Logical Fallacy and its Types (Part I) PPT CANGREJO.pptx

1. ENGLISH FOR
ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES- 12
Here starts the
lesson!

2. “My son, do not let wisdom
and understanding out of
your sight, preserve sound
judgment and discretion.” -
Proverbs 3:21

3. MAIN IDEA TREE Directions:
1. Group yourselves into 5.
2. Complete the Maid Idea
Tree: Members number 1, 2
and 3 will write their ideas
about the bible verse in the
roots. Member number 4
will summarize all of the 3
main ideas and member
number 5 will report their
output.
Time limit: 6 minutes

4. MEMBER # 1 Directions:
1. Group yourselves into 5.
2. Complete the Maid Idea
Tree: Members number 1, 2
and 3 will write their ideas
about the bible verse in the
roots. Member number 4
will summarize all of the 3
main ideas and member
number 5 will report their
output.
Time limit: 5 mins & 30 seconds

5. MEMBER # 2 Directions:
1. Group yourselves into 5.
2. Complete the Maid Idea
Tree: Members number 1, 2
and 3 will write their ideas
about the bible verse in the
roots. Member number 4
will summarize all of the 3
main ideas and member
number 5 will report their
output.
Time limit: 5 mins & 30 seconds

6. MEMBER # 3 Directions:
1. Group yourselves into 5.
2. Complete the Maid Idea
Tree: Members number 1, 2
and 3 will write their ideas
about the bible verse in the
roots. Member number 4
will summarize all of the 3
main ideas and member
number 5 will report their
output.
Time limit: 5 mins. & 30 secons

7. MEMBER # 3 Directions:
1. Group yourselves into 5.
2. Complete the Maid Idea
Tree: Members number 1, 2
and 3 will write their ideas
about the bible verse in the
roots. Member number 4
will summarize all of the 3
main ideas and member
number 5 will report their
output.
Time limit: 5 mins. & 30 secons

8. REPORTING Directions:
1. Group yourselves into 5.
2. Complete the Maid Idea
Tree: Members number 1, 2
and 3 will write their ideas
about the bible verse in the
roots. Member number 4
will summarize all of the 3
main ideas and member
number 5 will report their
output.
Time limit: 5 mins. & 30 secons

9. “My son, do not let wisdom
and understanding out of
your sight, preserve sound
judgment and discretion.” -
Proverbs 3:21

10. Warm Up Activity:
CRACK THE PASSWORD!
Directions:
1. Fill the blank columns
with words given by each
definitions and by the
scrambled letters.
2. Each corresponding
number is equivalent to a
single letter in the
password.
3. Your task is to break the
password and reveal our
interesting topic for today!
Time Limit: 10 minutes.

11. Warm Up Activity: ANSWER KEY

12. ANALYSIS OF THE
ACTIVITY
What was the
activty all
about?

13. LOGICAL
FALLACY AND
ITS TYPES
Here starts the
lesson!

14. At the end of the lesson, the
learners are expected to:
a. define logical fallacy
b. identify the different types of
logical fallacy; and
c. draw a comic strip that shows
a scenario that uses Logical
Fallacies

15. - An ERROR or
TRICK in
reasoning
- A false assumption,
a bad argument
What is Logical Fallacy?

16. Why study
Logical
Fallacies?

17. 6 Types of
Logical
Fallacies

18. Types of Logical Fallacies
Fallacy Description Example
False Dilemma Occurs when an arguer
presents his/her
argument as one of only
two options despite the
presence of multiple
possibilities.
Either you fully devote
yourself to company or
you quit.
Appeal to Ignorance Occurs when something
is instantly concluded to
be true just because it is
not proven to be false,
and vice versa.
The writer does not talk
about the connection
between the victim’s
killer and his siter, so
there must be none.

19. Types of Logical Fallacies
Appeal to Force Occurs when a
threat, instead of
reasoning is used to
argue.
If you do not admit
that evolution is not
real, we will isolate
you from the group.
Appeal to Pity Occurs when the
element if pity is used
instead of logical
reasoning.
Please do not fire me
for being absent all
month; I have a sick
mother and special
child to support.

20. Types of Logical Fallacies
Attacking the Person Occurs when someone
tries to refute an
argument by attacking
the character of a
person instead of
attacking the ideas of
the argument.
I cannot accept your
argument because,
unlike me, you were not
educated at Harvard
University.
Appeal to Authority Occurs when the
argument quotes an
expert who’s not
qualified in the particular
subject matter.
Bill Gates, the co-
founder of Microsoft,
recommends the
effective fabric softening
properties of Downy
fabric softener.

