Dreams are successions of images, ideas, and sensations that occur involuntarily during sleep. Lucid dreaming involves becoming consciously aware that one is dreaming and taking control of the dream. Some techniques to induce lucid dreaming include dream recall, reality testing, and mnemonic induction of lucid dreaming. Benefits include overcoming nightmares, while risks include sleep problems and derealization. Lucid dreaming has been studied scientifically and has historical and cultural significance in many societies.
This document contains terms and conditions and chapters from a book about lucid dreaming. It discusses how lucid dreaming has been practiced for centuries as a tool for exploration of consciousness. The summary explains that achieving lucid dreams requires first improving dream recall skills through keeping a dream journal. Several techniques are then presented for inducing lucid dreams, such as performing reality checks during the day by asking oneself if one is dreaming, and using meditation or herbs to facilitate the lucid dream state. The document provides introductory information about lucid dreaming and methods for readers to start experimenting with the practice.
Dreams are stories and images the mind creates during sleep that can be vivid and meaningful. The content and purpose of dreams are not fully understood, though theories suggest dreams reflect thoughts and experiences from when awake. Different stages of sleep impact dream vividness and memory. While some view dreams as meaningless, others see them as a window into the subconscious mind and psyche. The scientific study of dreams explores what parts of the brain are active during dreaming and different dream types and meanings.
This document summarizes the key points from a research paper on dreams. It discusses various topics related to dreams including lucid dreaming, premonition dreams, sleep paralysis, REM sleep disorder, creativity and dreams, animals dreaming, differences in dreaming between genders, and medical perspectives on dream interpretation. The conclusion emphasizes that dreams have long been a subject of curiosity and research, with modern psychologists like Freud studying their relationship to suppressed emotions and desires.
Imagination is the ability to form new images and sensations in the mind that are not based on sensory perceptions. It helps solve problems by allowing knowledge to be applied in new ways, and is fundamental to learning. Imagination involves inventing scenarios within the mind by combining elements from sensory experiences. Memory and imagination are linked, as remembering and imagining activate the same brain regions. Imagination differs from belief in that imagined scenarios are understood to not affect real actions, while beliefs shape how one understands and acts in reality. The brain regions involved in imagination include visual processing areas as well as areas involved in complex thinking and problem solving.
We dream every night as a way for our subconscious mind to communicate with our conscious mind. Dreams come in 90-minute cycles during deep sleep and represent aspects of our self that we may not be aware of. Learning to interpret our dreams can help us expand our self-awareness and gain wisdom from our subconscious. Practicing relaxation techniques before bed can help us remember our dreams by allowing us to achieve deeper stages of sleep.
Dreams can represent unconscious thoughts or concerns from waking life. The document discusses several theories about the meaning and purpose of dreams:
- Freud believed dreams reveal unconscious desires through dream symbols and that dreams are the "road to the unconscious mind." He described dream processes like condensation and displacement.
- Jung thought dreams reveal the personal and collective unconscious and serve to compensate for underdeveloped parts of one's psyche.
- Hall viewed dreams as reflecting cognitive processes and proposed interpreting dreams based on actions, objects, interactions and settings in the dream.
- Domhoff found dream content reflects thoughts and concerns from waking life through neurological processes and schemas.
The document also provides facts about dreams and different dream types like
This document provides an overview of perception and different types of perception. It discusses the nature of perception as the interpretation of sensory information and how perception is influenced by both physiological and psychological factors. It defines three main factors that influence perception: subjective perception, which can vary between individuals; objective perception, which relates to formal structures; and social perception, which involves comprehending social cues. The document also examines three main types of perception in more depth: depth perception, distance perception, and temporal perception. It includes pictures to illustrate concepts of depth, distance, and temporal perception. Auditory perception is also briefly discussed.
Dreams are successions of images, ideas, and sensations that occur involuntarily during sleep. Lucid dreaming involves becoming consciously aware that one is dreaming and taking control of the dream. Some techniques to induce lucid dreaming include dream recall, reality testing, and mnemonic induction of lucid dreaming. Benefits include overcoming nightmares, while risks include sleep problems and derealization. Lucid dreaming has been studied scientifically and has historical and cultural significance in many societies.
