Process automation is crucial to increase productivity, more efficient use of materials, better product quality, improved safety, etc. In small-medium enterprise (SME) businesses related to household retailing, one of the process automation needed is the measurement and cutting of the mat or sheet, made of rubber or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials. Most of the household retailers that selling the sheet, the process of measuring and cutting according to the customer’s requirements are manually performed using a measuring tape and scissors. These manual processes can cause inaccuracy in length, inefficient use of material, low productivity and reduce product quality. This paper presents a low cost and portable automatic sheet cutter using the Arduino development board, which is used to control the process of measuring and cutting the materials. The system uses a push-button where the user can set the required length and quantity of the sheet. Once the required information is set, the stepper motor rolls the sheet until the required length is satisfied. Subsequently, another stepper motor moves the cutter horizontally and cut the sheet. With the automatic sheet cutter, the material is cut with acceptable precision. The design of the automatic sheet cutter is low cost and portable which significantly suitable to be used by SME household retailers.
Design and fabrication of automation for stapling of wooden supports to corru...eSAT Journals
Abstract The scope of this research is to design an automated system by which stapling of box is done. Automation is key subject for this project. Machine Design and Manufacturing Process were also subjects of interest. Accuracy in manufacturing was necessary for proper functioning of system. First of all various design of system was carried out. After comparing various possibilities in every aspect, final efficient design is selected. Design includes Scissors mechanism, Z- Shaped Base and Robot slide base. Design and selection process includes LM Guides, Actuators, Shock Absorber, Robot, and Indexer. Design stage involved basic machine design techniques and force analysis
IRJET- Smart System for Sorting Defective Parts and Distribution Line using PLCIRJET Journal
The document describes a smart system for sorting defective parts using a programmable logic controller (PLC). Reed switches are used as sensors to detect objects on conveyor belts and send signals to the PLC. Based on object height, the PLC controls DC motors to rotate belts and a pusher arm to sort objects into bins. This automated system reduces manual labor, increases sorting accuracy, and improves production efficiency compared to existing solutions. It is intended for use in small-scale industries to provide a low-cost sorting solution.
This document summarizes a research paper about developing an intelligent saw cutter system using image processing for safety. The system aims to prevent accidents and injuries that commonly occur when operating wood cutting saws. It works by using a camera and image processing software to detect the presence of hands near the saw blade in order to automatically stop the saw before injury occurs. The proposed system is intended to improve safety in woodworking industries and workshops by minimizing accidents caused by common human errors or lapses in concentration when using saw cutting equipment.
The usage of newspaper is inevitable and its demand is increasing steadily particularly in the places such as educational institutions, Railway stations, etc. At the same time, time is a precious thing that one does not want to waste in any way. In small shops it is quite difficult to buy papers during rush time period and the paying of the newspaper depending on the type would cause further time delay and there is a chance for the error in the manual payment. To avoid these problems, this project titled “Smart Newspaper Vending Machine” is proposed to deliver the newspaper to the public by using the better user interface and microcontrollers based on the Mechatronics principles. It will be more cheap and economic and it will be very useful for the college and school students. Here it is designed to deliver the newspaper by scanning the respective RFID tag which was given by the agent. It will help us to save more time and manual work will be nullified.
- The document describes a smart SMD packer device that automatically counts, cuts, and packs SMD components into packets.
- It uses infrared sensors to precisely count the number of SMD components on a roll/strip and cuts the required number. The components then fall into a collection box.
- The system is controlled by a microcontroller and can be operated remotely through a smartphone application, allowing users to request a specific number of components from anywhere. This automates the packaging process and saves time and resources compared to manual packaging.
The document discusses the increasing computerization and automation of weaving machines. Modern weaving machines use integrated microprocessors to monitor, control, and optimize functions like warp let-off, cloth take-up, and color selection. Touch screens serve as the interface between operators and the machine. Programming and archiving systems allow weaving data and machine settings to be programmed off-site and transferred to machines, shortening resetting times. Computer-aided design and manufacturing systems enable virtual simulation of fabrics and transmission of designs directly to machines.
SCOPE FOR DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF 2R EDGE TRIMMING MECHANISM & TOOL ADJUSTMENTIAEME Publication
The most relevant problem in wood-working Enterprises consists in an optimal selection of standard stock sizes and trimming of edges while finishing of the panels sheets according to specified requirements, so that the waste is minimized & finishing of the wooden panel took place. The efficiency of the production processes also depends on the organization of a good production scheduling and a fine operations sequence in order to minimize the time of operation & maximum number of production improving the automated material handling systems while visiting DATTA ENTERPRISES,MIDC, Butibori, Nagpur, we found a problem concern with the operation perform in the industry.
The document discusses different measurement technologies that can meet the increasing inspection requirements of high-production turning equipment. Non-contact turned part measuring centers like the Tesascan can automatically inspect small dental implants. Vision systems provide significant throughput advantages over manual inspection for parts like piston valves. Touch probe systems allow inspection of turned and milled contours directly on the machine for the highest throughput.
Design and fabrication of automation for stapling of wooden supports to corru...eSAT Journals
Abstract The scope of this research is to design an automated system by which stapling of box is done. Automation is key subject for this project. Machine Design and Manufacturing Process were also subjects of interest. Accuracy in manufacturing was necessary for proper functioning of system. First of all various design of system was carried out. After comparing various possibilities in every aspect, final efficient design is selected. Design includes Scissors mechanism, Z- Shaped Base and Robot slide base. Design and selection process includes LM Guides, Actuators, Shock Absorber, Robot, and Indexer. Design stage involved basic machine design techniques and force analysis
IRJET- Smart System for Sorting Defective Parts and Distribution Line using PLCIRJET Journal
The document describes a smart system for sorting defective parts using a programmable logic controller (PLC). Reed switches are used as sensors to detect objects on conveyor belts and send signals to the PLC. Based on object height, the PLC controls DC motors to rotate belts and a pusher arm to sort objects into bins. This automated system reduces manual labor, increases sorting accuracy, and improves production efficiency compared to existing solutions. It is intended for use in small-scale industries to provide a low-cost sorting solution.
