This document discusses the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India and the debate around implementing it while respecting religious rights. The UCC would establish a common set of secular civil laws governing marriage, divorce, inheritance, and property for all religious communities. While proponents argue it promotes gender justice and equality, opponents are concerned it could threaten religious customs and identities. The document analyzes court cases related to the UCC and reasons for its lack of implementation to date, concluding that India's secular identity requires a balance between personal laws and collective national values of justice and equality.

1. UNIFORM CIVIL
CODE
AND
RIGHT TO
RELIGION
BY:- Anamika Bishnoi
(B.A.LL.B. 3RD YEAR)

2. WHAT IS UCC?
 Overarching civil law in India
 Same set of secular civil laws
 Supersedes right to be governed by personal laws
 For all religion, caste and tribe
 Covers adoption, marriage, divorce, property
acquisition, & property administration
 Article 44: The Constitution Of India

3. NEED FOR UCC
 Patriarchal society
 Violence against women
 Personal law- justice denied
 Discrimination in matters of
marriage, divorce, inheritance etc.
 Gender justice

4. ANALYSIS OF UCC AS
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLE
SARA MUDGAL VS. UNION OF INDIA
 SC directed to take a fresh look at article 44
 Bigamy
 UCC different from religion
 Polygamy removal
 Countries worldwide follows UCC

5. NOOR KHATOON VS. MOHAMMAD QUASIM
JOHN VALLAMATTAN VS. UNION OF India

6. WHY NOT EFFECTED YET?
 Insecurity among minorities
 Communal riots
 Personal laws
 Customs & traditions
 Need

7. UCC & RIGHT TO RELIGION:
A DEBATE
 Country of diverse religions
 Presence of personal laws for every community
 Under constitution: state distanced from
religion
 “Secular” in preamble
 Controversy of article 25, 26 and 29

8.  Fundamental rights not absolute
 Communities contend religion not just about
faith and belief in god but also includes
ceremonies, rituals, customs etc.
 State justifies by stating it a source of
justice, equity, harmony, unity and integrity

9. CONCLUSION
 India: a secular country
 Personal law shouldn’t encroach upon
inviolable collective values of nation
 Secular code for criminal law
 Law be divorced from religion
 Disparities between religions will disappear