This document contains terms and conditions and chapters from a book about lucid dreaming. It discusses how lucid dreaming has been practiced for centuries as a tool for exploration of consciousness. The summary explains that achieving lucid dreams requires first improving dream recall skills through keeping a dream journal. Several techniques are then presented for inducing lucid dreams, such as performing reality checks during the day by asking oneself if one is dreaming, and using meditation or herbs to facilitate the lucid dream state. The document provides introductory information about lucid dreaming and methods for readers to start experimenting with the practice.
Dreams are stories and images the mind creates during sleep that can be vivid and meaningful. The content and purpose of dreams are not fully understood, though theories suggest dreams reflect thoughts and experiences from when awake. Different stages of sleep impact dream vividness and memory. While some view dreams as meaningless, others see them as a window into the subconscious mind and psyche. The scientific study of dreams explores what parts of the brain are active during dreaming and different dream types and meanings.
This document summarizes the key points from a research paper on dreams. It discusses various topics related to dreams including lucid dreaming, premonition dreams, sleep paralysis, REM sleep disorder, creativity and dreams, animals dreaming, differences in dreaming between genders, and medical perspectives on dream interpretation. The conclusion emphasizes that dreams have long been a subject of curiosity and research, with modern psychologists like Freud studying their relationship to suppressed emotions and desires.
Imagination is the ability to form new images and sensations in the mind that are not based on sensory perceptions. It helps solve problems by allowing knowledge to be applied in new ways, and is fundamental to learning. Imagination involves inventing scenarios within the mind by combining elements from sensory experiences. Memory and imagination are linked, as remembering and imagining activate the same brain regions. Imagination differs from belief in that imagined scenarios are understood to not affect real actions, while beliefs shape how one understands and acts in reality. The brain regions involved in imagination include visual processing areas as well as areas involved in complex thinking and problem solving.
We dream every night as a way for our subconscious mind to communicate with our conscious mind. Dreams come in 90-minute cycles during deep sleep and represent aspects of our self that we may not be aware of. Learning to interpret our dreams can help us expand our self-awareness and gain wisdom from our subconscious. Practicing relaxation techniques before bed can help us remember our dreams by allowing us to achieve deeper stages of sleep.
Dreams can represent unconscious thoughts or concerns from waking life. The document discusses several theories about the meaning and purpose of dreams:
- Freud believed dreams reveal unconscious desires through dream symbols and that dreams are the "road to the unconscious mind." He described dream processes like condensation and displacement.
- Jung thought dreams reveal the personal and collective unconscious and serve to compensate for underdeveloped parts of one's psyche.
- Hall viewed dreams as reflecting cognitive processes and proposed interpreting dreams based on actions, objects, interactions and settings in the dream.
- Domhoff found dream content reflects thoughts and concerns from waking life through neurological processes and schemas.
The document also provides facts about dreams and different dream types like
This document provides an overview of perception and different types of perception. It discusses the nature of perception as the interpretation of sensory information and how perception is influenced by both physiological and psychological factors. It defines three main factors that influence perception: subjective perception, which can vary between individuals; objective perception, which relates to formal structures; and social perception, which involves comprehending social cues. The document also examines three main types of perception in more depth: depth perception, distance perception, and temporal perception. It includes pictures to illustrate concepts of depth, distance, and temporal perception. Auditory perception is also briefly discussed.
A Step-by-Step Guide To Lucid Dreaming Using Self-HypnosisIgor Ledochowski
Lucid dreaming is another fun and relaxing way to connect with your unconscious mind, especially when coupled with self-hypnosis. So why not play around with these steps, and learn how to become the director of your dreams!
1. The document discusses disorders of consciousness and self, with a focus on defining consciousness from different perspectives like philosophy, psychology, religion, and quantum physics.
2. It provides an overview of consciousness in light of these disciplines and describes different dimensions and levels of consciousness from vigilance to drowsiness to clouding of consciousness.