This document summarizes a research paper about developing an intelligent saw cutter system using image processing for safety. The system aims to prevent accidents and injuries that commonly occur when operating wood cutting saws. It works by using a camera and image processing software to detect the presence of hands near the saw blade in order to automatically stop the saw before injury occurs. The proposed system is intended to improve safety in woodworking industries and workshops by minimizing accidents caused by common human errors or lapses in concentration when using saw cutting equipment.
The usage of newspaper is inevitable and its demand is increasing steadily particularly in the places such as educational institutions, Railway stations, etc. At the same time, time is a precious thing that one does not want to waste in any way. In small shops it is quite difficult to buy papers during rush time period and the paying of the newspaper depending on the type would cause further time delay and there is a chance for the error in the manual payment. To avoid these problems, this project titled “Smart Newspaper Vending Machine” is proposed to deliver the newspaper to the public by using the better user interface and microcontrollers based on the Mechatronics principles. It will be more cheap and economic and it will be very useful for the college and school students. Here it is designed to deliver the newspaper by scanning the respective RFID tag which was given by the agent. It will help us to save more time and manual work will be nullified.
- The document describes a smart SMD packer device that automatically counts, cuts, and packs SMD components into packets.
- It uses infrared sensors to precisely count the number of SMD components on a roll/strip and cuts the required number. The components then fall into a collection box.
- The system is controlled by a microcontroller and can be operated remotely through a smartphone application, allowing users to request a specific number of components from anywhere. This automates the packaging process and saves time and resources compared to manual packaging.
The document discusses the increasing computerization and automation of weaving machines. Modern weaving machines use integrated microprocessors to monitor, control, and optimize functions like warp let-off, cloth take-up, and color selection. Touch screens serve as the interface between operators and the machine. Programming and archiving systems allow weaving data and machine settings to be programmed off-site and transferred to machines, shortening resetting times. Computer-aided design and manufacturing systems enable virtual simulation of fabrics and transmission of designs directly to machines.
SCOPE FOR DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF 2R EDGE TRIMMING MECHANISM & TOOL ADJUSTMENTIAEME Publication
The most relevant problem in wood-working Enterprises consists in an optimal selection of standard stock sizes and trimming of edges while finishing of the panels sheets according to specified requirements, so that the waste is minimized & finishing of the wooden panel took place. The efficiency of the production processes also depends on the organization of a good production scheduling and a fine operations sequence in order to minimize the time of operation & maximum number of production improving the automated material handling systems while visiting DATTA ENTERPRISES,MIDC, Butibori, Nagpur, we found a problem concern with the operation perform in the industry.
The document discusses different measurement technologies that can meet the increasing inspection requirements of high-production turning equipment. Non-contact turned part measuring centers like the Tesascan can automatically inspect small dental implants. Vision systems provide significant throughput advantages over manual inspection for parts like piston valves. Touch probe systems allow inspection of turned and milled contours directly on the machine for the highest throughput.
IRJET- Study of Audible Identification Alert System for Rash DrivingIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed audible identification alert system for vehicles driving at high speeds. The system would use a speed sensor to detect vehicle speed and a microcontroller to determine if the speed exceeds a predefined limit. If the limit is exceeded, a buzzer would activate to warn the driver. The document outlines the components that would be required, including a speed sensor, modulator, manipulator, microcontroller and buzzer. It provides details on how each component works and diagrams of the overall system setup. The goal of the system is to reduce accidents caused by reckless or high-speed driving by alerting drivers when their speed is unsafe.
The document discusses the application of robotics in the textile industry. It describes how industrial robots are being used for various tasks like bale handling, yarn splicing, auto cone changing, auto doffing, garment folding and packing, embroidery, fabric testing, and welding. The use of robots improves productivity, reduces costs and cycle times, improves product quality and safety, and increases efficiency. However, robots also have disadvantages like high costs, requirement of experts for maintenance, and potential threats to employment. Overall, robotics is helping to improve various operations in the textile industry.
This presentation summarizes automation in the weaving process. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including introductions to automation, how it is applied to weaving, machine requirements, demands on automation, and benefits. Key features of automation solutions for weaving are digitizing artwork, analyzing fabric faults with X-rays, controlling multiple looms from one computer, designing jacquard patterns digitally, and monitoring processes on looms. Automation is important for the weaving sector to increase efficiency and quality while reducing costs. The presentation concludes that automation allows weaving to be done at higher speeds with more intricate patterns and less downtime between styles.
IRJET - Better Monitoring and Fault Response of Motor Drive using SMTP of ScadaIRJET Journal
This document describes a project to better monitor and respond to faults in motor drives using SCADA and SMTP. The system uses a Siemens PLC to monitor and control a Siemens variable frequency drive connected to an induction motor. SCADA software acquires data from the PLC and sends emails using SMTP to notify users of any drive faults or parameter changes. This allows remote monitoring and control of the industrial process, reducing site visits and labor costs. The system aims to minimize downtime by responding quickly to emergencies through email alerts.
Based on visual basic differential workbench system design and implementation...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, we take the equipment precision differential bench which homemade by Shanghai University of Engineering and Technology for the study, and use the Visual Basic for precision motion system of differential table design and secondary development. Through experiments, we can get the change in position under different sports differential table, through the measurement of data analysis, we can get in the form of differential motion error table for further compensation error of the foundation.
Keywords: Visual Basic, Differential, The error analysis
IRJET- Paper Bag Making Machine using Newspaper as a Raw MaterialIRJET Journal
This document describes a machine that produces paper bags using newspaper as the raw material. The machine was created to reduce plastic waste and pollution by replacing plastic bags. It consists of a frame, internal and external guides made of galvanized iron to shape the paper, gluing mechanisms to seal the bags, rollers connected to motors to move the paper through the machine. Newspaper is fed into the internal and external guides which shape it into a circular form. Glue is applied to seal the bag. The finished paper bags are an economically viable alternative to plastic bags that can support small businesses and reduce environmental impact. The document evaluates the machine's potential uses and validates the strength properties of different types of paper that can be used to
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Cocoa Pod Splitting and Bean Extraction ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a cocoa pod splitting and bean extraction machine. It aims to simplify the process of removing beans from cocoa pods, which is currently done manually requiring significant human labor. The machine was designed to be operated manually, constructed from locally available materials to keep costs low, and easy to assemble/disassemble so it can be shared among farmers. Components of the machine like the frame, bearing, spring, and cutting/extracting tools are modeled. The working mechanism involves placing the cocoa pod in a holder, using the handle to cut open the pod with a knife, then pressing the handle to push a tool that extracts the beans. The design of a spring used in the machine is also detailed. The
Design of milk analysis embedded system for dairy farmersIAEME Publication
This document describes the design of an embedded system called MILKOTESTER for dairy farmers. MILKOTESTER is a compact, low-cost device that measures key milk parameters like fat content, corrected lactometer reading, weight, and pH. It provides accurate readings in a simple, automated way without chemicals. The system uses light scattering to measure fat and a strain gauge to automatically measure and correct lactometer readings. Test results and payments are displayed and stored to benefit farmers through immediate payment and quality information.
