Literature Review on the Impact of Social Media in Reducing Domestic Violence
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Introduction
Domestic violence can be defined as the physical violence that occurs in an intimate relationship within domestic settings (Choudhry & Herring, 2017). It happens when one of the partners tends to dominate over the other via a series of controlling violence and behaviour. However, domestic violence is not limited to the physical form of violence because it can also take other forms such as spiritual, psychological, economic and sexual abuse. According to a recent study conducted by the Australian Bureau of statistics, one out of three women in Australia have had an experience of physical violence at one point in life, about one out of five women have had a sexual abuse experience and one out of five women have had violence experience with their previous or current partner. Such prevalence of domestic violence is quite high despite most Australians acknowledging that domestic violence is a crime.
Domestic violence is has become one of the major social problems in Australia and the world at large leading to poor health, social and economic outcomes for witnesses and victims of such violence. Such form of violence has a significant impact in terms of cost to the nation both directly in indirectly. With the advancement of technology and the ever-increasing rate of use of social media, the government and other agencies can utilize web based platforms to campaign against domestic violence and even increase awareness of the public concerning this evil act. Social media tools have gained popularity among the current generation and establishing campaigns through such platforms to educate the population concerning the issue of domestic violence can reach more audience in Australia and the entire world at large (Subramani, Michalska, Wang, Du, Zhang, & Shakeel, 2019). By reaching more audience, it would mean that the population is more aware about the issue and also its side effects which can in turn help in reducing the cases of domestic violence. The literature review is aimed at addressing the research question “what kind of role does social media campaign play in reducing domestic violence in Australia?” by undertaking a critical analysis of campaigns targeting domestic violence perpetrators and utilization of social media as a behavioural change tool.
Key Words and Databases: Social media campaigns, domestic violence, violence prevention, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Violence against women (VAW), google scholar, IEEE online library
Domestic Violence Campaigns Review Targeting Perpetrators
The circles of violence prevention have grown that should play a significant role in combatting domestic violence (Manikam, 2018). There are a number of reasons why it is important to consider men in order to bring to an end domestic violence especially against women such as men have knowledge concerning masculinity, mal.
Abstract.docxAbstractWith scientific knowledge of youth deve.docxaryan532920
Abstract.docx
Abstract
With scientific knowledge of youth development programs that have grown dramatically over the last couple of decades, theoretical frameworks for translating research into more supportive environments for youth have lagged. Most articles proposes a risk/protective theoretical perspective grounded in ecological and developmental only in theories, but the principles taken from the theory are documented with little success. Most young adults involved in crime because of the environment where they have grown makes them more attracted to criminal activities from a young age. If the policy and procedures along with follow up was adhere to, there could be a higher success rate of these programs to deter adolescents from crime and promote positive youth development and prevent problem behaviors. Community crime prevention programs or strategies target changes in community infrastructure, culture, or the physical environment in order to reduce crime. The diversity of approaches include neighborhood watch, community policing, urban or physical design, and comprehensive or multi-disciplinary efforts. These strategies may seek to engage residents, community and faith-based organizations, and local government agencies in addressing the factors that contribute to the community’s crime, delinquency, and disorder.
REFERENCES
Bogenschneider, K. (1996). An Ecological Risk/Protective Theory for Building Prevention Programs, Policies, and Community Capacity to Support Youth. Family Relations,45(2), 127-138. doi:10.2307/585283
Chp 1 Intro.docx
Chapter 1: Introduction
With homicide as the second leading cause of death for young people between the ages of 10 and 24 (Centers for Disease Control, Prevention [CDC], 2009a). In 2009, 650,843 assault-related non-fatal injuries in youth age 10 to 24 were treated at emergency departments across the United States. The term youth violence is used to encompass many forms of violence among young people, including more serious forms (e.g., homicide) and behaviors that are less serious in nature (e.g., fighting). Youth violence is thus defined as “the intentional use of force–whether threatened or real–against a person, group, or community that results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm or deprivation by persons between the ages of 10 and 24 ( Dahlberg & Krug, 2002).
Many individuals, family members, peers, and community factors have been found to increase the likelihood of an individual's violent offending. Such risk factors have been empirically identified through multiple studies and predict violent behavior longitudinally (Hawkins et al., 2000; Murray & Farrington, 2010). A relatively new area of research in youth violence prevention involves examining protective factors (i.e., variables that have a moderating effect on risk factors) related to violence perpetration. This research can also inform prevention efforts, in tha.
Abstract.docxAbstractWith scientific knowledge of youth deve.docxaryan532920
Abstract.docx
Abstract
With scientific knowledge of youth development programs that have grown dramatically over the last couple of decades, theoretical frameworks for translating research into more supportive environments for youth have lagged. Most articles proposes a risk/protective theoretical perspective grounded in ecological and developmental only in theories, but the principles taken from the theory are documented with little success. Most young adults involved in crime because of the environment where they have grown makes them more attracted to criminal activities from a young age. If the policy and procedures along with follow up was adhere to, there could be a higher success rate of these programs to deter adolescents from crime and promote positive youth development and prevent problem behaviors. Community crime prevention programs or strategies target changes in community infrastructure, culture, or the physical environment in order to reduce crime. The diversity of approaches include neighborhood watch, community policing, urban or physical design, and comprehensive or multi-disciplinary efforts. These strategies may seek to engage residents, community and faith-based organizations, and local government agencies in addressing the factors that contribute to the community’s crime, delinquency, and disorder.
REFERENCES
Bogenschneider, K. (1996). An Ecological Risk/Protective Theory for Building Prevention Programs, Policies, and Community Capacity to Support Youth. Family Relations,45(2), 127-138. doi:10.2307/585283
Chp 1 Intro.docx
Chapter 1: Introduction
With homicide as the second leading cause of death for young people between the ages of 10 and 24 (Centers for Disease Control, Prevention [CDC], 2009a). In 2009, 650,843 assault-related non-fatal injuries in youth age 10 to 24 were treated at emergency departments across the United States. The term youth violence is used to encompass many forms of violence among young people, including more serious forms (e.g., homicide) and behaviors that are less serious in nature (e.g., fighting). Youth violence is thus defined as “the intentional use of force–whether threatened or real–against a person, group, or community that results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm or deprivation by persons between the ages of 10 and 24 ( Dahlberg & Krug, 2002).