3. Key disorders of self are discussed, including disorders of being, activity, singleness or ego consistency, identity, and boundaries of self.
This document provides instructions for developing the ability of lucid dreaming. It begins with introductions and definitions of key concepts like lucid dreaming. It then outlines a 9 step process for attaining lucid dreaming abilities, starting with improving dream recall through keeping a dream diary. Further steps include techniques for directed dreaming, achieving and maintaining lucidity, and using lucid dreams for purposes like magic or personal growth. The document presents lucid dreaming as a skill that can be developed through consistent practice over time.
This document summarizes Sigmund Freud's analysis of one of his own dreams in his book Dream Psychology: Psychoanalysis for Beginners. The summary is:
Freud analyzes one of his own brief and seemingly meaningless dreams about having dinner with a woman named Mrs. E.L. Using his psychoanalytic method of analyzing dream elements and the ideas associated with them, he is able to uncover numerous meaningful connections between elements of the dream and thoughts, emotions and memories from his daily life. This leads Freud to conclude that dreams act as a substitution for emotional and intellectual thoughts, and should not be seen as merely physical processes, as was the prevailing scientific view. The dream has a latent meaningful content that can be uncovered through
25 strange facts about dreams! Everyone dreams. And dreams are usually vague and confusing, and sometimes they are unbearable hell and maybe beautiful that you do not want to wake up from. What is the nature of the dream, it is a mysterious and strange phenomenon that occurs to us during sleep and makes us ask many confusing questions such as. What is the dream? What is the purpose of the dream? How did dreams happen? And other questions
This document discusses key concepts related to perception, including:
- Selective attention, where individuals notice stimuli based on their needs, expectations, and what stands out relative to other stimuli.
- Selective distortion, where people interpret information in a way that confirms their existing beliefs, making it difficult for marketers to convey new messages.
- Selective retention, where memorable information that supports one's beliefs is more likely to be remembered.
Together, these perceptual processes influence how consumers view products and shape their brand perceptions, which are often more important than objective reality in influencing consumer behavior. Accurately understanding these perceptual factors is important for effective marketing.
1) Dreamwork is a structured process where a dream is shared and its meaning is gradually uncovered by asking questions about the images, emotions, and details in the dream.
2) Each person's dreams have unique and personal meanings that depend on their ongoing life situation, so any symbol can have different interpretations depending on the individual dreamer.
3) Experts disagree on whether dreams are random or if our brains are working through unconscious issues while we sleep, but many believe that problem-solving and insight can occur through dreams.
The document discusses various aspects of consciousness, sleep, and dreams. It begins by defining consciousness and describing different levels of consciousness such as waking, subconscious, and unconscious states. It then discusses sleep stages and brain wave patterns associated with each stage. REM sleep is specifically called out as the stage where most vivid dreams occur. The document also covers sleep disorders, the effects of sleep deprivation, and theories about the purpose and meaning of dreams.
Derek Bellamy's undergraduate thesis examines dreams and their connection to the subconscious mind. The thesis discusses the history of dream analysis, including the work of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. It also details the REM sleep cycle and how dreams are a form of communication from the subconscious. Bellamy conducted interviews and surveys to study how people interpret their dreams and whether they view dreams as meaningful. He ultimately argues that dreams provide insight into one's unconscious thoughts and can be used for personal growth if properly analyzed and understood.
The document discusses states of consciousness and various topics related to consciousness, including daydreaming, sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and near death experiences. It provides definitions and explanations of concepts like consciousness, circadian rhythms, sleep stages, dream theories, hypnosis, dissociation, and near death experiences. The document also discusses research findings on topics like sleep needs, dream content, hypnotic suggestibility, and perspectives on dualism vs. monism in explaining near death experiences.
The document summarizes a longitudinal case study report for a PhD thesis on dream formation, function, and interpretation in workplace conflict situations from 2004-2011. It includes chapters on introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, summary, and conclusion. The introduction defines dreams and discusses dream theory and interpretation approaches. It notes dreams are personal and reflect one's concerns. The case study investigated how dreams related to psychological well-being and differences in dream content between normal and clinical groups.
