The document discusses key concepts in object-oriented programming including software complexity, attacking complexity through decomposition, and object-oriented decomposition. It describes the characteristics of the object model including abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. It then defines objects in terms of state, behavior, and identity and describes relationships between objects through using and containing relationships.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Object Oriented Programming using C++ Part IIAjit Nayak
Object Oriented Concepts
Class & Objects in C++
Constructor & Destructors in C++
Operator Overloading in C++
Friend function in C++
Data Conversion in C++
This pointer in C++
Friend class in C++
Nested Class in C++
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Object Oriented Programming using C++ Part IIAjit Nayak
Object Oriented Concepts
Class & Objects in C++
Constructor & Destructors in C++
Operator Overloading in C++
Friend function in C++
Data Conversion in C++
This pointer in C++
Friend class in C++
Nested Class in C++
Object Modeling Technique (OMT) is real world based modeling approach for software modeling and designing. It was developed basically as a method to develop object-oriented systems and to support object-oriented programming. It describes the static structure of the system.
Object Modeling Technique is easy to draw and use. It is used in many applications like telecommunication, transportation, compilers etc. It is also used in many real world problems. OMT is one of the most popular object oriented development techniques used now-a-days. OMT was developed by James Rambaugh.
Purpose of Object Modeling Technique:
To test physical entity before construction of them.
To make communication easier with the customers.
To present information in an alternative way i.e. visualization.
To reduce the complexity of software.
To solve the real world problems.
Object Modeling Technique’s Models:
There are three main types of models that has been proposed by OMT.
Object Model:
Object Model encompasses the principles of abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, hierarchy, typing, concurrency and persistence. Object Model basically emphasizes on the object and class. Main concepts related with Object Model are classes and their association with attributes. Predefined relationships in object model are aggregation and generalization (multiple inheritance).
Dynamic Model:
Dynamic Model involves states, events and state diagram (transition diagram) on the model. Main concepts related with Dynamic Model are states, transition between states and events to trigger the transitions. Predefined relationships in object model are aggregation (concurrency) and generalization.
Functional Model:
Functional Model focuses on the how data is flowing, where data is stored and different processes. Main concepts involved in Functional Model are data, data flow, data store, process and actors. Functional Model in OMT describes the whole processes and actions with the help of data flow diagram (DFD).
Phases of Object Modeling Technique:
OMT has the following phases:
Analysis:
This the first phase of the object modeling technique. This phase involves the preparation of precise and correct modelling of the real world problems. Analysis phase starts with setting a goal i.e. finding the problem statement. Problem statement is further divided into above discussed three models i.e. object, dynamic and functional model.
System Design:
This is the second phase of the object modeling technique and it comes after the analysis phase. It determines all system architecture, concurrent tasks and data storage. High level architecture of the system is designed during this phase.
FOR MORE INFORMATION CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW :
https://uii.io/programming
Object oriented analysis_and_design_v2.0Ganapathi M
This is the presentation I have been using to discuss OOAD concepts with the new joiners of the my company. Quick refresher, but will give the paradigm shift for the participants on how OOAD is different in theory & practice.
Object Modeling Technique (OMT) is real world based modeling approach for software modeling and designing. It was developed basically as a method to develop object-oriented systems and to support object-oriented programming. It describes the static structure of the system.
Object Modeling Technique is easy to draw and use. It is used in many applications like telecommunication, transportation, compilers etc. It is also used in many real world problems. OMT is one of the most popular object oriented development techniques used now-a-days. OMT was developed by James Rambaugh.
Purpose of Object Modeling Technique:
To test physical entity before construction of them.
To make communication easier with the customers.
To present information in an alternative way i.e. visualization.
To reduce the complexity of software.
To solve the real world problems.
Object Modeling Technique’s Models:
There are three main types of models that has been proposed by OMT.
Object Model:
Object Model encompasses the principles of abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, hierarchy, typing, concurrency and persistence. Object Model basically emphasizes on the object and class. Main concepts related with Object Model are classes and their association with attributes. Predefined relationships in object model are aggregation and generalization (multiple inheritance).