Many individuals, family members, peers, and community factors have been found to increase the likelihood of an individual's violent offending. Such risk factors have been empirically identified through multiple studies and predict violent behavior longitudinally (Hawkins et al., 2000; Murray & Farrington, 2010). A relatively new area of research in youth violence prevention involves examining protective factors (i.e., variables that have a moderating effect on risk factors) related to violence perpetration. This research can also inform prevention efforts, in tha.
Gender-based violence is regarded as one of the forms of human rights violation. It is indeed a global phenomenon surpassing all kinds of national, economic, religious, geographic and cultural borders. Woman abuse is usually performed in her direct social environment thereby affecting the physical as well as her mental health. Violence has disastrous consequences on social welfare, children, families and community. Gender violence restricts the woman’s right to be involved in social life.
There are a total of sixteen organizations in Mississippi that oronnag9bkla
There are a total of sixteen organizations in Mississippi that offer domestic violence services. In each of the cities, there is at least one domestic violence and abuse shelter and program, hotline and emergency shelter. Beyond the cities, there are more domestic violence and abuse shelters and programs. One organization in Mississippi is the Mississippi Coalition Against Domestic Violence (MCADV) where victims of domestic abuse can get help. MCADV offers training sessions, resource materials as well as special events to various sectors of the community such as the law enforcement, civic groups, service providers and professional groups (Mississippi Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2019).
Besides this, the organization provides legal services to the victims of domestic violence and other interpersonal forms of abuse associated with shelter programs. These include family law issues and non-tort legal services that are in a civil context. Besides this, MCADV engages in public awareness by conducting continuous statewide campaigns on the media targeting specific audiences such as action-oriented communication to the general public and victims. The organization helps victims with referrals to the local domestic shelters (Mississippi Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2019). Another organization is Care Lodge Domestic Violence Shelter Inc. that offers various comprehensive services and programs to the victims of domestic abuse in East Mississippi. Some of these services include case management where help aimed at meeting individual needs is offered. They offer victims advocacy for law enforcement social and legal services. The organization provides education as well as they provide public awareness and education to the communities.
Lastly, there is the Domestic Abuse Family Shelter that provides safe housing for children and women who are victims of domestic abuse. Shelter services comprise of transportation, counseling, childcare, after case management and referral. There are also education and prevention programs delivered to schools, agencies, communities and domestic intervention classes for the abusers. Generally, in each of the sixteen cities, there are domestic violence programs. They each offer emergency services such as emergency shelter and local transportation, food and clothing, danger and lethality assessment, confidential shelter location, domestic violence education and case management (Domestic Abuse Family Shelter, 2019).
Practice Skills
At the mezzo level, the domestic violence social worker is expected to work with organizations and groups such as neighborhoods, schools, hospitals, businesses, law enforcement and small-scale communities. On the other hand, at the macro level, the social worker works towards bringing about large scale systematic change by crafting laws, petitioning the government for community funds, molding social policy and organizing activist groups (Cournoyer, 2016). To accomplish this at both the ...
Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide and Georgetown University’s Center for Social Impact Communication developed this study with the objectives of showcasing trends in cause involvement and evaluating the role of a variety of activities in fostering engagement. An online survey was conducted by TNS Global among a nationally representative sample of 2,000 Americans ages 18 and over. The survey was fielded November 30 to December 22, 2010, and has a margin of error of +/-2.2% at the 95% confidence level.
On 19 October 2021, over 500 researchers, practitioners, policymakers and activists from around the world gathered to take stock of what we know about the intersections between
violence against children and violence against women, identify existing knowledge gaps and discuss opportunities to increase coordination across efforts to prevent and respond to both
forms of violence.
This summary presents key takeaways from the event organized by UNICEF Innocenti, in collaboration with the Global Partnership to End Violence, the World Health Organization,
the Sexual Violence Research Initiative and the UK FCDO.
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docxhelzerpatrina
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to
Facebook Appeals: Emotional Cause Identification and Distinct
Self-Determined Regulations
Kaspar Schattke
Université du Québec à Montréal
Ronald Ferguson and Michèle Paulin
Concordia University
Nonprofit organizations are increasingly dependent on the involvement of Millennial
constituencies. Three studies investigated their motivations to support charity-linked
events: emotional identification with a cause, self-determination theory (SDT) regula-
tions, and context-related Facebook promotions. This article addresses the recent call to
expand SDT research from a simple analysis of autonomous versus controlled moti-
vation, to studying the effects of all the regulations in the SDT continuum, in particular,
the inclusion of the tripartite dimensions of intrinsic motivation and integrated moti-
vation. Results demonstrated that the greater the emotional identification with the
cause, the stronger was the tendency to support the charity-linked event. Also, the
results in these social media contexts revealed that specific intrinsic dimensions (e.g.,
experience stimulation) are motivators of online and offline support, as is the personal
value nature of integrated regulation. Whereas only autonomous motivational regula-
tions predicted support for the two events organized specifically a for charitable causes,
both autonomous and controlled regulations predicted support of a for-profit event
organized with a charitable cause as an adjunct. These findings can assist practitioners
in designing more effective social media communications in support of charity-linked
events.
Keywords: social media, self-determination theory, integrated regulation, tripartite
model of intrinsic motivation, charitable causes
Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000085.supp
Social media is a new domain offering excit-
ing opportunities to investigate research ques-
tions in social psychology (Greitemeyer, 2011;
Kende, Ujhelyi, Joinson, & Greitemeyer, 2015).
Our research examined motivation to support
charity-linked events of nonprofit organizations
that are currently faced with increased compe-
tition for resources and declining government
support (Paulin, Ferguson, Jost, & Fallu, 2014;
Reed, Aquino, & Levy, 2007; White & Peloza,
2009). Presently, they depend on an ageing set
of traditional supporters (Urbain, Gonzalez, &
Le Gall-Ely, 2013). However, their future suc-
cess lies in ensuring the sustainable involve-
ment of the Millennial generation (Fine, 2009),
distinguished from other generations by their
intense exposure at an early age to interactive
technology and social media (Bolton et al.,
2013).
Facebook, the most detailed social media, is
used primarily to maintain or solidify existing
offline relationships allowing people to develop
a public or semipublic profile and to emotion-
ally participate with those whom they can share
This article was published Online First December .