Bradford 213 short lecture 4 social cognitionJohn Bradford
This document discusses types of thinking and models of consciousness. It describes controlled vs automatic thinking and defines schemas and priming. It contrasts the Freudian view of the unconscious, which involves repressed memories, with the cognitive view of the unconscious involving mental processes that influence behavior outside of awareness. Evidence from studies on readiness potentials and subjective relocation in time suggest that consciousness does not initiate actions but rather rationalizes decisions after the fact and projects awareness backward in time.
Consciousness refers to our awareness of ourselves and our environment, which varies depending on our attention. It describes what we are aware of, but many things are processed outside of our consciousness. Daydreaming and fantasizing are almost universal, and tend to serve adaptive functions like escaping reality, preparing for the future, and increasing creativity. Biological rhythms like circadian rhythms regulate our daily alertness cycles. Higher consciousness can be achieved through meditation and allows one to transcend normal thought patterns.
This document summarizes two lectures about consciousness and neuroscience:
1) It discusses theories of consciousness such as qualia and awareness, and the distinction between the dorsal and ventral visual pathways and their roles in vision for action vs perception. It also covers blindsight and the idea that a "feeling of something" without qualia may arise from saliency computation.
2) It discusses using bistable percepts like binocular rivalry to study neural correlates of awareness. It introduces the ideas of neurophenomenology and heterophenomenology to study first-person experience through intersubjective methods. It provides an example of neurophenomenology applied to the aura experience before epileptic seizures.
The document discusses the relationship between vibration, consciousness, and the brain/memory. It states that vibration and consciousness are intimately connected on all levels of manifestation, from the highest to the physical. Particular vibrations produce corresponding perceptions or states of consciousness. Consciousness can also influence matter by initiating particular vibrations. The human brain has six hierarchical levels that have emerged, and the brain and universe are inseparable. Memory formation depends on changes in synaptic functioning and connectivity at different levels.
Lucid Dreaming and Conscious Dreaming are one in the same. It is the awareness that you are in fact dreaming. In other words you are aware that what you are experiencing is occurring in a dream, while you are having the dream. Lucid dreaming allows you a particular amount of control that you do not have while dreaming normally.
This is a true metaphysical power, this power over your own dreams' actions and events. Instead of things being done to you, you are the star, and the writer, of the story, and you can use this power to help bring about great changes in your own waking life.
Various techniques to be a gifted psychicJojie Cenon
Most in today’s world are doubtful and fear the possibilities of psychic powers. They consider the people who show such powers as magicians or mystics who can only cause harm to the others. But there are people who are captivated by the deeds of the psychic and even are curious to understand if they too can show psychic abilities.
One the greatest psychic on this planet was Nostradamus who had the psychic power of precognition. Thus, he could see into the future and accurately predict what is to come later on.
This document defines consciousness and describes its various types and levels. It discusses consciousness as sensory awareness, inner awareness, and sense of self. It also outlines Sigmund Freud's three levels of consciousness - the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. Additionally, it examines how stages of consciousness are impacted by circadian rhythms and explores the relationships between consciousness, sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
A Step-by-Step Guide To Lucid Dreaming Using Self-HypnosisIgor Ledochowski
Lucid dreaming is another fun and relaxing way to connect with your unconscious mind, especially when coupled with self-hypnosis. So why not play around with these steps, and learn how to become the director of your dreams!
1. The document discusses disorders of consciousness and self, with a focus on defining consciousness from different perspectives like philosophy, psychology, religion, and quantum physics.
2. It provides an overview of consciousness in light of these disciplines and describes different dimensions and levels of consciousness from vigilance to drowsiness to clouding of consciousness.
3. Key disorders of self are discussed, including disorders of being, activity, singleness or ego consistency, identity, and boundaries of self.
This document provides instructions for developing the ability of lucid dreaming. It begins with introductions and definitions of key concepts like lucid dreaming. It then outlines a 9 step process for attaining lucid dreaming abilities, starting with improving dream recall through keeping a dream diary. Further steps include techniques for directed dreaming, achieving and maintaining lucidity, and using lucid dreams for purposes like magic or personal growth. The document presents lucid dreaming as a skill that can be developed through consistent practice over time.
