This document discusses the debate around whether a person's self-image, identity, and gender roles are determined by nature or nurture. It explores how socialization through families, schools, media, and peer groups can influence these factors, but that people may also have innate personalities. The document also examines how gender roles have evolved over time from more rigid stereotypes to being more balanced due to changing social norms. In conclusion, it finds that both nature and nurture likely work together to shape human behavior and development, though the debate continues on their relative influences.
Discussion about gender inequalities theories. Which helps the student to gather knowledge about those theorists also their theories in their academic and also in their practical life knowledge.
Gender Communication Stereotypes: A Depiction of the Mass Mediaiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Cross-Cultural Studies on Gender, Emotion and Personality. A Presentation summary based on the book from Matsumoto, D. & Juang, L. (2007). Culture and Psychology (4th Ed.). Wadsworth.
Discussion about gender inequalities theories. Which helps the student to gather knowledge about those theorists also their theories in their academic and also in their practical life knowledge.
Gender Communication Stereotypes: A Depiction of the Mass Mediaiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Cross-Cultural Studies on Gender, Emotion and Personality. A Presentation summary based on the book from Matsumoto, D. & Juang, L. (2007). Culture and Psychology (4th Ed.). Wadsworth.
Winnipeg Real Estate Market Update for November 2015Bo Kauffmann
Listing and sales stats for houses, condos in Winnipeg. Shows sales and expired listings in Winnipeg's real estate market for the month of November. 2015
Based on understanding the agile principles, Scrum framework is mapped to human psychology. We are designed to be more productive and more involved when Scrum is applied correctly. Through coaching and guidance, a team can reach that state. WHY? The answer is in the presentation
Ch. 44-1Why Is Socialization Important Around the GlobeLO 1.docxsleeperharwell
Ch. 4
4-1Why Is Socialization Important Around the Globe?
LO 1
Debate the extent to which people would become human beings without adequate socialization.
Socialization is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society (Figure 4.1). It is the essential link between the individual and society because it helps us become aware of ourselves as members of the larger groups and organizations of which we are a part. Socialization also helps us to learn how to communicate with other people and to have knowledge of how other people expect us to behave in a variety of social settings. Briefly stated, socialization enables us to develop our human potential and to learn the ways of thinking, talking, and acting that are necessary for social living.
Figure 4.1
The kind of person we become depends greatly on the people who surround us. How will this boy’s life be shaped by his close and warm relationship with his mother?
Christopher Futcher/ iStockphoto.com
When do you think socialization is most important? Socialization is the most crucial during childhood because it is essential for the individual’s survival and for human development. The many people who met the early material and social needs of each of us were central to our establishing our own identity. Can you identify some of the people in your own life who were the most influential in your earliest years of social development? During the first three years of our life, we begin to develop both a unique identity and the ability to manipulate things and to walk. We acquire sophisticated cognitive tools for thinking and for analyzing a wide variety of situations, and we learn effective communication skills. In the process we begin a socialization process that takes place throughout our lives and through which we also have an effect on other people who watch us.
What does socialization do for us beyond the individual level? Socialization is essential for the survival and stability of society. Members of a society must be socialized to support and maintain the existing social structure. From a functionalist perspective, individual conformity to existing norms is not taken for granted; rather, basic individual needs and desires must be balanced against the needs of the social structure. The socialization process is most effective when people conform to the norms of society because they believe that doing so is the best course of action. Socialization enables a society to “reproduce” itself by passing on its culture from one generation to the next.
How does socialization differ across cultures and ways of life? Although the techniques used to teach newcomers the beliefs, values, and rules of behavior are somewhat similar in many nations, the content of socialization differs greatly from society to society. How people walk, talk, eat, make love, and wage war are all functions of the cul.
CHAPTER 1 Introducing the Dimensions of Human SexualityFEATURES.docxcravennichole326
CHAPTER 1 Introducing the Dimensions of Human Sexuality
FEATURES
· Gender Dimensions The Multifaceted of Dimension of Gender
· Ethical Dimensions Should Human Embryos Be Used for Stem Cell Research?