This document provides information about the latest edition (2013) of the USTER STATISTICS benchmarking database, including new contents, changes, and testing procedures. Some of the key updates include: distinguishing knitting and weaving yarns; adding new count ranges, quality characteristics, and yarn measuring equipment; incorporating data from the USTER ZWEIGLE HL400 and CLASSIMAT 5; and introducing new raw materials, yarn types, and blends. The document also outlines testing conditions such as temperature, humidity and sample sizes. Restrictions on the use and applicability of the statistics are described.
This document provides a report on an embedded systems industrial training submitted by Islam Nabil Mahmoud. The report covers several topics related to embedded systems including microcontrollers, system on chip, differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, microcontroller CPU architectures, memory types, real time systems, simulators vs emulators, C programming, data structures and algorithms, computer architecture, and several labs completed during the training. The training was supervised by Dr. Mohamed Ali Torad and took place from May to August 2017 at the Higher Technology Institute.
A survey of computer vision and soft computing techniques for ripeness gradin...Editor Jacotech
This document summarizes previous research on using computer vision and soft computing techniques to grade fruit ripeness. It discusses methods like artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and image processing techniques like color analysis that have been used. The document reviews several previous studies that developed systems for grading ripeness of fruits like bananas, papayas, cherries, tomatoes, lemons, guavas, and pineapples using these types of methods. It finds that while accurate classification is possible, limitations remain around uncertainties and errors in some systems.
IRJET- Predictive Maintenance of DC MotorIRJET Journal
This document describes a predictive maintenance system for DC motors using vibration and temperature sensors. The system is designed to continuously monitor sensor values and compare them to standard motor values stored in an Arduino Uno microcontroller. If the sensor values exceed limits, the Arduino sends an SMS alert via a GSM module. This allows maintenance to be scheduled before failure occurs. The system aims to reduce maintenance costs by detecting problems early. It removes the need for manual monitoring and provides safety against motor failure by shutting off power if values rise above the highest limit.
Review Paper on Semi Automatic Chips MachineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and development of a semi-automatic potato chips machine. The machine uses a slicing wheel with sharp blades powered by a 1/12 HP electric motor to cut potatoes into uniform 2mm thick slices at a rate of 60kg per hour. Potatoes are fed into two cylinders and drop onto the rotating slicing wheel to be cut. The key components are the slicing wheel, V-belt power transmission system, cylinders, and electric motor. The design aims to provide a low-cost, simple machine for small-scale potato chip production.
Real time energy data acquisition and alarming system for monitoring power co...eSAT Journals
Abstract Manufacturing and the processes involved consume substantial amounts of energy. There can be requirement of energy management technique in the power tool manufacturing industry. The maintenance department in power tool manufacturing industry may have different load centers like machine shop, winding shop, utility and assembly shop etc. Readings on these meters are taken manually. This process is time consuming and has inefficient accuracy. So, there can be need of computerized energy data acquisition system. By providing an alarming system the energy losses will be monitored. Through this system design, there will be automatic elimination of man-made errors, reading energy consumption report through Microsoft excel as well as firing through email. Keywords: Energy losses, Microcontroller, RS 232 and PC
Real time energy data acquisition and alarming system for monitoring power co...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
VISION ALGORITHM FOR SEAM TRACKING IN AUTOMATIC WELDING SYSTEMijmech
Arc welding is an important technology for joining metals and repairing metal products in manufacturing
industries. It is usually performed by a skilled worker. Due to the shortage of skilled workers and due to the
hazardous and unpleasant working conditions, the automation of arc welding is gaining importance
nowadays. Existing welding robots require that the dimensions, position and orientation to be programmed
prior to the process. These robots suffer from an evident lack of flexibility. This paper presents an
automatic welding system assisted by a machine vision system to compute the dimension, position and
orientation of the workpieces. By analysing the image taken by the camera, a simple algorithm is developed
to detect the dimension, position and orientation of the workpieces. The calculated data is then fed to a
controller which controls the welding electrode movement. Use of machine vision system has eliminated the
need to pre feed the workpiece data to the robot and hence the system is made flexible.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Automatic PVC Pipe Feed and Cutting MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of an automatic PVC pipe feeding and cutting machine. The machine aims to automate the pipe cutting process for improved productivity compared to manual cutting. It uses a DC motor and sensors to automatically feed the PVC pipe into a chuck where it is cut to the specified length by a hacksaw blade. The machine cuts multiple pipes in a batch automatically without human involvement in measuring or loading/unloading the pipes. This reduces labor costs and improves accuracy of cutting uniform lengths of pipe needed for mass production.
The document describes an automatic vegetable cutting machine. It aims to reduce labor costs and increase production by automating vegetable cutting. Sensors allow the machine to safely cut vegetables at higher speeds with more precision than human workers. This will benefit large-scale food factories by reducing costs while improving safety, efficiency and quality compared to manual cutting.
This document discusses the design and use of electronic pens for computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It begins with an introduction to electronic pens, which can digitally capture handwritten notes. It then outlines the objectives and methodology of designing an automatic mini CNC machine controlled by an electronic pen. The document provides a block diagram of typical CNC system components like input devices, control units, driving systems, machine tools, and feedback devices. It also discusses applications of CNC machines and electronic pens in collecting field data and digitizing handwritten information.
Machinability and Performance Analysis MMT with EWMAIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development of a 3-axis miniature machine tool for micro-machining applications. It first introduces the growing demand for miniaturized components from industries like medical and discusses some of the challenges of micro-machining like tool vibrations. It then describes the design and construction of the developed 3-axis miniature machine tool, which includes precision positioning stages, ultra-high speed spindles, a force dynamometer, and microscope. Finite element analysis was performed to analyze the static and dynamic characteristics of the machine's spindle. The goal was to develop a machine capable of micro-machining with improved accuracy and efficiency over traditional machine tools.