This document summarizes Sigmund Freud's analysis of one of his own dreams in his book Dream Psychology: Psychoanalysis for Beginners. The summary is:
Freud analyzes one of his own brief and seemingly meaningless dreams about having dinner with a woman named Mrs. E.L. Using his psychoanalytic method of analyzing dream elements and the ideas associated with them, he is able to uncover numerous meaningful connections between elements of the dream and thoughts, emotions and memories from his daily life. This leads Freud to conclude that dreams act as a substitution for emotional and intellectual thoughts, and should not be seen as merely physical processes, as was the prevailing scientific view. The dream has a latent meaningful content that can be uncovered through
25 strange facts about dreams! Everyone dreams. And dreams are usually vague and confusing, and sometimes they are unbearable hell and maybe beautiful that you do not want to wake up from. What is the nature of the dream, it is a mysterious and strange phenomenon that occurs to us during sleep and makes us ask many confusing questions such as. What is the dream? What is the purpose of the dream? How did dreams happen? And other questions
This document discusses key concepts related to perception, including:
- Selective attention, where individuals notice stimuli based on their needs, expectations, and what stands out relative to other stimuli.
- Selective distortion, where people interpret information in a way that confirms their existing beliefs, making it difficult for marketers to convey new messages.
- Selective retention, where memorable information that supports one's beliefs is more likely to be remembered.
Together, these perceptual processes influence how consumers view products and shape their brand perceptions, which are often more important than objective reality in influencing consumer behavior. Accurately understanding these perceptual factors is important for effective marketing.
1) Dreamwork is a structured process where a dream is shared and its meaning is gradually uncovered by asking questions about the images, emotions, and details in the dream.
2) Each person's dreams have unique and personal meanings that depend on their ongoing life situation, so any symbol can have different interpretations depending on the individual dreamer.
3) Experts disagree on whether dreams are random or if our brains are working through unconscious issues while we sleep, but many believe that problem-solving and insight can occur through dreams.
The document discusses various aspects of consciousness, sleep, and dreams. It begins by defining consciousness and describing different levels of consciousness such as waking, subconscious, and unconscious states. It then discusses sleep stages and brain wave patterns associated with each stage. REM sleep is specifically called out as the stage where most vivid dreams occur. The document also covers sleep disorders, the effects of sleep deprivation, and theories about the purpose and meaning of dreams.
Derek Bellamy's undergraduate thesis examines dreams and their connection to the subconscious mind. The thesis discusses the history of dream analysis, including the work of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. It also details the REM sleep cycle and how dreams are a form of communication from the subconscious. Bellamy conducted interviews and surveys to study how people interpret their dreams and whether they view dreams as meaningful. He ultimately argues that dreams provide insight into one's unconscious thoughts and can be used for personal growth if properly analyzed and understood.
The document discusses states of consciousness and various topics related to consciousness, including daydreaming, sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and near death experiences. It provides definitions and explanations of concepts like consciousness, circadian rhythms, sleep stages, dream theories, hypnosis, dissociation, and near death experiences. The document also discusses research findings on topics like sleep needs, dream content, hypnotic suggestibility, and perspectives on dualism vs. monism in explaining near death experiences.
The document summarizes a longitudinal case study report for a PhD thesis on dream formation, function, and interpretation in workplace conflict situations from 2004-2011. It includes chapters on introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, summary, and conclusion. The introduction defines dreams and discusses dream theory and interpretation approaches. It notes dreams are personal and reflect one's concerns. The case study investigated how dreams related to psychological well-being and differences in dream content between normal and clinical groups.
Bradford 213 short lecture 4 social cognitionJohn Bradford
This document discusses types of thinking and models of consciousness. It describes controlled vs automatic thinking and defines schemas and priming. It contrasts the Freudian view of the unconscious, which involves repressed memories, with the cognitive view of the unconscious involving mental processes that influence behavior outside of awareness. Evidence from studies on readiness potentials and subjective relocation in time suggest that consciousness does not initiate actions but rather rationalizes decisions after the fact and projects awareness backward in time.
