Locus standi, or standing to sue, refers to the ability of a person to bring a case to court. Traditionally, only a directly injured party had standing. However, through public interest litigation (PIL), the Indian judiciary has expanded standing to allow public-spirited citizens and organizations to file cases on behalf of the public interest or vulnerable groups. Notable cases that expanded locus standi include S.P. Gupta v. UOI and Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. UOI. PIL differs from traditional locus standi by allowing strangers to file cases against the state as representatives of the public interest. The expansion of standing through PIL has helped develop justice and remove ambiguities.

1. PUBLIC INTEREST
LITIGATION
PRINCIPLE OF
LOCUS STANDI

2. WHAT IS LOCUS STANDI??
• To bring suit in the court
• Standing to sue
• Person aggrieved shall
activate judicial
proceeding
• Rights and remedies co-
relative
• Policy to save time and
energy

3. PRINCIPLE??
• One directly injured shall
take recourse
• Show special injury in
case public injury
• Petition by total stranger
not entertained

4. JUDICIAL PRECEDENTS
• S.P. GUPTA VS. UOI
(1981) SCC 87
• CHAIRMAN RAILWAY
BOARD VS.
CHANDRIMMA DAS

5. EXPANSION OF LOCUS STANDI: PIL
• Filed by public spirited
citizens
• For the interest of public
• For benefit of weaker
section
• Filed against state
• Originated
& developed by judiciary

6. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
• ARTICLE: 32
Writ to supreme court
• ARTICLE: 226
Writ to high court

7. JUDICIAL PRECENDENTS
• S.P. GUPTA VS. UOI
• HUSSAINARA KHATOON
VS. HOME SEC. OF
STATE OF BIHAR
• BANDHUA MUKTI
MORCHA VS. UOI

8. PIL DIFFERENT FROM LOCUS STANDI
• CAN BE FILES BY
STRANGER
• IN THE INTEREST OF
PUBLIC
• ONLY AGAINST STATE

9. CONCLUSION
• Basis of a case
• Avoid hypothetical questions
• Developed PIL
• Base of justice
• Removes ambiguity