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docxadelaidefarmer322
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to
Facebook Appeals: Emotional Cause Identification and Distinct
Self-Determined Regulations
Kaspar Schattke
Université du Québec à Montréal
Ronald Ferguson and Michèle Paulin
Concordia University
Nonprofit organizations are increasingly dependent on the involvement of Millennial
constituencies. Three studies investigated their motivations to support charity-linked
events: emotional identification with a cause, self-determination theory (SDT) regula-
tions, and context-related Facebook promotions. This article addresses the recent call to
expand SDT research from a simple analysis of autonomous versus controlled moti-
vation, to studying the effects of all the regulations in the SDT continuum, in particular,
the inclusion of the tripartite dimensions of intrinsic motivation and integrated moti-
vation. Results demonstrated that the greater the emotional identification with the
cause, the stronger was the tendency to support the charity-linked event. Also, the
results in these social media contexts revealed that specific intrinsic dimensions (e.g.,
experience stimulation) are motivators of online and offline support, as is the personal
value nature of integrated regulation. Whereas only autonomous motivational regula-
tions predicted support for the two events organized specifically a for charitable causes,
both autonomous and controlled regulations predicted support of a for-profit event
organized with a charitable cause as an adjunct. These findings can assist practitioners
in designing more effective social media communications in support of charity-linked
events.
Keywords: social media, self-determination theory, integrated regulation, tripartite
model of intrinsic motivation, charitable causes
Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000085.supp
Social media is a new domain offering excit-
ing opportunities to investigate research ques-
tions in social psychology (Greitemeyer, 2011;
Kende, Ujhelyi, Joinson, & Greitemeyer, 2015).
Our research examined motivation to support
charity-linked events of nonprofit organizations
that are currently faced with increased compe-
tition for resources and declining government
support (Paulin, Ferguson, Jost, & Fallu, 2014;
Reed, Aquino, & Levy, 2007; White & Peloza,
2009). Presently, they depend on an ageing set
of traditional supporters (Urbain, Gonzalez, &
Le Gall-Ely, 2013). However, their future suc-
cess lies in ensuring the sustainable involve-
ment of the Millennial generation (Fine, 2009),
distinguished from other generations by their
intense exposure at an early age to interactive
technology and social media (Bolton et al.,
2013).
Facebook, the most detailed social media, is
used primarily to maintain or solidify existing
offline relationships allowing people to develop
a public or semipublic profile and to emotion-
ally participate with those whom they can share
This article was published Online First December .
Major Benefits and Drivers of IoT.Background According to T.docxjesssueann
Major Benefits and Drivers of IoT.
Background: According to Turban (2015),The major objective of IoT systems is to improve productivity, quality, speed, and the quality of life. There are potentially several major benefits from IoT, especially when combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Reference: Sharda, R., Delen, Dursun, and Turban, E. (2020). Analytics, Data Science, & Artificial Intelligence: Systems for Decision Support. 11th Edition. By PEARSON Education. Inc.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-519201-6
Assignment/Research: Go to pages 694 to 695 of your recommended textbook and familiarize yourself with the contents therein. Go ahead and make a list of the major benefits and drivers of IoT, thereafter pick two from each list and discuss them briefly.
Your research paper should be at least three pages (800 words), double-spaced, have at least 4 APA references, and typed in an easy-to-read font in MS Word
.
Major Assessment 2 The Educated Person” For educators to be ef.docxjesssueann
Major Assessment 2: The “Educated Person” For educators to be effective in supporting diverse learners, they need to develop, possess, and continually refine their vision of the “educated person.” In other words, they need to have a vision of their goals and outcomes for educating students. Prepare a statement of your image of and beliefs and values about the educated person. Explain your beliefs about the role of the teacher in valuing and encouraging others to value the image of an educated person. Be certain to address the roles of cultural diversity in achieving a viable vision of the educated person. Begin by reading the key documents discussed in the chapters in this section. Reference at least five additional current professional references to illustrate your position. Organize your presentation by sections and use American Psychological Association (APA) style for citing references in the body of the text and for developing your reference list. Include the following sections in your paper:
1. Introduction
2. Vision of learning and the educated person (critical knowledge, skills, dispositions)
3. Role of the teacher in providing an effective instructional program and applying best practices to student learning
4. Critical issues in promoting the success of all students and responding to diverse community needs
5. Capacity to translate the image of the educated person into educational aims and organizational goals and processes
6. Conclusion
7. References
.
Major Assessment 4 Cultural Bias Investigation Most educators agree.docxjesssueann
Major Assessment 4: Cultural Bias Investigation Most educators agree that major influences on the achievement of students are the activities and support materials; environment; and types of expectations, interactions, and behaviors to which they are exposed. Therefore, an understanding of bias and skill in discerning subtle and/or overt bias in curriculum, instruction, and assessment are extremely important. Conduct a cultural bias investigation to examine a particular textbook with which you are familiar. Your investigation will focus on identifying instructional and assessment practices that reflect cultural bias and inhibit learning. The investigation will include reflection on the impact of these practices on student learning. Procedure 1. Make sure you are familiar with the key authors and experts described in the chapters in this section. Review at least five research-based sources that clarify the research to expand your understanding of the influence of culture on teaching and learning and the presence of bias in curriculum, instruction, and assessment. 2. Select and analyze a textbook with which you are familiar. Use the Sadkers’ (Sadker & Zittleman, 2012) list of the seven prevalent forms of bias in the curriculum to conduct a critical analysis of the textbook. Look at such aspects as pictures, names of people, the relative marginalization or integration of groups of people throughout the text, examples used, and so on. Summarize and present your data in displays (charts, tables, etc.). 3. Include in a written report the following: Introduction (text selected; rationale for selection; description of the text and context in which it is used) Review of the research on the influence of culture in teaching and learning and bias in the curriculum Summary of your findings (data tables and appropriate narratives) Discussion of the findings, including: { resonance with the research on bias { your understanding of bias and the challenges it poses to teaching and learning { the implications of your findings for teaching and learning Relate your discussion of the findings to class discussions and readings of the philosophy of education and purposes of curriculum. Be sure to adhere to APA guidelines in writing the final paper. Use the following tables to display your data: SECTION IV ASSESSMENT SKILLS Table 2: Analysis of Four Chapters for Frequency of Mention of Each Search Category Whites/Caucasians (male/female) African Americans (male/female) Hispanics/Latinos/Latinas (male/female) Native Americans (male/female) Asian Americans (male/female) Disability and deaf culture Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered persons (male/female) Religious groups Language groups Other Example Table 2 Format: Textbook Chapter Analysis Search category 1 # mentions/ # pages 2 # mentions/ # pages 3 # mentions/ # pages 4 # mentions/ # pages Total # mentions/ # pages White males White females African Americans Hispanics/Latinos/Latinas Table 3.