This document describes an automatic wire cutting machine that was designed to reduce human effort and waste in cutting electrical wires. The system takes input for the desired wire length from a keypad, displays it on an LCD screen, and uses motors controlled by a microcontroller to accurately measure and cut the wire. One motor pulls the wire from a bundle at a controlled speed while a second motor activates a cutting mechanism. This allows wires to be cut precisely and automatically to user-specified lengths, improving efficiency in electrical manufacturing and assembly.
IRJET- Material Dimension Analyzing in ConveyorIRJET Journal
This document describes a material dimension analysis machine that uses sensors on a conveyor system to measure the dimensions of materials and display the results. Key components include a conveyor belt powered by a DC motor to transport materials, sensors to detect the length and width, a microcontroller to process the sensor readings and display the results, and an LCD screen to output the dimension measurements in mm. The system is designed to automate dimensional inspection and reduce manual inspection errors and time for quality control purposes in manufacturing industries.
IRJET- Study of Audible Identification Alert System for Rash DrivingIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed audible identification alert system for vehicles driving at high speeds. The system would use a speed sensor to detect vehicle speed and a microcontroller to determine if the speed exceeds a predefined limit. If the limit is exceeded, a buzzer would activate to warn the driver. The document outlines the components that would be required, including a speed sensor, modulator, manipulator, microcontroller and buzzer. It provides details on how each component works and diagrams of the overall system setup. The goal of the system is to reduce accidents caused by reckless or high-speed driving by alerting drivers when their speed is unsafe.
The document discusses the application of robotics in the textile industry. It describes how industrial robots are being used for various tasks like bale handling, yarn splicing, auto cone changing, auto doffing, garment folding and packing, embroidery, fabric testing, and welding. The use of robots improves productivity, reduces costs and cycle times, improves product quality and safety, and increases efficiency. However, robots also have disadvantages like high costs, requirement of experts for maintenance, and potential threats to employment. Overall, robotics is helping to improve various operations in the textile industry.
This presentation summarizes automation in the weaving process. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including introductions to automation, how it is applied to weaving, machine requirements, demands on automation, and benefits. Key features of automation solutions for weaving are digitizing artwork, analyzing fabric faults with X-rays, controlling multiple looms from one computer, designing jacquard patterns digitally, and monitoring processes on looms. Automation is important for the weaving sector to increase efficiency and quality while reducing costs. The presentation concludes that automation allows weaving to be done at higher speeds with more intricate patterns and less downtime between styles.
IRJET - Better Monitoring and Fault Response of Motor Drive using SMTP of ScadaIRJET Journal
This document describes a project to better monitor and respond to faults in motor drives using SCADA and SMTP. The system uses a Siemens PLC to monitor and control a Siemens variable frequency drive connected to an induction motor. SCADA software acquires data from the PLC and sends emails using SMTP to notify users of any drive faults or parameter changes. This allows remote monitoring and control of the industrial process, reducing site visits and labor costs. The system aims to minimize downtime by responding quickly to emergencies through email alerts.
Based on visual basic differential workbench system design and implementation...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, we take the equipment precision differential bench which homemade by Shanghai University of Engineering and Technology for the study, and use the Visual Basic for precision motion system of differential table design and secondary development. Through experiments, we can get the change in position under different sports differential table, through the measurement of data analysis, we can get in the form of differential motion error table for further compensation error of the foundation.
Keywords: Visual Basic, Differential, The error analysis
IRJET- Paper Bag Making Machine using Newspaper as a Raw MaterialIRJET Journal
This document describes a machine that produces paper bags using newspaper as the raw material. The machine was created to reduce plastic waste and pollution by replacing plastic bags. It consists of a frame, internal and external guides made of galvanized iron to shape the paper, gluing mechanisms to seal the bags, rollers connected to motors to move the paper through the machine. Newspaper is fed into the internal and external guides which shape it into a circular form. Glue is applied to seal the bag. The finished paper bags are an economically viable alternative to plastic bags that can support small businesses and reduce environmental impact. The document evaluates the machine's potential uses and validates the strength properties of different types of paper that can be used to
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Cocoa Pod Splitting and Bean Extraction ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a cocoa pod splitting and bean extraction machine. It aims to simplify the process of removing beans from cocoa pods, which is currently done manually requiring significant human labor. The machine was designed to be operated manually, constructed from locally available materials to keep costs low, and easy to assemble/disassemble so it can be shared among farmers. Components of the machine like the frame, bearing, spring, and cutting/extracting tools are modeled. The working mechanism involves placing the cocoa pod in a holder, using the handle to cut open the pod with a knife, then pressing the handle to push a tool that extracts the beans. The design of a spring used in the machine is also detailed. The
Design of milk analysis embedded system for dairy farmersIAEME Publication
This document describes the design of an embedded system called MILKOTESTER for dairy farmers. MILKOTESTER is a compact, low-cost device that measures key milk parameters like fat content, corrected lactometer reading, weight, and pH. It provides accurate readings in a simple, automated way without chemicals. The system uses light scattering to measure fat and a strain gauge to automatically measure and correct lactometer readings. Test results and payments are displayed and stored to benefit farmers through immediate payment and quality information.
This document provides information about the latest edition (2013) of the USTER STATISTICS benchmarking database, including new contents, changes, and testing procedures. Some of the key updates include: distinguishing knitting and weaving yarns; adding new count ranges, quality characteristics, and yarn measuring equipment; incorporating data from the USTER ZWEIGLE HL400 and CLASSIMAT 5; and introducing new raw materials, yarn types, and blends. The document also outlines testing conditions such as temperature, humidity and sample sizes. Restrictions on the use and applicability of the statistics are described.
This document provides a report on an embedded systems industrial training submitted by Islam Nabil Mahmoud. The report covers several topics related to embedded systems including microcontrollers, system on chip, differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, microcontroller CPU architectures, memory types, real time systems, simulators vs emulators, C programming, data structures and algorithms, computer architecture, and several labs completed during the training. The training was supervised by Dr. Mohamed Ali Torad and took place from May to August 2017 at the Higher Technology Institute.