· Global Dimensions The Islamic Influence
· Communication Dimensions The CERTS Model
· Multicultural Dimensions Pregnancy and Health
· Communication Dimensions Talking About Your Human Sexuality Class
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
· 1 Identify and discuss the dimensions of human sexuality, including biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
· 2 Discuss the historical aspects of human sexuality, including the sexual revolution, the role of gender, and the role of culture.
· 3 Apply critical thinking methods to human sexuality.
· 4 Outline the reasons to study human sexuality, including the steps of the decision-making process.
go.jblearning.com/dimensions5e
Global Dimensions: Male Genital Mutilation and Circumcision Practices
Prostate Cancer
Care from Organizations and Available Publications
INTRODUCTION
Let us begin our exploration of the many dimensions of human sexuality by examining how they affect the life of one person: Lisa, an 18-year-old college freshman, involved in her first serious—and sexual—relationship. After several months of dating, Lisa experiences the scare of her life: Her period is late. After a few days she purchases a home-pregnancy kit. As she waits until the morning to take the test, she begins to think about the role of sexuality in her life.
Like most people who grow up in the United States today, Lisa received basic sexuality education in public school. But that brief overview—which Lisa and her friends giggled through—touched only on the physical aspects of reproduction. Nothing prepared her for the emotions she felt during her current relationship, or how her social and cultural upbringing would affect her sexual behavior.
Lisa is a Korean American, a member of a family who respect heritage and tradition. Her parents, a university professor and a homemaker, were born in Korea and had an arranged marriage. The traditional Korean view of sexuality is conservative, and virginity is highly prized for marriage. Although Lisa holds on to many traditional views, she also struggles with the permissive attitude toward sexuality that prevails in the U.S. culture today—an attitude that her boyfriend shares (Brennan, 1999).
An unexpected pregnancy for Lisa would be a major tragedy in her family. Pregnancy outside marriage would shame not only the individual (and make her an “unperson”) but also the entire family. Her family could choose to exile her.
Korean Americans tend not to tolerate secrecy by children and exert strict parental control. The Korean culture discourages open discussion of feelings and seeking out of psychological counseling. Thus Lisa is in a crisis because she feels she cannot tell her parents, but she also cannot tell anyone else (who may in turn tell her parents). In fact, Lisa has yet to tell her boy ...
Gender roles socialization theory is believed to be based on Social learning theory, Gender socialization is the process by which people learn to behave in a certain way, as dictated by societal beliefs, values, attitudes and examples.The concept of boy code and masculine mystique , Influence of family,“normative male alexithymia”, display of aggression, Gender in advertisement, Women were more likely to be sexualized than men.
Chapter 4SocializationThis Chapter Will Help YouDefinWilheminaRossi174
Chapter 4
Socialization
This Chapter Will Help You:
Define and understand the role of socialization
Understand and critique the nature/nurture debate in relation to sociology
Outline the agents of socialization
Compare and contrast primary and secondary socialization
Define resocialization
Summarize the theoretical approaches to socialization
Defining Socialization
Socialization involves social learning through social interaction
It helps an individual become a capable member of their society
It is influenced by our social class, ethnicity, gender, etc.