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Gender-based violence is regarded as one of the forms of human rights violation. It is indeed a global phenomenon surpassing all kinds of national, economic, religious, geographic and cultural borders. Woman abuse is usually performed in her direct social environment thereby affecting the physical as well as her mental health. Violence has disastrous consequences on social welfare, children, families and community. Gender violence restricts the woman’s right to be involved in social life.
There are a total of sixteen organizations in Mississippi that oronnag9bkla
There are a total of sixteen organizations in Mississippi that offer domestic violence services. In each of the cities, there is at least one domestic violence and abuse shelter and program, hotline and emergency shelter. Beyond the cities, there are more domestic violence and abuse shelters and programs. One organization in Mississippi is the Mississippi Coalition Against Domestic Violence (MCADV) where victims of domestic abuse can get help. MCADV offers training sessions, resource materials as well as special events to various sectors of the community such as the law enforcement, civic groups, service providers and professional groups (Mississippi Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2019).
Besides this, the organization provides legal services to the victims of domestic violence and other interpersonal forms of abuse associated with shelter programs. These include family law issues and non-tort legal services that are in a civil context. Besides this, MCADV engages in public awareness by conducting continuous statewide campaigns on the media targeting specific audiences such as action-oriented communication to the general public and victims. The organization helps victims with referrals to the local domestic shelters (Mississippi Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2019). Another organization is Care Lodge Domestic Violence Shelter Inc. that offers various comprehensive services and programs to the victims of domestic abuse in East Mississippi. Some of these services include case management where help aimed at meeting individual needs is offered. They offer victims advocacy for law enforcement social and legal services. The organization provides education as well as they provide public awareness and education to the communities.
Lastly, there is the Domestic Abuse Family Shelter that provides safe housing for children and women who are victims of domestic abuse. Shelter services comprise of transportation, counseling, childcare, after case management and referral. There are also education and prevention programs delivered to schools, agencies, communities and domestic intervention classes for the abusers. Generally, in each of the sixteen cities, there are domestic violence programs. They each offer emergency services such as emergency shelter and local transportation, food and clothing, danger and lethality assessment, confidential shelter location, domestic violence education and case management (Domestic Abuse Family Shelter, 2019).
Practice Skills
At the mezzo level, the domestic violence social worker is expected to work with organizations and groups such as neighborhoods, schools, hospitals, businesses, law enforcement and small-scale communities. On the other hand, at the macro level, the social worker works towards bringing about large scale systematic change by crafting laws, petitioning the government for community funds, molding social policy and organizing activist groups (Cournoyer, 2016). To accomplish this at both the ...
Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide and Georgetown University’s Center for Social Impact Communication developed this study with the objectives of showcasing trends in cause involvement and evaluating the role of a variety of activities in fostering engagement. An online survey was conducted by TNS Global among a nationally representative sample of 2,000 Americans ages 18 and over. The survey was fielded November 30 to December 22, 2010, and has a margin of error of +/-2.2% at the 95% confidence level.
On 19 October 2021, over 500 researchers, practitioners, policymakers and activists from around the world gathered to take stock of what we know about the intersections between
violence against children and violence against women, identify existing knowledge gaps and discuss opportunities to increase coordination across efforts to prevent and respond to both
forms of violence.
This summary presents key takeaways from the event organized by UNICEF Innocenti, in collaboration with the Global Partnership to End Violence, the World Health Organization,
the Sexual Violence Research Initiative and the UK FCDO.
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docxhelzerpatrina
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to
Facebook Appeals: Emotional Cause Identification and Distinct
Self-Determined Regulations
Kaspar Schattke
Université du Québec à Montréal
Ronald Ferguson and Michèle Paulin
Concordia University
Nonprofit organizations are increasingly dependent on the involvement of Millennial
constituencies. Three studies investigated their motivations to support charity-linked
events: emotional identification with a cause, self-determination theory (SDT) regula-
tions, and context-related Facebook promotions. This article addresses the recent call to
expand SDT research from a simple analysis of autonomous versus controlled moti-
vation, to studying the effects of all the regulations in the SDT continuum, in particular,
the inclusion of the tripartite dimensions of intrinsic motivation and integrated moti-
vation. Results demonstrated that the greater the emotional identification with the
cause, the stronger was the tendency to support the charity-linked event. Also, the
results in these social media contexts revealed that specific intrinsic dimensions (e.g.,
experience stimulation) are motivators of online and offline support, as is the personal
value nature of integrated regulation. Whereas only autonomous motivational regula-
tions predicted support for the two events organized specifically a for charitable causes,
both autonomous and controlled regulations predicted support of a for-profit event
organized with a charitable cause as an adjunct. These findings can assist practitioners
in designing more effective social media communications in support of charity-linked
events.
Keywords: social media, self-determination theory, integrated regulation, tripartite
model of intrinsic motivation, charitable causes
Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000085.supp
Social media is a new domain offering excit-
ing opportunities to investigate research ques-
tions in social psychology (Greitemeyer, 2011;
Kende, Ujhelyi, Joinson, & Greitemeyer, 2015).
Our research examined motivation to support
charity-linked events of nonprofit organizations
that are currently faced with increased compe-
tition for resources and declining government
support (Paulin, Ferguson, Jost, & Fallu, 2014;
Reed, Aquino, & Levy, 2007; White & Peloza,
2009). Presently, they depend on an ageing set
of traditional supporters (Urbain, Gonzalez, &
Le Gall-Ely, 2013). However, their future suc-
cess lies in ensuring the sustainable involve-
ment of the Millennial generation (Fine, 2009),
distinguished from other generations by their
intense exposure at an early age to interactive
technology and social media (Bolton et al.,
2013).
Facebook, the most detailed social media, is
used primarily to maintain or solidify existing
offline relationships allowing people to develop
a public or semipublic profile and to emotion-
ally participate with those whom they can share
This article was published Online First December .