Dynamic Model:
Dynamic Model involves states, events and state diagram (transition diagram) on the model. Main concepts related with Dynamic Model are states, transition between states and events to trigger the transitions. Predefined relationships in object model are aggregation (concurrency) and generalization.
Functional Model:
Functional Model focuses on the how data is flowing, where data is stored and different processes. Main concepts involved in Functional Model are data, data flow, data store, process and actors. Functional Model in OMT describes the whole processes and actions with the help of data flow diagram (DFD).
Phases of Object Modeling Technique:
OMT has the following phases:
Analysis:
This the first phase of the object modeling technique. This phase involves the preparation of precise and correct modelling of the real world problems. Analysis phase starts with setting a goal i.e. finding the problem statement. Problem statement is further divided into above discussed three models i.e. object, dynamic and functional model.
System Design:
This is the second phase of the object modeling technique and it comes after the analysis phase. It determines all system architecture, concurrent tasks and data storage. High level architecture of the system is designed during this phase.
FOR MORE INFORMATION CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW :
https://uii.io/programming
Object oriented analysis_and_design_v2.0Ganapathi M
This is the presentation I have been using to discuss OOAD concepts with the new joiners of the my company. Quick refresher, but will give the paradigm shift for the participants on how OOAD is different in theory & practice.
Enterprise Resource Planning System includes various modules that reduce any business's workload. Additionally, it organizes the workflows, which drives towards enhancing productivity. Here are a detailed explanation of the ERP modules. Going through the points will help you understand how the software is changing the work dynamics.
To know more details here: https://blogs.nyggs.com/nyggs/enterprise-resource-planning-erp-system-modules/
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In the ever-evolving landscape of technology, enterprise software development is undergoing a significant transformation. Traditional coding methods are being challenged by innovative no-code solutions, which promise to streamline and democratize the software development process.
This shift is particularly impactful for enterprises, which require robust, scalable, and efficient software to manage their operations. In this article, we will explore the various facets of enterprise software development with no-code solutions, examining their benefits, challenges, and the future potential they hold.
Software Engineering, Software Consulting, Tech Lead, Spring Boot, Spring Cloud, Spring Core, Spring JDBC, Spring Transaction, Spring MVC, OpenShift Cloud Platform, Kafka, REST, SOAP, LLD & HLD.
Utilocate offers a comprehensive solution for locate ticket management by automating and streamlining the entire process. By integrating with Geospatial Information Systems (GIS), it provides accurate mapping and visualization of utility locations, enhancing decision-making and reducing the risk of errors. The system's advanced data analytics tools help identify trends, predict potential issues, and optimize resource allocation, making the locate ticket management process smarter and more efficient. Additionally, automated ticket management ensures consistency and reduces human error, while real-time notifications keep all relevant personnel informed and ready to respond promptly.
The system's ability to streamline workflows and automate ticket routing significantly reduces the time taken to process each ticket, making the process faster and more efficient. Mobile access allows field technicians to update ticket information on the go, ensuring that the latest information is always available and accelerating the locate process. Overall, Utilocate not only enhances the efficiency and accuracy of locate ticket management but also improves safety by minimizing the risk of utility damage through precise and timely locates.
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Come join this talk to see some tips and tricks for using Quarkus and some of the lesser known features, extensions and development techniques.
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(4) AI Ebook Suite Review: https://sumonreview.com/ai-ebook-suite-review
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2. Software Complexity
• Why software is inherently complex ?