A survey of computer vision and soft computing techniques for ripeness gradin...Editor Jacotech
This document summarizes previous research on using computer vision and soft computing techniques to grade fruit ripeness. It discusses methods like artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and image processing techniques like color analysis that have been used. The document reviews several previous studies that developed systems for grading ripeness of fruits like bananas, papayas, cherries, tomatoes, lemons, guavas, and pineapples using these types of methods. It finds that while accurate classification is possible, limitations remain around uncertainties and errors in some systems.
IRJET- Predictive Maintenance of DC MotorIRJET Journal
This document describes a predictive maintenance system for DC motors using vibration and temperature sensors. The system is designed to continuously monitor sensor values and compare them to standard motor values stored in an Arduino Uno microcontroller. If the sensor values exceed limits, the Arduino sends an SMS alert via a GSM module. This allows maintenance to be scheduled before failure occurs. The system aims to reduce maintenance costs by detecting problems early. It removes the need for manual monitoring and provides safety against motor failure by shutting off power if values rise above the highest limit.
Review Paper on Semi Automatic Chips MachineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and development of a semi-automatic potato chips machine. The machine uses a slicing wheel with sharp blades powered by a 1/12 HP electric motor to cut potatoes into uniform 2mm thick slices at a rate of 60kg per hour. Potatoes are fed into two cylinders and drop onto the rotating slicing wheel to be cut. The key components are the slicing wheel, V-belt power transmission system, cylinders, and electric motor. The design aims to provide a low-cost, simple machine for small-scale potato chip production.
Real time energy data acquisition and alarming system for monitoring power co...eSAT Journals
Abstract Manufacturing and the processes involved consume substantial amounts of energy. There can be requirement of energy management technique in the power tool manufacturing industry. The maintenance department in power tool manufacturing industry may have different load centers like machine shop, winding shop, utility and assembly shop etc. Readings on these meters are taken manually. This process is time consuming and has inefficient accuracy. So, there can be need of computerized energy data acquisition system. By providing an alarming system the energy losses will be monitored. Through this system design, there will be automatic elimination of man-made errors, reading energy consumption report through Microsoft excel as well as firing through email. Keywords: Energy losses, Microcontroller, RS 232 and PC
Real time energy data acquisition and alarming system for monitoring power co...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
VISION ALGORITHM FOR SEAM TRACKING IN AUTOMATIC WELDING SYSTEMijmech
Arc welding is an important technology for joining metals and repairing metal products in manufacturing
industries. It is usually performed by a skilled worker. Due to the shortage of skilled workers and due to the
hazardous and unpleasant working conditions, the automation of arc welding is gaining importance
nowadays. Existing welding robots require that the dimensions, position and orientation to be programmed
prior to the process. These robots suffer from an evident lack of flexibility. This paper presents an
automatic welding system assisted by a machine vision system to compute the dimension, position and
orientation of the workpieces. By analysing the image taken by the camera, a simple algorithm is developed
to detect the dimension, position and orientation of the workpieces. The calculated data is then fed to a
controller which controls the welding electrode movement. Use of machine vision system has eliminated the
need to pre feed the workpiece data to the robot and hence the system is made flexible.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Automatic PVC Pipe Feed and Cutting MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of an automatic PVC pipe feeding and cutting machine. The machine aims to automate the pipe cutting process for improved productivity compared to manual cutting. It uses a DC motor and sensors to automatically feed the PVC pipe into a chuck where it is cut to the specified length by a hacksaw blade. The machine cuts multiple pipes in a batch automatically without human involvement in measuring or loading/unloading the pipes. This reduces labor costs and improves accuracy of cutting uniform lengths of pipe needed for mass production.
The document describes an automatic vegetable cutting machine. It aims to reduce labor costs and increase production by automating vegetable cutting. Sensors allow the machine to safely cut vegetables at higher speeds with more precision than human workers. This will benefit large-scale food factories by reducing costs while improving safety, efficiency and quality compared to manual cutting.
This document discusses the design and use of electronic pens for computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It begins with an introduction to electronic pens, which can digitally capture handwritten notes. It then outlines the objectives and methodology of designing an automatic mini CNC machine controlled by an electronic pen. The document provides a block diagram of typical CNC system components like input devices, control units, driving systems, machine tools, and feedback devices. It also discusses applications of CNC machines and electronic pens in collecting field data and digitizing handwritten information.
Machinability and Performance Analysis MMT with EWMAIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development of a 3-axis miniature machine tool for micro-machining applications. It first introduces the growing demand for miniaturized components from industries like medical and discusses some of the challenges of micro-machining like tool vibrations. It then describes the design and construction of the developed 3-axis miniature machine tool, which includes precision positioning stages, ultra-high speed spindles, a force dynamometer, and microscope. Finite element analysis was performed to analyze the static and dynamic characteristics of the machine's spindle. The goal was to develop a machine capable of micro-machining with improved accuracy and efficiency over traditional machine tools.
This document describes an automatic wire cutting machine that was designed to reduce human effort and waste in cutting electrical wires. The system takes input for the desired wire length from a keypad, displays it on an LCD screen, and uses motors controlled by a microcontroller to accurately measure and cut the wire. One motor pulls the wire from a bundle at a controlled speed while a second motor activates a cutting mechanism. This allows wires to be cut precisely and automatically to user-specified lengths, improving efficiency in electrical manufacturing and assembly.
IRJET- Material Dimension Analyzing in ConveyorIRJET Journal
This document describes a material dimension analysis machine that uses sensors on a conveyor system to measure the dimensions of materials and display the results. Key components include a conveyor belt powered by a DC motor to transport materials, sensors to detect the length and width, a microcontroller to process the sensor readings and display the results, and an LCD screen to output the dimension measurements in mm. The system is designed to automate dimensional inspection and reduce manual inspection errors and time for quality control purposes in manufacturing industries.
IRJET-Production of Hybrid Aluminium Matrix Composite with Welding Slag and F...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
Study of Fabrication of Multipurpose Tooling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE AND ENGINEERED PROCESSES IN MECHATRONIC INDUSTRY: AN I...ijaia
This document summarizes a case study on implementing predictive maintenance processes in a mechatronic industry using machine learning algorithms. A company installed sensors on a cutting machine to monitor blade status in real-time. A software platform was developed to analyze sensor data using k-Means clustering and LSTM algorithms to predict blade break conditions. The platform classified risk maps and predicted alert levels based on recent variable values. This approach aimed to optimize maintenance and reduce machine downtime for customers.