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docxadelaidefarmer322
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to
Facebook Appeals: Emotional Cause Identification and Distinct
Self-Determined Regulations
Kaspar Schattke
Université du Québec à Montréal
Ronald Ferguson and Michèle Paulin
Concordia University
Nonprofit organizations are increasingly dependent on the involvement of Millennial
constituencies. Three studies investigated their motivations to support charity-linked
events: emotional identification with a cause, self-determination theory (SDT) regula-
tions, and context-related Facebook promotions. This article addresses the recent call to
expand SDT research from a simple analysis of autonomous versus controlled moti-
vation, to studying the effects of all the regulations in the SDT continuum, in particular,
the inclusion of the tripartite dimensions of intrinsic motivation and integrated moti-
vation. Results demonstrated that the greater the emotional identification with the
cause, the stronger was the tendency to support the charity-linked event. Also, the
results in these social media contexts revealed that specific intrinsic dimensions (e.g.,
experience stimulation) are motivators of online and offline support, as is the personal
value nature of integrated regulation. Whereas only autonomous motivational regula-
tions predicted support for the two events organized specifically a for charitable causes,
both autonomous and controlled regulations predicted support of a for-profit event
organized with a charitable cause as an adjunct. These findings can assist practitioners
in designing more effective social media communications in support of charity-linked
events.
Keywords: social media, self-determination theory, integrated regulation, tripartite
model of intrinsic motivation, charitable causes
Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000085.supp
Social media is a new domain offering excit-
ing opportunities to investigate research ques-
tions in social psychology (Greitemeyer, 2011;
Kende, Ujhelyi, Joinson, & Greitemeyer, 2015).
Our research examined motivation to support
charity-linked events of nonprofit organizations
that are currently faced with increased compe-
tition for resources and declining government
support (Paulin, Ferguson, Jost, & Fallu, 2014;
Reed, Aquino, & Levy, 2007; White & Peloza,
2009). Presently, they depend on an ageing set
of traditional supporters (Urbain, Gonzalez, &
Le Gall-Ely, 2013). However, their future suc-
cess lies in ensuring the sustainable involve-
ment of the Millennial generation (Fine, 2009),
distinguished from other generations by their
intense exposure at an early age to interactive
technology and social media (Bolton et al.,
2013).
Facebook, the most detailed social media, is
used primarily to maintain or solidify existing
offline relationships allowing people to develop
a public or semipublic profile and to emotion-
ally participate with those whom they can share
This article was published Online First December .
Major Benefits and Drivers of IoT.Background According to T.docxjesssueann
Major Benefits and Drivers of IoT.
Background: According to Turban (2015),The major objective of IoT systems is to improve productivity, quality, speed, and the quality of life. There are potentially several major benefits from IoT, especially when combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Reference: Sharda, R., Delen, Dursun, and Turban, E. (2020). Analytics, Data Science, & Artificial Intelligence: Systems for Decision Support. 11th Edition. By PEARSON Education. Inc.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-519201-6
Assignment/Research: Go to pages 694 to 695 of your recommended textbook and familiarize yourself with the contents therein. Go ahead and make a list of the major benefits and drivers of IoT, thereafter pick two from each list and discuss them briefly.
Your research paper should be at least three pages (800 words), double-spaced, have at least 4 APA references, and typed in an easy-to-read font in MS Word
.
Major Assessment 2 The Educated Person” For educators to be ef.docxjesssueann
Major Assessment 2: The “Educated Person” For educators to be effective in supporting diverse learners, they need to develop, possess, and continually refine their vision of the “educated person.” In other words, they need to have a vision of their goals and outcomes for educating students. Prepare a statement of your image of and beliefs and values about the educated person. Explain your beliefs about the role of the teacher in valuing and encouraging others to value the image of an educated person. Be certain to address the roles of cultural diversity in achieving a viable vision of the educated person. Begin by reading the key documents discussed in the chapters in this section. Reference at least five additional current professional references to illustrate your position. Organize your presentation by sections and use American Psychological Association (APA) style for citing references in the body of the text and for developing your reference list. Include the following sections in your paper:
1. Introduction
2. Vision of learning and the educated person (critical knowledge, skills, dispositions)
3. Role of the teacher in providing an effective instructional program and applying best practices to student learning
4. Critical issues in promoting the success of all students and responding to diverse community needs
5. Capacity to translate the image of the educated person into educational aims and organizational goals and processes
6. Conclusion
7. References
.
Major Assessment 4 Cultural Bias Investigation Most educators agree.docxjesssueann
Major Assessment 4: Cultural Bias Investigation Most educators agree that major influences on the achievement of students are the activities and support materials; environment; and types of expectations, interactions, and behaviors to which they are exposed. Therefore, an understanding of bias and skill in discerning subtle and/or overt bias in curriculum, instruction, and assessment are extremely important. Conduct a cultural bias investigation to examine a particular textbook with which you are familiar. Your investigation will focus on identifying instructional and assessment practices that reflect cultural bias and inhibit learning. The investigation will include reflection on the impact of these practices on student learning. Procedure 1. Make sure you are familiar with the key authors and experts described in the chapters in this section. Review at least five research-based sources that clarify the research to expand your understanding of the influence of culture on teaching and learning and the presence of bias in curriculum, instruction, and assessment. 2. Select and analyze a textbook with which you are familiar. Use the Sadkers’ (Sadker & Zittleman, 2012) list of the seven prevalent forms of bias in the curriculum to conduct a critical analysis of the textbook. Look at such aspects as pictures, names of people, the relative marginalization or integration of groups of people throughout the text, examples used, and so on. Summarize and present your data in displays (charts, tables, etc.). 3. Include in a written report the following: Introduction (text selected; rationale for selection; description of the text and context in which it is used) Review of the research on the influence of culture in teaching and learning and bias in the curriculum Summary of your findings (data tables and appropriate narratives) Discussion of the findings, including: { resonance with the research on bias { your understanding of bias and the challenges it poses to teaching and learning { the implications of your findings for teaching and learning Relate your discussion of the findings to class discussions and readings of the philosophy of education and purposes of curriculum. Be sure to adhere to APA guidelines in writing the final paper. Use the following tables to display your data: SECTION IV ASSESSMENT SKILLS Table 2: Analysis of Four Chapters for Frequency of Mention of Each Search Category Whites/Caucasians (male/female) African Americans (male/female) Hispanics/Latinos/Latinas (male/female) Native Americans (male/female) Asian Americans (male/female) Disability and deaf culture Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered persons (male/female) Religious groups Language groups Other Example Table 2 Format: Textbook Chapter Analysis Search category 1 # mentions/ # pages 2 # mentions/ # pages 3 # mentions/ # pages 4 # mentions/ # pages Total # mentions/ # pages White males White females African Americans Hispanics/Latinos/Latinas Table 3.