– The complexity of problem domain
• “Impedance mismatch” between users and developers: each
group lacks of expertise in the domain of the other
• Software requirements often change during development
– The difficulty of managing the development process
• Software engineers have to “engineer the illusion of
simplicity”
– Flexibility through software
• Software is a reflection of a mental product, it allows any kind
of abstraction imaginable by its creator
4. Attacking Complexity
• “Divide et impera” principle → decomposition
– Breaking a complex problem into smaller and manageable parts
– The size of a subpart must not exceed the capacity of human
cognition
• Algorithmic decomposition
– Decomposition is based on process
• A module denotes an activity
• Smaller parts compose a larger process
• Object-oriented decomposition
– Decomposition is based on key abstractions in the problem
domain
– The world is viewed as a set of autonomous agents that
collaborate to perform some higher level behaviour
7. The Object Model
• Characteristics of object-orientation
– Abstraction
– Encapsulation
– Modularity
– Hierarchy
8. The Object Model
• Abstraction
– Denotes the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish
it from all other kinds of objects
– Provides crisp definition of conceptual boundaries, relative to the
perspective of the viewer
– Focuses on the outside view of an object, separating its
essential behaviour from its implementation
– The most important issue in design is to decide upon the right
set of abstractions for a given problem domain
10. The Object Model
• Encapsulation
– The process of hiding all details of an object that do not
contribute to its essential characteristics
– Abstraction and encapsulation are complementary
• Abstraction focuses on the outside view
• Encapsulation prevents clients from seeing its inside view
where the behaviour of the abstraction is implemented
– Encapsulation provides explicit barriers among different
abstractions → limiting the size of cognitive entities
12. The Object Model
• Modularity
– Modularity packages abstractions into discrete units
– Modularity is the property of a system that has been
decomposed into a set of cohesive and loosely coupled modules
• How modules are defined, i.e., how a system is partitioned
• How a module sees another module
– In design, we strive for high cohesive modules and low coupling
between modules
14. The Object Model
• Hierarchy
– Hierarchy is a ranking or ordering of abstractions
– Two important hierarchies: the “kind-of” (class hierarchy) and
“part-of” (object hierarchy) relationships
16. Objects
• The nature of an object
– A tangible and/or visible thing, or may be
perceived intellectually
– Has three essential properties
• State
• Behaviour
• Identity
18. Object State
• The state of an object encompasses:
– The (static) properties of the object
– Current (dynamic) values of each of these properties
• A property is an inherent or distinctive characteristics or feature that
contributes to making an object unique
• A value could be simple or denote another object
– Simple values are non-temporal, unchangeable, and non-
instantiated
– Object values exist in time, are changeable, instantiated, and
can be created, destroyed, and shared
19. Object State
• Example of object stateclass Circle {
int radius;
Color color;
Circle(int r, Color c) {
radius = r; color = c;
}
public setRadius(int r) {
radius = r;
}
public setColor(Color c) {
color = c;
}
}
Circle circle = new(10,blue);
circle.setColor(red);
20. Object Behaviour
• No objects live in isolation
– Objects are acted upon, and they act upon other objects
• Behaviour is how an object acts and reacts, in terms of state
changes and message passing
– Behaviour of an object is completely defined by its actions
– At the programming level, behaviour is implemen-ted by
methods or member functions
21. Object Behaviour
• Different kinds of operations
– Modifier: alters the state of an object
– Selector: accesses, but does not alter, the state of an
object
– Iterator: permits all parts of an object to be accessed
in a well-defined order
– Constructor: creates an object and initializes its state
– Destructor: frees the state of an object and destroys
the object
23. Object Identity
• Identity is a property of an object which distinguishes it from all other
objects
• It denotes a reference associated with the object it identifies
– Identity is a property that shows that an object “exists”
• in real world (as an abstraction)
• in memory (computer representation)
– An identity exists as long as the object it represents exists
• Object creation always creates an identity
• Object deletion destroys its identity
24. Object Identity
class Circle {
int radius;
Color color;
Circle(int r, Color c) {
radius = r; color = c;
}
public setRadius(int r) {
radius = r;
}
public setColor(Color c) {
color = c;
}
}
Circle circle1 = new(15,green);
Circle circle2 = new(10,red);
Circle circle3 = new(5,blue);
circle3
circle2
circle1
25. Relationships Among Objects
• Types of relationships
– “Using” relationship
– “Containing” relationship
• “Using” relationship
– Two objects have equal position in a hierarchy
– Unidirectional message passing
– Each object may play one of the following roles
• Actor: an object that can access other objects, but cannot be
accessed by other objects
• Server: an object that can only be accessed by other objects
• Agent: an object that can both access or be accessed by
other objects
– Example: see the Sensor and Tank object