Inference refers to deriving new knowledge from existing knowledge through logical reasoning. There are two types of inference: antecedent and consequent. Antecedent inference derives a conclusion from premises that come before it, like concluding a house is on fire from seeing smoke. Consequent inference derives a conclusion that follows necessarily from premises, like concluding all men are mortal. Inference can also be mediate, involving multiple premises, or immediate, involving only two propositions. Mediate inference establishes new truths through deduction and induction.