900 9,700 2,200
6–8 1,200 3,800 900
4–6 1,900 5,700 1,400
3–4 1,600 5,200 1,900
2–3 800 2,600 500
14. Electric Power: Kraft Power Plant
• The Kraft Power Plant, located on the west bank of the
Savannah River just north of Savannah in Port Wentworth is
the only asset within the storm-surge inundation area
• The power plant contains three coal-fired steam-turbine
generating units with a combined capacity of 200 MW, one
natural gas-fired steam-turbine generating unit with a 115-MW
capacity, and one natural gas-fired gas-turbine generating unit
with a 17-MW capacity
• The loss of these units is unlikely to have a significant effect
on the power grid because there is less demand in the
aftermath of a storm. The substation just west of the power
plant is not affected
15. Nuclear Power Plants
• 4 nuclear power plants located in the 26- to 75-percent electric
power outage areas
– Edwin I Hatch, Johnson Corner, GA
– Vogtle in Girard, GA
– C. Summer in Monticello, SC
– H.B. Robinson in North Hartsville, SC
• Even though the plants would remain online, because nuclear power
plants rely on offsite power provided by neighboring substations, an
outage of the local substation that provides power for safety systems
will impede operations
• If a utility takes a nuclear facility offline for this reason, it would likely
keep it on hot standby, forestalling the need to complete the entire
start-up process, which takes several days
16. Natural Gas
• There are no gas-processing plants in the projected electric
power outage or storm-surge inundation areas
• According to available data, there are no compressor stations
within the storm-surge inundation zones. Loss of compression
would not stop the flow of pipeline gas, but it would likely
reduce pipeline delivery capacity to downstream customers
• Natural gas deliveries would likely continue to electric power
outage areas, including Savannah and Brunswick
• Due to interconnections in the subsector’s infrastructure, the
ability to deliver gas to customers outside the storm area
would be impacted only minimally
17. Transportation Fuels
• Widespread regional disruptions are
not expected, but shortages of
transportation fuels are likely to
occur locally along the coast,
especially around Savannah and
Brunswick, GA
• Drawing down inventory and
transporting fuel from operating
facilities in the region would enable
partial mitigation of the local impacts
18. Food and Agriculture
• National-level impacts from this
hurricane scenario are limited
• More than 12 million acres of crop
and other vegetation production is at
risk from storm-surge inundation
and/or damaging winds in excess of
50 mph
• Significant local and regional impacts
are possible to agricultural products
(i. e., hay, grasses, and hog and
poultry production) especially in
Georgia and South Carolina
• Poultry production in GA and the
Carolinas is at risk.
• Hog production in South Carolina will
also be impacted
Forsyth Farmer’s Market, Savannah
Source: Forsyth Farmer’s Market
19. Financial Services
• Impacts to the Financial
Services sector are unlikely
• 20 bank branches are located
in areas projected to receive
surge inundation of 2 feet or
more. Many of these
branches are part of large
national banks
• The population in the directly
affected areas will likely
experience ATMs and an
inability to process credit and
debit card transactions
Wells Fargo Branch, Savannah
Credit: FlickrRiver
20. Chemical Sector
• No national-level impacts to
commodity chemical supply chains
are expected, but regional and
specialty-chemical shortages are
possible
• Most-severe disruptions to
Chemical Sector activity are
expected in Georgia and South
Carolina, but Chemical Sector
activity in the Southeast is
relatively diffuse
21. Emergency Services
Facility Type
Facilities in
76-100%
Electric
Power
Outage Area
Facilities in
More Than 4
Feet of Surge
Emergency Medical
Responder Station
77 4
Fire Station 226 0
Fire Station and
Emergency Medical
Response Station
196 4
Law Enforcement Office 152 1
Total Emergency Services
Facilities
651 9
• Chatham County has the most
• 651 facilities within the 76- to 100-
percent likelihood of electric power
outage area
• Storm-surge inundation and the 76-
to 100-percent electric power
outage will likely result in increased
requests for emergency responders
• Limited access to roads will cause
logistical difficulties and increased
response times for law
enforcement, fire, and medical
services responding to
emergencies, possibly
necessitating the use of aerial
operations
22. Healthcare
• 4 hospitals are within ½ mile of or
within areas with 5 feet
• These hospitals have about 400
patients who will likely require
evacuation
• Relocating these patients is likely to
affect up to 24 hospitals in the
surrounding area
• 2 nursing homes in 3 feet of storm
surge
Evacuated Hospitals
23. Communications Services
No national impacts are
expected
Local access and transport
areas that cover southeastern
South Carolina and eastern
Georgia are most at risk
This impact represents a
potential service area of over
680,000 households.
Over 90 percent of the wire
centers that provide cellular
service are also at risk
24. Transportation
• Storm surge and debris are likely to
have significant local and regional
impacts on the roads in and around
Savannah, GA
• The Ports of Savannah and
Brunswick will suffer some damage
from storm surge and high winds
• All airports in the region will suffer
electric power outages
• Light-to-moderate rail disruption is
expected at a regional level, with
nearly complete recovery within 1 to
2 days of storm passage
• Transportation impacts from storm-
surge inundation will be confined to
the counties along the Atlantic Coast
of Georgia and the southern portion
of South Carolina
Flooded Road, Tybee Island, GA
Credit: J. Evans, Georgia Sea Grant
25. Water and Wastewater
• There are 12 water
treatment plants located
within the 76- to 100-
percent electric power
damage contour
• These facilities serve
more than 376,000 people
in Georgia and South
Carolina
State
Water Treatment Plant
Electric Power Percent Damage
(%)
76–100 51–75 26–50 11–25 0 – 10
Georgia 6 1 1 4 1
North
Carolina
0 0 14 13
14
South
Carolina
6 4 21 5
5
Virginia 0 0 0 0 1
Total 12 5 36 22 21
State
Number of Wastewater Treatment Facilities
Electric Power Percent Damage
(%)
76–100 51–75 26–50 11–25 0–10
Georgia 32 10 20 9 8
North
Carolina
0 0 109 55
92
South
Carolina
31 30 26 16
13
Virginia 0 0 0 0 1
Total 63 40 155 80 114
• 2 wastewater treatment
facilities in Georgia and 1 in
South Carolina located within
the 76- to 100-percent electric
power damage contour
• These facilities serve
approximately 91,500 people
26. Government Facilities
• National-level impacts to
Department of Defense (DOD)
sites are not expected
• Storm surge is expected to
significantly impact Marine Corps
Recruit Depot at Parris Island in
South Carolina
• Likely significant impacts to Kings
Bay Naval Submarine Base and
Fort Stewart’s Hunter Army
Airfield in Georgia
27. Business Interruptions
• The estimated range of the direct
gross domestic product (GDP)
reduction resulting from this
hurricane scenario is $3.5 to $5.3
billion
• Estimated total national reduction
to the GDP is between $9.0 and
$13.7 billion, which includes lost
regional economic output and its
indirect effect on total output
28. For more information contact:
National Protection and Programs Directorate
Office of Cyber and Infrastructure Analysis
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
OCIA@hq.dhs.gov