The Influence of Nature
Biological Determinism
The argument that our behaviour is determined by our genetic makeup
Seeks evidence of the biological roots of behaviour
Argues that behaviour evolves over time to secure the survival of the species
The Influence of Nurture
We are products of our environment
Our behaviour is the product of social interactions and learning
The social environment is crucial to an individual’s socialization
Isolation in Non-Human Primates
Harlow researched the effects of maternal separation and social isolation in rhesus monkeys
Lack of social interaction had significant consequences such as fear or hostility
Isolation in Humans – Feral Children
Children who are assumed to have been raised by animals
The Case of Victor
A boy was discovered in a forest in 18th century France
He was 11 years old and it was assumed that he had lived alone in the forest for 5 or 6 years
A doctor who attempted to socialize him was partially successful
He was never able to speak
Isolation in Humans – The Case of Anna
Anna was discovered in 1932 at the age of 6
She had been locked in a storage room her entire life
She had no social skills and could not speak
She began to show improvement after her discovery but died at the age of 10
Isolation in Humans – The Case of Genie
Genie was discovered at the age of 13 in 1972
She had been locked in a room and tied down from the age of 20 months
She was studied and taught by experts at a children’s hospital
She acquired some skills but could not fully recover from the isolation and neglect
The Turpins – Isolation and Child Abuse
The Turpins kept their 13 children locked in dark rooms or chained to their beds
The children were severely malnourished and dirty
Yet this is the image the parents put out on social media
Primary Socialization
The learning that occurs in an individual's earliest years
It sets the tone for future development
It usually occurs in family settings
Children learn language, norms, values, beliefs, and social skills
Secondary Socialization
This is the socialization that occurs past childhood and throughout adulthood
It is more limited than primary socialization
It has less effect on our self-image
Individuals learn specific roles, norms, attitudes, and beliefs for different adult situations
Functionalist Approach
Social integration:
Socialization teaches people how to integrate in ...
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1. An introduction to Sociology as an academic subject LO4
By Kirsty Louise Champion Page 1
“The concept of our self image,our sense of identity and gender roles, as
well as the way webehave and think,are all determined by our
environment,rather than any innate factor”.
The abovestatement could be convincing, but on the other hand our self-
image and identity are not all determined by our environment, it playsa
part in our Primary and secondary stages in society. Throughout this essay
I will debate for and against this statement to determinewhether or not the
statement is convincing.
Socialisation is part of our journey in society. Webegin with our families or
social communitiesthat give usour basic needs, (Primary socialisation).
Weare nurtured and taught how to behave, eventually becoming your own
person, havingan identity, (Secondary Socialisation). American
Psychological association (nd)definessocialisation as,
‘A continuing processwhereby anindividual acquiresa personal
identity and learnsthe norms, values, behaviour, and social skills
appropriate to hisor her social position’.
It can depend on where weare born and brought up that can determine
how webehave and socialise. For example; this definition doessupport
that our environmentisusually where our identities and behavioursare
formed. Buton the other hand, Manford .K. (1911-63)pp2-3 studied ‘the
self’ which showed how we already determinewho we are as a person,
even if we do not know this yet. This research produced evidencethat
humansform biological personalities or genetically socialise peopleand
groups.
You could argue that socialisation is our theoretical ‘mother’. Weare born
with a voice box to speak, a body to gesture with and a brain to analyse
with. Butwithout socialisation we would notbe able to learn to interact
with each other, and usethese biological elements to become socialised.
Socialisation nurturesusinto who we will become, acting as our ‘mother’.
Take feral children for example, isolated from society, are unableto
communicateproperly and havelittle or no understandingof how other
human beings act. Therefore they are labelled ‘retarded’or ‘incapable’.
2. An introduction to Sociology as an academic subject LO4
By Kirsty Louise Champion Page 2
Hehrer.H.(2009). Thissuggests that without socialisation or being
nurtured, weareunableto naturally fit into society.
Consideringthe followingfactors that may influenceour self-image, our
identity and the gender roles we play, can depend on many aspectsof
socialising. Somemay include; Family, religion, media, work and education.
Usually our primary source of socialising is family and school, where we
make basic connectionswith people. With these factors, parents, guardians
and teachers are usually the first step in providingdisciplineand how to
socialise. They can teach usto hold certain valuesand encourage good
behaviour that wewill use in society. Welearn culturalnormsand start to
develop a personality. Aswe turn to adolescence we can be influenced by
differentagencies includingmedia, work and peer groups, these are
secondary sourcesof socialisation. Aloysius .S.(2011).
In these agencies we find our self-image and can identify our individuality.