Maintaining privacy and confidentiality always is also vital. Nurses.docxjesssueann
Maintaining privacy and confidentiality always is also vital. Nurses handle information that if misplaced can expose patient’s unnecessarily and thus cause a breach in confidentiality. Such information can include drug use, sexual activity and history of mental illness (Masters, 2020). Conversations regarding patient care and condition must be private and involve only those in direct care. A violation of patient’s privacy can result in fines and employment termination
.
Main content15-2aHow Identity Theft OccursPerpetrators of iden.docxjesssueann
Main content
15-2aHow Identity Theft Occurs
Perpetrators of identity theft follow a common pattern after they have stolen a victim’s identity. To help you understand this process, we have created the “identity theft cycle.” Although some fraudsters perpetrate their frauds in slightly different ways, most generally follow the stages in the cycle shown in Figure 15.1.
Stage 1. Discovery
1. Perpetrators gain information.
2. Perpetrators verify information.
Stage 2. Action
1. Perpetrators accumulate documentation.
2. Perpetrators conceive cover-up or concealment actions.
Stage 3. Trial
1. First dimensional actions—Small thefts to test the stolen information.
2. Second dimensional actions—Larger thefts, often involving personal interaction, without much chance of getting caught.
3. Third dimensional actions—Largest thefts committed after perpetrators have confidence that their schemes are working.
Figure 15.1The Identity Theft Cycle
Stage 1: Discovery
The discovery stage involves two phases: information gathering and information verification. This is the first step in the identity theft cycle because all other actions the perpetrator takes depend upon the accuracy and effectiveness of the discovery stage. A powerful discovery stage constitutes a solid foundation for the perpetrator to commit identity theft. The smarter the perpetrator, the better the discovery foundation will be.
During the gaining information phase, fraudsters do all they can to gather a victim’s information. Examples of discovery techniques include such information-gathering techniques as searching trash, searching someone’s home or computer, stealing mail, phishing, breaking into cars or homes, scanning credit card information, or using other means whereby a perpetrator gathers information about a victim.
During the information verification phase, a fraudster uses various means to verify the information already gathered. Examples include telephone scams, where perpetrators call the victim and act as a representative of a business to verify the information gathered (this is known as pretexting), and trash searches (when another means was used to gather the original information). Although some fraudsters may not initially go through the information verification process, they will eventually use information verification procedures at some point during the scam. The scams of perpetrators who don’t verify stolen information are usually shorter and easier to catch than scams of perpetrators who verify stolen information.
Step 2: Action
The action stage is the second phase of the identity theft cycle. It involves two activities: accumulating documentation and devising cover-up or concealment actions.
Accumulating documentation refers to the process perpetrators use to obtain needed tools to defraud the victim. For example, using the information already obtained, perpetrators may apply for a bogus credit card, fake check, or driver’s license in the victim’s name. Although the perpetra.
Macro Presentation – Australia Table of ContentOver.docxjesssueann
Macro Presentation – Australia
Table of Content:
Overview
Nominal GDP & Real GDP
GDP/Capita
Inflation rate
Exports & Imports
Unemployment Rate & Labor force
labor force participation & composition of labor force
Money Supply
pie-chart (composition of the economy)
strengths and weaknesses of this economy
Overview:
sixth-largest country in the world.
Australia is a continent & an island
located in Oceania
Population: 25.2 million
Australia is one of the wealthiest Asia
the world’s 14th largest (economically)
Overview:
GDP :
$1.3 trillion
2.8% growth
2.6% 5-year compound annual growth
$52,373 per capita
Unemployment: 5.4%
Inflation (CPI): 2.0%
Characterized by: diverse services, technology sectors & low government debt
five key reasons for investing in Australia: Robust Economy, Dynamic Industries, Innovation and Skills, Global Ties and Strong Foundations & compares Australia’s credentials with other countries.
GDP:
Nominal GDP & Real GDP:
Nominal GDP:
1.434 trillion
Real GDP:
45439.30 $
GDP/Capita:
57,373.687
Inflation Rate:
Inflation Rate 2018 = 1.9%
Inflation Rate 2017 = 1.9%
Inflation Rate 2016 = 1.3%
Inflation Rate 2015 = 1.5%
Inflation Rate 2014 = 2.5%
Inflation Rate 2013 = 2.5%
Inflation Rates over 5 years
عمود12013201420152016201720182.52.51.51.31.91.9عمود2201320142015201620172018
Exports & Imports:
Exports:
Bituminous coal
iron ores and concentrates
Gold
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous
Copper ores and concentrates
The total value of exports: is US$ 252,776 million.
Imports:
Petroleum oïl
Automobiles with reciprocating piston engine di
Transmission apparatus
Diesel powered trucks
The total value of imports: is US$ 235,519 million
Exports & Imports (partners) :
Exports:
China
Japan
Korea
India
United sates
Imports:
China
United states
Japan
Germany
Thailand
Unemployment Rate & Labor force:
Unemployment Rate:
5.4%
Labor force:
79%
labor force participation & composition of labor force:
labor force participation:
77.558
composition of labor force:
Employed = 12658.6
Unemployed = 671.0
Labour force =
12658.6 + 671.0 = 13329.6
Nationals = 29.7 %
foreigners+ = 70.3 %
Money Supply:
M1 = 1189.19
M3 = 2231.55
pie-chart (composition of the economy):
70% of coal, 54% of iron, service industry 70%, Agriculture 12%
المبيعاتcoalironindustryagriculture70547012
strengths and weaknesses of this economy:
Weaknesses:
The quality of life in Australia is high & not permanent
The size of their investment
Most concentrated investments: coal, gas, iron mining
Solution
s & Suggestion:
To sustain a high quality of life long-term:
Many investments with added value ‘not from their priorities’ : (workforce for education, high teach sector in nanotechnology + solar energy & agricultural innovation) > should focus on
strengths and weaknesses of this economy:
Strength:
Mining is a strong investment in Australia
References:
https://www.h.