Consciousness refers to our awareness of ourselves and our environment, which varies depending on our attention. It describes what we are aware of, but many things are processed outside of our consciousness. Daydreaming and fantasizing are almost universal, and tend to serve adaptive functions like escaping reality, preparing for the future, and increasing creativity. Biological rhythms like circadian rhythms regulate our daily alertness cycles. Higher consciousness can be achieved through meditation and allows one to transcend normal thought patterns.
This document summarizes two lectures about consciousness and neuroscience:
1) It discusses theories of consciousness such as qualia and awareness, and the distinction between the dorsal and ventral visual pathways and their roles in vision for action vs perception. It also covers blindsight and the idea that a "feeling of something" without qualia may arise from saliency computation.
2) It discusses using bistable percepts like binocular rivalry to study neural correlates of awareness. It introduces the ideas of neurophenomenology and heterophenomenology to study first-person experience through intersubjective methods. It provides an example of neurophenomenology applied to the aura experience before epileptic seizures.
The document discusses the relationship between vibration, consciousness, and the brain/memory. It states that vibration and consciousness are intimately connected on all levels of manifestation, from the highest to the physical. Particular vibrations produce corresponding perceptions or states of consciousness. Consciousness can also influence matter by initiating particular vibrations. The human brain has six hierarchical levels that have emerged, and the brain and universe are inseparable. Memory formation depends on changes in synaptic functioning and connectivity at different levels.
Lucid Dreaming and Conscious Dreaming are one in the same. It is the awareness that you are in fact dreaming. In other words you are aware that what you are experiencing is occurring in a dream, while you are having the dream. Lucid dreaming allows you a particular amount of control that you do not have while dreaming normally.
This is a true metaphysical power, this power over your own dreams' actions and events. Instead of things being done to you, you are the star, and the writer, of the story, and you can use this power to help bring about great changes in your own waking life.
Various techniques to be a gifted psychicJojie Cenon
Most in today’s world are doubtful and fear the possibilities of psychic powers. They consider the people who show such powers as magicians or mystics who can only cause harm to the others. But there are people who are captivated by the deeds of the psychic and even are curious to understand if they too can show psychic abilities.
One the greatest psychic on this planet was Nostradamus who had the psychic power of precognition. Thus, he could see into the future and accurately predict what is to come later on.
This document defines consciousness and describes its various types and levels. It discusses consciousness as sensory awareness, inner awareness, and sense of self. It also outlines Sigmund Freud's three levels of consciousness - the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. Additionally, it examines how stages of consciousness are impacted by circadian rhythms and explores the relationships between consciousness, sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
1. “The Fascinating World of Lucid Dreams: Exploring the Boundaries of Consciousness”
I. Introduction
• Definition of lucid dreaming
• Overview of the history and analysis of lucid dreaming
II. what’s a clear dream?
• Characteristics of a clear dream
• How to acknowledge once you square measure in an exceedingly lucid dream
III. the advantages of lucid dreaming
• Improved sleep and mental state
• Enhanced creative thinking and problem-solving skills
• Personal development and find
IV. Techniques for causing lucid dreams
• Reality checks
• Setting the intention to dream pellucidly
• Using external cues
V. Exploring the boundaries of consciousness through lucid dreaming
• The potential of lucid dreaming for exploring consciousness and reality
• Examples of fascinating experiences and phenomena in lucid dreams
VI. The potential of lucid dreaming for science and analysis
• The use of lucid dreaming in scientific discipline and neurobiology analysis
• The potential of lucid dreaming for understanding consciousness and therefore the brain
VII. Conclusion
• The fascinating and expansive world of lucid dreaming
2. • The potential of lucid dreaming for private growth and scientific exploration
Introduction:
Lucid dreaming could be a state of consciousness during which the individual is aware that
they’re dreaming while they’re still asleep. it’s a novel and engaging expertise that enables
people to explore the boundaries of consciousness and reality in an exceedingly whole new
approach.