This document summarizes an automatic spray painting machine that uses a programmable logic controller (PLC) operated pneumatic spray gun. The machine was designed to automatically paint parts on a conveyor belt. It uses sensors to identify parts and adjust the spray gun position. The PLC controls the spray guns, conveyor speed, and other automated functions according to a programmed logic. This allows for more efficient and consistent painting of parts compared to manual painting methods. An evaluation of the system found it achieved satisfactory painting results with reduced rejection rates and increased productivity compared to traditional painting methods.
IRJET- Android Based Industrial Device Management System for Physical Han...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system that allows physically handicapped individuals to independently operate industrial devices and move around using a wheelchair. The system uses an Android touchscreen interface connected to an Arduino board to control motors that drive a wheelchair and operate industrial appliances like lights and fans wirelessly via Bluetooth. It aims to give handicapped people mobility and the ability to control devices without external assistance. The system has two switch states - one to control wheelchair movement and the other to select appliances to operate remotely through the Android interface and Arduino/Bluetooth connection. It was created to help the elderly and disabled gain independence and improve their quality of life.
Development of Semi-Autonomous Sheet Bending MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the development of a semi-autonomous sheet bending machine. The machine uses pneumatic actuators powered by an air compressor to bend sheet metal with minimal human interference. Finite element analysis was conducted to ensure the design of the actuators and frame could withstand bending forces. The semi-automatic design makes the machine more affordable than fully automatic options, making it suitable for smaller industries.
The presentation introduces an automatic laser guided punching machine that uses laser technology to identify punching points for high accuracy and increased productivity, automating a process that reduces setup times and improves production rates over traditional manual punching machines; key features and advantages of the system are described along with its applications in small and medium industries.
IRJET-Automation of Boring Machine using PLC and HMIIRJET Journal
The document describes automating a boring machine using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and human-machine interface (HMI). Key points:
1) The existing manual boring machine produces parts with low quality and accuracy. Automating it using a PLC, servo drives, and HMI can reduce manual work and improve productivity and accuracy.
2) The automation system uses a PLC to control servo motors and other outputs based on inputs like switches. An HMI allows operators to input commands and view outputs.
3) Simulation results show the automated machine doubled production rate compared to the manual machine, reduced waste, and increased batch completion per hour. The automation was successfully implemented and improved the boring process
IRJET-Hob Grinding Machine Automation using PLC&HMIIRJET Journal
This document describes automating a hob grinding machine using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and human machine interface (HMI). The existing machine operates manually with low quality and accuracy. The proposed automated system uses sensors and a PLC/HMI to control motors, solenoids and other components for improved productivity, quality and reduced manual work. The control panel was designed with components like the PLC, HMI, relays and switches to interface with the grinding machine. The automation is expected to increase production accuracy while decreasing maintenance costs and downtime compared to the existing system.
IRJET- Multilevel Object Sorting System using PLC ControllerIRJET Journal
This document describes a multilevel object sorting system using a programmable logic controller (PLC). The system uses conveyor belts, sensors, pneumatic cylinders and a PLC to sort objects by height. Laser sensors detect the height of objects on the conveyor belt and send signals to the PLC. The PLC then controls pneumatic cylinders to push objects off the conveyor belt into different sorting bins based on each object's measured height. The goal is to develop an automated low-cost sorting solution for industrial applications.
IRJET - Study on Computer Numerical Control (CNC) TechnologyIRJET Journal
This document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) technology and CNC machines. It begins with an introduction to CNC machines and their benefits over conventional machines, such as improved automation, consistency, accuracy, and flexibility. It then describes the typical parts of a CNC machine, including the controller, drives, motors (servo motors, spindle motors, stepper motors), and mechanical components. The document discusses the differences between conventional and CNC machines. It also categorizes different types of CNC machines and novel machining technologies. In conclusion, it states that CNC machines are preferable for mass production due to their accuracy and reliability, though the initial costs are higher than conventional machines.
IRJET- Induction Motor Condition Monitoring and Controlling based on IoTIRJET Journal
This document presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for remote monitoring and controlling of induction motors used in industrial applications. Sensors are used to monitor parameters like temperature, vibration, voltage, current and RPM of the induction motor. An Arduino microcontroller collects data from the sensors and transmits it to the cloud for remote monitoring via a gateway module. The system allows automatic or manual start/stop control of the motor to prevent failures based on the monitored parameters. The objectives are to increase reliability of industrial motors through continuous monitoring and easy remote control capabilities. This provides benefits like preventative maintenance, reduced downtime, increased productivity and protection of expensive motor equipment.
Design and Manufacturing of Automated Card sheet Cutting MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and manufacturing of an automated card sheet cutting machine. The machine uses a roller mechanism powered by a motor to continuously cut cardboard sheets. Sensors and an Arduino controller are used to automatically feed sheets and control the cutting operation. Components like the roller, die, frame and shaft were analyzed using ANSYS software to evaluate stresses and ensure optimal dimensions. Testing showed the machine could efficiently cut different paper types at speeds up to 95% efficiency. The automated design aims to reduce costs and cutting times for industrial operations compared to conventional heavy machines.
IRJET- A Survey on Advanced Ration Distribution SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed advanced ration distribution system that aims to automate and digitize the government ration distribution process in India. The proposed system would use hardware components like an ARM7 controller, fingerprint scanner, liquid crystal display, motor driver, keypad and sensors to accurately measure and record ration quantities. It would also integrate a database on a web page to allow consumers and government authorities to access stock and transaction information online. The system is envisioned to replace manual processes, reduce corruption and irregularities, and provide a more convenient and transparent ration distribution experience for consumers.