M.S Aviation Pty Ltd TA Australian School of Commerce RTO N.docxjesssueann
M.S Aviation Pty Ltd T/A Australian School of Commerce
RTO NO. 41089 I CRICOS NO.: 03489A
Melbourne Campus: Level 4, 123-129 Lonsdale Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000 Australia
Hobart Campus: Level 4, 18 Elizabeth Street, Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia
Ph: 1300 781 194
E: [email protected]
W: www.asoc.edu.au
M.S Aviation Pty Ltd T/A Australian School Of Commerce
Candidate Assessment Tool Page 1 of 43
Version 10.0
BSBINN601
Lead and manage organisational change
Candidate Assessment Tool
STUDENT NAME:
STUDENT ID:
ASSESSOR NAME:
UNIT CODE AND TITLE: BSBINN601 – Lead and manage organisational change
mailto:[email protected]
M.S Aviation Pty Ltd T/A Australian School of Commerce
RTO NO. 41089 I CRICOS NO.: 03489A
Melbourne Campus: Level 4, 123-129 Lonsdale Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000 Australia
Hobart Campus: Level 4, 18 Elizabeth Street, Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia
Ph: 1300 781 194
E: [email protected]
W: www.asoc.edu.au
M.S Aviation Pty Ltd T/A Australian School Of Commerce
Candidate Assessment Tool Page 2 of 43
Version 10.0
ASSESSMENT RECEIPT FORM
NOTE:
1. This form must be attached on top of the completed Student Assessment Booklet when
submitting.
2. The Assessment Receipt Form must be signed and dated.
DECLARATION:
1. I am aware that penalties exist for plagiarism and cheating.
2. I am aware of the requirements set by my assessor.
3. I have retained a copy of my assessment.
Student Signature: _________________________________ Date: _____________________
Assessment received by Australian School of Commerce
(ASOC) Staff
Name: Signature:
=================================TEAR HERE ==================================
Students must retain this as a Record of Submission
Assessment handedon:
Unit code and title: BSBINN601 – Lead and manage organisational change
Assessment received by ASOC staff
Name: ……………………………………………………
Signature: ………………………...……...……...……..
Student ID: …………………………..
Student Signature: ……………………
mailto:[email protected]
M.S Aviation Pty Ltd T/A Australian School of Commerce
RTO NO. 41089 I CRICOS NO.: 03489A
Melbourne Campus: Level 4, 123-129 Lonsdale Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000 Australia
Hobart Campus: Level 4, 18 Elizabeth Street, Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia
Ph: 1300 781 194
E: [email protected]
W: www.asoc.edu.au
M.S Aviation Pty Ltd T/A Australian School Of Commerce
Candidate Assessment Tool Page 3 of.
M4.3 Case StudyCase Study ExampleJennifer S. is an Army veter.docxjesssueann
M4.3 Case Study
Case Study Example:
Jennifer S. is an Army veteran of Operation Freedom. Since returning home, Jennifer has suffered from recurrent headaches, ringing in her ears, difficulty focusing, and dizziness. In addition, soon after returning home, she began to experience moments of panic when in open spaces; flashbacks reliving the blast and the death of fellow soldiers; feelings of emotional numbness and depression; and being easily startled. She was placed on medical leave and diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and is currently being seen by a psychiatrist at the VA hospital. Her husband understands the concept of PTSD but is unprepared to handle his wife’s deteriorating condition.
Recently, Jennifer was seen at the local urgent care center for recurrent headaches, complaints of shortness of breath, and chest pain. Her husband informed the urgent care nurse that for the past four weeks his wife has been unable to care for the children, remains in bed, complaining of headaches, and is very ‘jumpy’.
The nurse assesses Jennifer knowing that returning veterans with PTSD and their families face an array of challenges, with implications for the veterans, their partners, and their children. The nurse considers referring them to: a social worker specializing in crisis intervention for veterans, a family counselor, the school nurse, a family health care practitioner.
Key elements of the nurse’s assessment are as follows:
Jennifer is 33 year-old woman who enlisted in Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) in college, where she majored in Journalism. Upon graduation, she obtained a position in the Army as public affairs broadcast specialist. Her first assignment was at a base in upstate New York. Three years ago, she was relocated to the St. Louis, Missouri area. Jennifer has been married to her husband, Zane, for 14 years and they have two children ages six and ten. Cameron is ten years-old and entering middle school and Zeta is six years-old and in kindergarten. Zane works as a civil engineer in the St. Louis area. Both Jennifer and Zane come from large families who reside in the Boston area. Jennifer’s family is Portuguese and Zane's is Irish, they were both raised Catholic. While Jennifer was deployed, her mother moved in with Zane and the children to provide additional support and child care.
One year ago, Jennifer was deployed to Afghanistan on a six month assignment to report on the events of the war: she thought she had a ‘safe’ assignment. While working on a story in the field an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) exploded near her: two soldiers and four citizens were killed including one child. Although she was unhurt, she was unable to sleep after this event. Upon returning stateside, she began experiencing vivid nightmares, sleeplessness, survivor guilt, and depression. She was recently diagnosed with PTSD and is attempting to find a support group and counseling. Unfortunately, she has found that treatment for fe.
Love Language Project FINAL PAPERLove Language Project Part .docxjesssueann
Love Language Project FINAL PAPER
Love Language Project Part I
Objective:
To demonstrate the principles of love languages and effective use of interpersonal communication skills through “gifting” a close interpersonal relationship.
Assignment:
Please research the 5 Love Languages. Set a time when you can interview your selected person, at least ½ hour. Choose a quiet, comfortable environment where you will be able to listen effectively. The goal of your interview is to learn how your selected person most likes to receive expressions of affection.
You might begin by sharing the five love languages with them and asking some versions of the following questions:
1. Based on the descriptions in this section and this piece, which of the five love languages is most appealing to you to receive?
2. Can you share a story/example of a time when you received affection this way?
3. Which is the most challenging/uncomfortable love language for you to receive?
4. Can you share a story/example of a time when you received affection this way?
5. What changes do you think you could make in the way you receive affectionate messages in your close relationships?
Please describe the person that you chose to interview and your relationship with them. Then, post their responses to the questions
Love Language Project Part II
Write a personal reflection paper, at least 1.5 pages long, double spaced, typed, include the following:
1. What did you learn about your selected person and their preferred love languages from your interview? What was challenging about the interview? What surprised you?
2. How does their preferred love languages differ from yours? Did this make it difficult to plan your special event?
3. Comment on planning your Love Language Event. How did you come up with your ideas? What was easy and what was challenging?
4. Comment on implementing your Love Language Event. What was enjoyable? What was challenging? Did it go as you’d planned?