Definition of lucid dreaming:
Lucid dreaming is outlined as a state of consciousness during which the individual is aware that
they’re dreaming while they’re still asleep. throughout a clear dream, the individual contains a
sense of management over their dreams and may usually build acutely aware choices and take
actions inside the dream.
Overview of the history and analysis of lucid dreaming:
The thought of lucid dreaming has been around for hundreds of years and has been documented
in varied cultures and traditions around the world. However, it had been not till the first twentieth
century that research on lucid dreaming began to emerge. Since then, there are varied studies on
the characteristics and effects of lucid dreaming, and it’s become a district of active analysis
within the fields of scientific discipline and neurobiology. Overall, the study of lucid dreaming
has provided insights into the character of consciousness and therefore the potential of the human
mind.
What is a lucid dream?
A lucid dream could be a kind of dream during which the individual is aware that they’re
dreaming while they’re still asleep. throughout a clear dream, the individual contains a sense of
management over the dream and may usually build acutely aware choices and take actions inside
the dream.
Characteristics of a clear dream:
There square measure many characteristics of a clear dream that distinguish it from an everyday
dream. These include:
• Awareness of the dream state: The individual is aware that they’re dreaming and contains a
sense of awareness inside the dream.
• Control over the dream: The individual contains a sense of management over the dream and
may usually build acutely aware choices and take actions inside the dream.
3. • Enhanced sensory experiences: Lucid dreams square measure usually a lot of vivid and realistic
than regular dreams, and therefore the individual could have increased sensory experiences, like
sight, sound, touch, and even style and smell.
• Increased memory: The individual could have a stronger memory of the dream once rousing,
and will be ready to recall a lot of details and events from the dream.
How to acknowledge once you square measure in an exceedingly lucid dream:
There square measure many techniques that people will use to acknowledge after they square
measure in an exceedingly lucid dream. These include:
• Reality checks: Reality checks involve playing specific actions or tests so as to work out
whether or not you’re in an exceeding dream or in point of fact. as an example, you’ll be able to
attempt gazing at a clock or your hands and seeing if the time or look changes.
• Setting the intention to dream lucidly: Before falling asleep, you’ll be able to set the intention
to dream pellucidly and inform yourself to acknowledge once you square measure dreaming.
• Using external cues: Some people could notice it useful to use external cues, like putting a
sticky note on their chamber door with the message “Is this a dream?” or sporting a special
bracelet that is a reminder to examine for lucidity.
By victimization these techniques, you’ll be able to increase your possibilities of recognizing
once you square measure in an exceedingly lucid dream and taking advantage of the distinctive
and engaging experiences that lucid dreaming offers.
The benefits of lucid dreaming:
Lucid dreaming offers varied advantages for sleep, mental state, creativity, and private
development. a number of the key advantages of lucid dreaming include:
Improved sleep and mental state:
Lucid dreaming has been shown to enhance sleep quality and length, additionally as scale back
the frequency of nightmares. it’s going to even have advantages for a mental state, like reducing
stress and anxiety, up mood, and increasing awareness.
Enhanced creative thinking and problem-solving skills:
Lucid dreaming may also enhance creative thinking and problem-solving skills. in an
exceedingly lucid dream, the individual contains a sense of management and may explore and
experiment with completely different concepts and solutions. this could cause exaggerated
creative thinking and therefore the ability to come back up with novel and innovative solutions to
issues.
4. Personal development and self-discovery:
Lucid dreaming may also be a strong tool for private development and finding. By exploring the
inner world of dreams, people will gain insights into their own thoughts, emotions, and
behaviors, and use this information to create positive changes in their lives. Lucid dreaming may
also be a strong tool for self-reflection and private growth.
Overall, the advantages of lucid dreaming square measure varied and various, and may have a
positive impact on sleep, mental health, creativity, and private development.
Techniques for inflicting lucid dreaming.