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Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
2. 5140 Ì ISSN: 2088-8708
Figure 1. Automatic cutting system with ultrasonic and electric rotary cutting tools [1]
Several automatic cutter machines are proposed in the past. Mende et al., [2] proposed an automatic
vegetable leaf cutter using image processing and embedded system techniques. The proposed automatic
machine is used to cut the leafy green vegetables which are heavily consumed in restaurants, hotels, wedding
ceremony, etc. The image processing technique is used to perform quality checking to separate the good and
the bad vegetables by capturing the image of the leaves. The leafy vegetables proceed to the cutting process if
its quality is good. Otherwise, the bad leafy vegetables are deposited into the bad quality bin. In a study, an
automatic carpet edge-cutting system based on computer vision to improve the production and quality of the
product is proposed [3]. A similar approach of using a computer vision technique is proposed in [4, 5]. Another
technique of using a laser to cut the paper is proposed in [6]. Jung et al., [7] proposed an automatic cutting
machine for glass material in a product line of a touch screen panel. The manual cutting tends to damage
the glass due to un-even pressure applied by the workers onto the glass. Hence, the automated glass cutting
machine is proposed to improve the production yield rate.
In a recent study, Lakhe et al., [8] designed an automatic cutting machine using a pneumatic technique
for metal pipes and rods. The pipe is manually clamped to the machine before the cutting process takes
place. Elsewhere, Phakphonhamin et al., [9] conducted a study to optimize the performance of the LECTRA
automatic fabric cutting machine. LECTRA is the manufacturer of the advanced automatic cutting machines.
The optimization focuses on improving work practices and the workloads of the operator. In the past, a major
study was focusing on optimization of the cutting process to improve the reliability, precision, efficiency, wear
and tear, etc., [10–22]. In other studies, [23, 24], the automation process to change the cutter tools is proposed.
Based on all the above, generally, the study in the automation of cutting applications can be catego-
rized into two categories which are development and process optimization. This paper focuses on developing
the automation system for measuring and cutting the sheet made of rubber or PVC for SME businesses related
to household retailing. The automated design receives user inputs such as the length and quantity of the sheet.
This information is sent to the Arduino which controlled the process of rolling (i.e., according to the length
key-ed in by the user) and cutting the sheet by utilizing two stepper motors. The low-cost components are used
to develop the automatic sheet cutter system and the design is portable to suit the demands for SME house-
hold retailers. Moreover, the automated sheet cutter is expected to increase the productivity and quality of the
product, and increase the efficiency of the material’s usage.
2. METHODOLOGY
In this section, the methodology to design the low-cost and portable automatic sheet cutter is
described. The proposed design must be able to receive two user inputs which are the quantity and the length of
the sheet. Based on these specifications, the operation of the automatic sheet cutter is developed as illustrated
in Figure 2. The sheet cutter can be operated in a dual-mode which are manual and automatic modes. In the
manual operation mode, the user can control the movement of the roller (i.e., used to roll the sheet) or the cutter
by pressing up/down or left/right buttons, respectively. In the automatic mode, first, the sheet must be set in a
zero (i.e., initial) position. The zero position can be set manually by rolling up or down the sheet using up/down
buttons. Once the zero position is achieved, the user can enter the quantity and the length of the sheet. The
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 5, October 2020 : 5139 – 5146
3. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708 Ì 5141
liquid crystal display (LCD) used to display the quality and length of the sheet which was set by the user. The
sheet cutter operates automatically according to the given inputs once the start button is pressed.
(a) (b)
Figure 2. Operation of the sheet cutter (a) Manual, (b) Automatic
Figure 3 depicts the top-level architecture of the proposed automatic cutter machine to achieve the
above requirements. The proposed design can be developed using an Arduino Mega 2560, 2×17HS4401
stepper motor, 2×A4988 stepper motor driver, 2×4 push-button and I2C 2004 Serial LCD. The user inputs
such as length, quantity, movement of the roller, movement of the cutter, and start are set using push-button.
The Arduino board received and processed the user inputs to produce outputs that are used to controls the
information display on the LCD and the movement of the stepper motors. Following the design in [25], two
stepper motors are used to control the movement of the roller and cutter, respectively. A driver is needed
to drive the stepper motor which requires a supply voltage of 12V DC. On the other hand, an Arduino board
requires a supply voltage of 8V DC. Therefore, a power supply circuit is required which consists of a step-down
transformer (240V AC to 12V AC), AC-to-DC converter, and step-down converter (12V DC to 8V DC).
Low-cost and portable automatic sheet cutter (Mohd Syafiq Mispan)
4. 5142 Ì ISSN: 2088-8708
Arduino Mega 2560Control Button
LCD
Power Supply
Stepper Motors
Figure 3. Top-level architecture of the proposed automatic sheet cutter.
3. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
Figure 4 illustrates the prototype of a fully functional automatic sheet cutter that has been built based
on the requirements and components described in Section 2.. The prototype consists of three main parts which
are the roller-cutter framework, Ardunio-based controller circuitry, and sheet racking tool. Figure 4a illustrates
the roller-cutter framework. The base of the framework is made of steel. As can be seen in Figure 4a, two
stepper motors are used to control the movement of the roller and cutter, respectively. The roller is made
of rubber material to achieve a maximum grip of the sheet. The roller-cutter framework is designed to have
hook-shaped ends such that it can be easily attached or detached (i.e., portable) to the sheet racking tool. The
Arduino-based controller circuitry is shown in Figure 4b which has an extra feature of a cooling fan system.
The power supply circuit outputs two different voltages of 12V and 8V DC to supply the stepper motor driver
and Arduino development board, respectively. The sheet racking tool is constructed following the existing
design used in the household retail shops as depicted in Figure 4c.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 4. Prototype of the fully functional automatic sheet cutter (a) Close-up view of the roller-cutter
framework, (b) Arduino-based controller circuitry, (c) Sheet racking tool, (d) Zero position
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 5, October 2020 : 5139 – 5146
5. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708 Ì 5143
When the system is powered-up, the LCD displays two modes of operations which are manual and
auto, as shown in Figure 5a. A manual mode operation allows the user to simply move the roller or cutter by
pressing appropriate push-button, as described in Figure 2a. Before selecting the auto mode, the user has to set
the sheet in a zero (initial) position which can only be done in manual mode. A zero position is achieved when
the sheet’s end is perpendicular to the cutter’s blade. Once a zero position is achieved, the auto mode can be
selected which displays the sequence of the menu as illustrated in Figure 5b. The user has to key-in the quantity
and length of the sheet. To start the cutting process, the user has to push the start button. The LCD displays
’CUTTING’ indicating the process of cutting and ’FINISH’ is displayed once the cutting process completed.