Wemake our own choices and decide right from wrong, throughoutside
influences, suchas the media, workplaceand peer groups. They can
develop how we think and behave. From my experienceas a youngchild,
my mother would dressmein pretty pink dresses, encourageme to dance
and sing, which could be why I am quite a typicalgirly girl. Butmy mother
also encouraged my sister to play football, which would indicatea break in
stereotypical gender roles. She wasalso dressed in pink dresses, but later
on when she was at her adolescence stage she wore jogging bottoms and
never puther hair up or did typical girl activities. Allthis suggests our
environmentcan influenceour self-image and the peer groupsthat we
socialise with can impact our stereotypical male and female roles. These
are all nurturingaspects that come from our environmentthatsurrounds
us. This would suggest weare not naturally born with a self-image and
identity and can be determined by our environment.
From birth we are biologically determined by our body parts; we are either
male or female. Gender rolescan be determined by how we act in those
pre-determined roles. Donnell.M.(1997)p186,noted that;
‘...womenare considered biologically programmed for childrearing and
related domesticwork, whereasmenare regarded as‘naturally’
breadwinners’.
3. An introduction to Sociology as an academic subject LO4
By Kirsty Louise Champion Page 3
This suggests women are morenaturally capable of lookingafter children,
as they are the more ‘gentle’ and ‘caring’ gender. Which could be why in
most households, the female would stay at homelooking after the children,
whilst males go to work and providefor them. Butyou could arguethat
some research shows it doesnot have to be the femalethat can look after
children, as Donnell.M.(1997)p186 suggested;
‘JohnBowlby analysed that ‘ a mother substitute’ could meet a child’s
need for love and affection’.
Which clearly states a male is perfectly capable of looking after a child,
regardless of ‘biological programming’. From extensivereadingI found
that, gender roles are based moreso on stereotypes, compared to the early
centuries because wenow have equality in our roles. Socialisation has
brought us to a more balanced partnership with regardsto stereotypical
behaviour. On the other hand, we have sexuality that can determineif we
are attracted to a particular sex, through socialisation, werealise our
sexuality. Butcan change dueto bad experiences with ex partners, or it
may be that a homosexualmale is attracted to another male, but dueto
socialisation and stereotypical viewsthey purposely havefemale partners
to hide this sexuality from society. There is no evidenceto suggest that we
are biologically attracted to a certain sex from birth. It is usually founded
when we reach our adolescence stage. We can choose to act on our
emotions and are notbiologically attracted to a certain sex. It is gender
roles that decipher how we act in society. Clarke.R.(2004)explainsthat;
‘one is not always consciously aware that onehas imbibed and manifested
such attitudes’.
This shows that, gender roles may be interpreted because of the typeof
gender we are, which will lead usto play our stereotypical roles. For
example, a woman cooks the dinner and the man fixes a shelf. Brewer .H.
(2014).
Studies show that our environmentsplay amajor part in how we behave
and characterise ourselves. Wedo not have a genetic connection to
socialisation. Weall learn how to behave and have emotionalreactions
within society, with religion and mediathat could influencewhy we think a
certain way. Studies such as; The little Albert experimentby JohnWatson
and Happy Families: A TwinStudy of Humour by Twin Research and Genetic
Epidemiology unit at St. Thomas'Hospital, suggeststhat weall start off
genetically the same, but are moulded and divided into groups, within
4. An introduction to Sociology as an academic subject LO4
By Kirsty Louise Champion Page 4
societies. Powell.K.(2013). Theexperimentsshow that no matter how
genetically the same we are (nature), we can all be changed by our
environmentswithhow we feel about certain things, (nurture).
In conclusion to this natureversusnurturedebate, sociologists are still
debating and experimentingto this day about which aspect determines
why we are socialised in such vast ways, Powell. K. (2013). Thepoint is,
whether we are naturally equipped to behave in society or if weare
nurtured and adapted becauseof our environments, there is no right or
wronganswer. The statement is both convincingand unconvincing,
because natureor nurturecannotbe defined to the reason why we think
and behave the way we do. Butthe two do work well in partnership. We
would notexist as we do today if we didn’thave the environmentthat
nurtureour societies and certainly not without the genetics that form us.
5. An introduction to Sociology as an academic subject LO4
By Kirsty Louise Champion Page 5
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