Lucid dreaming is the ability to become aware that you are just dreaming whereas you’re still
within the dream. It is often an associate degree improbably enriching and transformative
expertise, permitting you to explore new worlds, solve issues, and even improve your waking
life. Here are some techniques for inflicting lucid dreams:
1. Reality checks: one of the foremost effective ways in which to trigger a comprehensible dream
is to perform regular reality checks throughout the day. This helps to coach your brain to
question reality once it’s presumably to be in a very dream state. Some common reality checks
embrace viewing your hands or a clock, attempting to push your finger through your palm, or
reading a sentence so wanting away and reading it once more.
2. Setting the intention to dream pellucidly: Before you move to sleep, take a couple of minutes
to line the intention to possess a comprehensible dream. this will be as easy as a wordless
language to yourself, “I can become aware that I’m dreaming tonight.” you’ll additionally write
down your intention in a very dream journal or set a reminder on your phone.
3. mistreatment of external cues: differently to extend your probability of getting a
comprehensible dream is to use external cues, like carrying a bracelet or inserting a sticky note
on your sleeping room door with the word “lucid” written thereon. These cues function as
reminders to perform reality checks and set the intention to dream limpidly once you encounter
them in your dreams.
Exploring boundaries of consciousness through lucid dreaming.
One of the potential advantages of lucid dreaming is the ability to achieve insights into the
character of consciousness and reality. whereas we tend to ar awake, our perception of the planet
is formed by our physical senses and also the filters of our beliefs, expectations, and emotions. in
a very lucid dream, however, we’ve got the chance to transcend these limitations and knowledge
into a unique reality.
There are many desirable experiences and phenomena which will occur in lucid dreams. for
instance, you’ll be able to fly, teleport, or shape-shift into completely different forms. you’ll even
be able to communicate with dream characters or visit different dimensions or parallel worlds.
5. Some individuals have reportable profound religious or mystical experiences in lucid dreams,
like encountering their higher selves or deceased precious ones.
However, it’s vital to notice that the experiences in lucid dreams don’t seem to be essentially
“real” within the same method as waking reality. they will be influenced by our unconscious,
personal beliefs, and cultural influences. Therefore, it’s vital to approach lucid dreaming with an
associate degree open and skeptical mind and to be conscious of the potential biases and
limitations of our experiences.
The potential of lucid dreaming for science and analysis.
One of the areas wherever lucid dreaming has been applied in research is biology. By learning
brain activity throughout lucid dreams, researchers are able to gain insights into the neural basis
of consciousness and also the relationship between brain activity and subjective expertise. for
instance, studies have shown that inbound brain regions, like the anterior cortex and also the
basal ganglion, there are a lot of actions throughout lucid dreams than throughout non-lucid
dreams.
In addition to its potential for biology analysis, lucid dreaming additionally has the potential to
deepen our understanding of consciousness and also the nature of reality. By exploring the
boundaries of our minds and reality in lucid dreams, we tend could also be able to gain insights
into the character of the self, the link between consciousness and also the brain, and also the
potential for human potential.
However, it’s vital to notice that the experiences in lucid dreams don’t seem to be essentially
“real” within the same method as waking reality. they will be influenced by our unconscious,
personal beliefs, and cultural influences. Therefore, it’s vital to approach lucid dreaming with an
associate degree open and skeptical mind and to be conscious of the potential biases and
limitations of our experiences.
Conclusion
Lucid dreaming could be a fascinating and expansive world that gives endless prospects for
private growth and scientific exploration.
For people who have an interest in personal growth, lucid dreaming is often a robust tool for
exploring the boundaries of the mind and reality, gaining insights into the character of the self,
and breakdown issues and conflicts. It can even be a supply of inspiration, creativity, and
religious growth.
For scientists and researchers, lucid dreaming offers the distinctive chance to check the brassiere
in and consciousness in a very method that’s insufferable in waking life. By learning brain
activity and subjective experiences throughout lucid dreams, researchers are able to gain insights
into the neural basis of consciousness and also the relationship between brain activity and
subjective expertise.
6. Overall, the potential of lucid dreaming is immense and exciting. it’s the potential to deepen our
understanding of the human mind and consciousness, and to counterpoint our lives in ways in
which we are able to solely begin to imagine.