(a) (b)
Figure 5. LCD menu (a) Main display, (b) Auto menu
Table 1. Comparison of the required length and the cut length for quantity > 1
Required Length (cm) Cut Length (cm) |∆|(cm)
5 5.4 0.4
5 4.9 0.1
5 5.2 0.2
10 10.3 0.3
10 10.1 0.1
10 10.3 0.3
The performance of the automatic sheet cutter in Figure 4 is measured and analyzed using Root Mean
Square Error (RMSE) as described in (1), where ˆyi is the predicted value, yi is the target value and n is the
number of measurements.
RMSE =
n
i=1
( ˆyi − yi)2
n
(1)
Table 1 shows the accuracy of the automatic sheet cutter when the length is set to 5cm and 10cm. For each
length, the quantity is set to 3 (n = 3). Inaccuracy in length is observed but it is consistent for all the readings.
This observation indicates that the difference between the required length and the cut length, |∆| is independent
of the required length. Subsequently, the quantity is increases to 15 (n = 15) for each of the required length
in Table 1. Given n=15 and by using (1), the RMSE is computed and obtained the values of 0.227cm and
0.234cm, respectively for a required length of 5cm and 10cm. The RMSE for both required lengths is quite
close and agreed with an early observation from the tabulated data in Table 1.
To further quantify this observation, another set of experiments is conducted. The quantity is set to
1 whereas the length of the sheet is increased gradually by 1cm within the range of 4cm to 10cm with a total
of 7 measurements (n = 7). Table 2 shows the cutting results. The minimum and maximum of |∆| are 0.2cm
and 0.5cm, respectively. Meanwhile, RMSE is computed using (1) for n = 7 which obtained a value of about
0.344cm. The results of |∆| and RMSE from a tabulated data in Table 2 is slightly bigger than |∆| in Table
1 and previously computed RMSE which based on the extended data of Table 1 (i.e., n = 15 for each of the
required length). The main reason is because of the results in Table 1 are based on the continuous cutting
process (i.e. quantity >1 for a required length). This discrepancy leads to an identification of two factors that
Low-cost and portable automatic sheet cutter (Mohd Syafiq Mispan)
6. 5144 Ì ISSN: 2088-8708
causing inaccuracy in length. These factors are parallax error during the setting of zero position and the friction
during the rolling process. The parallax error can be avoided by using the auto-zeroing sensor. Furthermore,
the friction-less material can be used as a roller’s material to ensure a fine rolling process. Both solutions could
incur a high cost to the development of the automatic sheet cutter. The accuracy of the proposed automatic
sheet cutter shown in Tables 1 and 2 are acceptable for the usage of household retail shops. The development
of the automatic sheet cutter is considered as low cost as no advanced cutting technologies involved.
Table 2. Comparison of the required length and the cut length for quantity=1.
Required Length (cm) Cut Length (cm) |∆|(cm)
4 4.5 0.5
5 5.3 0.3
6 5.6 0.4
7 7.4 0.4
8 7.8 0.2
9 9.2 0.2
10 10.3 0.3
4. FUTURE WORKS
The prototype of the automatic sheet cutter proposed in this study has not been considering the feed-
back between the roller and the main controller (i.e., Arduino). Given a situation, for example, the roller rolls
the sheet and it reaches the end of the sheet. The system will continue to roll as this incident is not captured
by the system. Therefore, for future improvement, limit switches are required at the roller to notify the system
that this incident has occurred and the system returns an invalid measurement.
5. CONCLUSION
Automation is crucial to increase the productivity and quality of the product, and increase the ef-
ficiency of the material’s usage. In SME household retailing businesses, process automation is needed to
improve the manual process of measuring and cutting the mat or sheet made of rubber or PVC materials. The
mat or sheet often use as a floor or table mat. A low-cost and portable automatic sheet cutter is proposed in
this study to fulfills the demands in the household retailing field. The proposed design consists of three main
parts which are Arduino-based controller circuitry, roller-cutter framework, and sheet racking tool. The sheet
racking tool is following the existing design used in household retail shops. Therefore, the design of the roller-
cutter framework can be simply fitted to the existing sheet racking tool. The accuracy of the automatic sheet
cutter is acceptable with a maximum deviation observed is ±0.5cm of the required length. The automatic sheet
cutter costs reasonably cheap as no advanced cutting technologies involved.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to thank Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka for providing instrumentation
devices and financial supports to complete this project.
REFERENCES
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Low-cost and portable automatic sheet cutter (Mohd Syafiq Mispan)
8. 5146 Ì ISSN: 2088-8708
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Mohd Syafiq Mispan received B.Eng Electrical (Electronics) and M.Eng Electrical (Computer and
Microelectronic System) from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia in 2007 and 2010 respec-
tively. He had experienced working in semiconductor industries from 2007 until 2014 before pursu-
ing his Ph.D. degree. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in Electronics and Electrical Engineering from
University of Southampton, United Kingdom in 2018. He is currently a senior lecturer in Fakulti
Teknologi Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. His current
research interests include hardware security, CMOS reliability, VLSI design, and Electronic Systems
Design.
Ahmad Hafizzuddin Mustafa received a Diploma of Electronic Engineering (Computer) from
Ungku Omar Polytechnic (PUO), Malaysia. He is currently pursuing a Bachelor of Computer Engi-
neering Technology (Computer Systems) at the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
Hafez Sarkawi received B.Eng Electrical (Electronics) from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia in 2007
and M.Eng (Industrial Electronics and Control) from Universiti Malaya in 2012. Currently, he is a
Lecturer at the Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
Melaka and with the Advance Sensors & Embedded Controls System (ASECs) research group. His
research interests include power electronics and control systems such as DC-DC converter, robust
control, and hybrid control.
Aiman Zakwan Jidin obtained his M.Eng in Electronic and Microelectronic System Engineering
from ESIEE Engineering Paris France in 2011. He has 2 years of working experience in designing
digital IC and digital system in FPGA at Altera Corporation Malaysia, before joining Universiti
Teknikal Malaysia Melaka as lecturer and researcher, in Electronics and Computer Engineering. His
research interests include FPGA Design and Digital System Design
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 5, October 2020 : 5139 – 5146