21. - An ERROR or
TRICK in
reasoning
- A false assumption,
a bad argument
REVIEW:
LOGICAL FALLACIES TYPES OF FALLACIES
FALSE DILEMMA
APPEAL TO IGNORANCE
APPEAL TO FORCE
APPEAL TO PITY
ATTACKING THE PERSON
APPEAL TO AUTHORITY

22. GROUP ACTIVITY: COMIC STRIPS
DIRECTIONS:
• In a ½ crosswise,
draw a comic strip
that shows a
scenario that uses
Logical Fallacies.
• identify what fallacy
is used in the comic
strip.
- Groupings: By pair
- Time Limit: 5 mins.
EXAMPLE
TYPE: APPEAL TO PITY

23. Directions: On a ¼
piece of paper, answer
the following questions.
Write the letter only of
the best answer.
SHORT QUIZ

24. 1. It is an error or trick in
reasoning.
A. False Dilemma
B. Logical Fallacy
C. Appeal to Force
D. Appeal to Pity

25. 2. What is the Logical Fallacy used in the
statement, “Bill Gates, the co-founder of
Microsoft, recommends the effective
fabric softening properties of Downy
fabric softener.”
A. Appeal to Pity
B. Appeal to Authority
C. Appeal to Ignorance
D. Attacking the Person

26. 3. What is the Logical Fallacy used
in the statement, “Please do not
fire me for being absent all month;
I have a sick mother and special
child to support.”
A. Appeal to Pity
B. Appeal to Authority
C. Appeal to Ignorance
D. Attacking the Person

27. 4. What is the Logical Fallacy
used in the statement, “There
is no proof that God does not
exist; therefore, God exists.”
A. Appeal to Pity
B. Appeal to Authority
C. Appeal to Ignorance
D. Attacking the Person

28. 5. What is the Logical Fallacy used
in the statement, “I cannot accept
your argument because, unlike
me, you were not educated at
Harvard University.”
A. Appeal to Pity
B. Appeal to Authority
C. Appeal to Ignorance
D. Attacking the Person

29. 6. What is the Logical Fallacy used
in the statement, “Either you fully
devote yourself to company or
you quit.”
A. Appeal to Authority
B. Appeal to Force
C. Appeal to Pity
D. False Dilemma

30. 7. What is the Logical Fallacy used
in the statement, “If you do not
admit that evolution is not real, we
will isolate you from the group.”
A. Appeal to Authority
B. Appeal to Force
C. Appeal to Pity
D. False Dilemma

31. 8. A type of logical fallacy that
occurs when a threat, instead of
reasoning is used to argue.
A. Appeal to Force
B. Attacking the Person
C. Appeal to Authority
D. False Dilemma

32. 9. This is a type of logical fallacy that
occurs when the argument quotes
an expert who’s not qualified in the
particular subject matter.
A. Appeal to Force
B. Appeal to Authority
C. Attacking the Person
D. Appeal to Ignorance

33. 10. Occurs when an arguer presents
his/her argument as one of only two
options despite the presence of
multiple possibilities.
A. Appeal to Ignorance
B. Appeal to Authority
C. False Dilemma
D. Post Hoc

34. ANSWER
KEY

35. 1. It is an error or trick in
reasoning.
A. False Dilemma
B. Logical Fallacy
C. Appeal to Force
D. Appeal to Pity

36. 2. What is the Logical Fallacy used in the
statement, “Bill Gates, the co-founder of
Microsoft, recommends the effective
fabric softening properties of Downy
fabric softener.”
A. Appeal to Pity
B. Appeal to Authority
C. Appeal to Ignorance
D. Attacking the Person

37. 3. What is the Logical Fallacy used
in the statement, “Please do not
fire me for being absent all month;
I have a sick mother and special
child to support.”
A. Appeal to Pity
B. Appeal to Authority
C. Appeal to Ignorance
D. Attacking the Person

38. 4. What is the Logical Fallacy
used in the statement, “There
is no proof that God does not
exist; therefore, God exists.”
A. Appeal to Pity
B. Appeal to Authority
C. Appeal to Ignorance
D. Attacking the Person

39. 5. What is the Logical Fallacy used
in the statement, “I cannot accept
your argument because, unlike
me, you were not educated at
Harvard University.”
A. Appeal to Pity
B. Appeal to Authority
C. Appeal to Ignorance
D. Attacking the Person

40. 6. What is the Logical Fallacy used
in the statement, “Either you fully
devote yourself to company or
you quit.”
A. Appeal to Authority
B. Appeal to Force
C. Appeal to Pity
D. False Dilemma

41. 7. What is the Logical Fallacy used
in the statement, “If you do not
admit that evolution is not real, we
will isolate you from the group.”
A. Appeal to Authority
B. Appeal to Force
C. Appeal to Pity
D. False Dilemma

42. 8. A type of logical fallacy that
occurs when a threat, instead of
reasoning is used to argue.
A. Appeal to Force
B. Attacking the Person
C. Appeal to Authority
D. False Dilemma

43. 9. This is a type of logical fallacy that
occurs when the argument quotes
an expert who’s not qualified in the
particular subject matter.
A. Appeal to Force
B. Appeal to Authority
C. Attacking the Person
D. Appeal to Ignorance

44. 10. Occurs when an arguer presents
his/her argument as one of only two
options despite the presence of
multiple possibilities.
A. Appeal to Ignorance
B. Appeal to Authority
C. False Dilemma
D. Post Hoc

45. Directions: Do an
advance study about
more Logical Fallacies.
This will be discussed
next meeting.
ASSIGNMENT

46. QUESTIONS?

47. Thank you!