5. Comment on the Love Language Project in general. What did you learn? About the other person? About yourself?
6. How might what you learned during this Love Language Project affect your expressions of affection in other relationships?
.
Major Computer Science What are the core skills and knowledge y.docxjesssueann
Major: Computer Science
What are the core skills and knowledge you hope to acquire by completing a degree in this major and how do you plan to apply these when you graduate?
Please provide any other information about yourself that you feel will help this college make an admission decision. This may include work, research, volunteer activities or other experiences pertaining to the degree program.
.
Major Crime in Your CommunityUse the Internet to search for .docxjesssueann
Major Crime in Your Community
Use the Internet to search for a recent major crime in your community.
Write a report (narrative only) based on the account of the incident, using the outline process mentioned in chapter three of the course text.
You may simulate interviews and "fill in" any unknown information required to complete the report.
Be sure to include the characteristics of an effective police report covered in chapter three.
Instructions
This report must be at
least 2 pages
of written text.
· The entire paper must be your original work
· This report will use 1-inch margins, Times New Roman 12-point font, and double spacing.
· Cite your source – where do you get the information for your report?
.
Major Assignment - Learning NarrativeWrite a learning narr.docxjesssueann
Major Assignment - Learning Narrative
Write a
learning narrative
that narrates a specific event from your life that helped you learn something new about yourself or others. Your narrative should focus on a specific event in a narrow timeframe, using vivid description, narration, detail, and dialogue to organize your memories and make the significance of what happened clear to an audience.
Assignment
A
narrative
is a specific type of essay that uses stories of particular moments to help audiences perceive, understand, and "appreciate the value of an idea" (
The Composition of Everyday Life
, Ch. 1, p. 19).
For this essay, you will write a
learning narrative
, a specific type of narrative that focuses on showing how a particular moment from your memory changed how you thought about yourself or others. The learning narrative requires you to organize your memories and decide which details best show an audience how the events from your past affected you. A learning narrative is broader than a "literacy narrative": while you can write about how language or education changed your life, you also can write about other things you learned through music, sports, business, or in any other relevant setting.
In order to write a strong, focused narrative, you will need to be attentive to the following expectations for the essay:
Find the significance:
Think of how your narrative connects your memories to feelings / concepts others have experienced
Tell a particular story:
Like Keller and Zimmer, choose a single moment or event that can reflect your process of learning
Choose relevant details:
Include only those details that contribute to the significance
Narrate and describe:
Add emotional weight and interest to your story by narrating events with dialogue, action, description, and sensory experiences
Caution
: Please keep in mind that writing in this class is public, and anything you write about yourself may be shared with other students and instructors. Please only write about details that you are comfortable making public within our classroom community. You should know that your teacher is required by the State of Texas
(Links to an external site.)
to report any suspected incidents of discrimination, harassment, Title IX sexual harassment, and sexual misconduct to the UNT Title IX coordinators. If you have any questions about anything personal that you might want to disclose, email your teacher first or consult with one of the resources listed on this page:
Information on Sexual Violence and Mandatory Reporting.
Format and Length
Format
: Typed, double-spaced, submitted as a word-processing document.
12 point,
serif font (Links to an external site.)
(i.e. Times New Roman; Garamond; Book Antiqua), 1-inch margins.
Length
: 750 - 1000 words (approx. 3-4 pages)
Objectives and Questions
These questions help to guide discussion and set up the objectives for this unit.
What is an experience? What are significant experience.
Looking to have this work done AGAIN. It was submitted several times.docxjesssueann
Looking to have this work done AGAIN. It was submitted several times and never passed what the professor was requesting. I will include the copy I last submitted to the profesor, a copy of the instructions, and finally the feedback from the professor with what is missing on this assignment. The assignment is almost completed. Looking for someone to correct what needs correction following the feedback from the professor.
.
Major Assessment 1 Develop a Platform of Beliefs The following .docxjesssueann
Major Assessment 1: Develop a Platform of Beliefs
The following major assessment involves integrating your knowledge and skills around defining multicultural education and being a multicultural educator. You will write a platform of beliefs about teaching and learning. Your platform should be grounded in your growing understanding of teaching and learning, as well as the knowledge base about teaching and learning. You will also describe personal strengths and challenges as an educator in building an educational environment that reflects your beliefs. In assessing your own strengths and challenge areas, include an analysis of the findings from the assessment instruments and exercises that are included in the previous chapter. You may also access additional assessment instruments. Include in your platform the following sections: 1. Introduction 2. Your platform of beliefs about teaching and learning. Some essential questions that might be addressed in your platform are these: What do you believe is the purpose of education? What is the role of the teacher? What should be taught (the curriculum)? How do people learn? How do you view students as learners? Who controls the curriculum in schools? Whose knowledge is important to include? Are state standards and tests desirable? What is the impact of standardized testing on learning? How do issues of race, class, and gender influence what you do? What is your definition of effective teaching? Who and what have influenced your beliefs (e.g., people, experiences, readings)? What is the impact of your beliefs on teaching and learning for diverse students? Make specific and clear connections between your platform and course readings and discussions. 3. Personal strengths and challenges in advancing a school vision of learning; promoting the success of all students; responding to diverse student interests and needs; understanding and responding to social, economic, legal, and cultural contexts 4. Personal goals (knowledge, skills, dispositions) that you will be working on in the future 5. Conclusions
.
Macroeconomics PaperThere are currently three major political ap.docxjesssueann
Macroeconomics Paper
There are currently three major political approaches to fixing the problem with the national debt .
1) One group of advocates is asking that we cut down government expenditures and give more tax breaks and incentives to small and big business.
2) Another group of advocates is saying that we must emphasize our exports by lowering our dollar value or forcing our trade partners – China – to regulate more accurately it’s currency.
3) A third group of approaches by saying we should have a balance budget amendment.
i) Identify the notable political advocates of all three positions.
ii) Give the pro’s and con’s of each approach.
Length: 2-3 pages.
Please email the paper in either
Microsoft word *.doc (97-2003) format or
Rich text format *.rtf OR GOOGLE DOCS
font 12 double-space
1-inch margins
Bibliography need not be inclusive in writing size.
SOURCES
Agresti, James D. "National Debt." National Debt - Just Facts. N.p., 26 Apr. 2011. Web. 24 Apr. 2015.
"Americans for a Balanced Budget Amendment." Balanced Budget Amendment. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 May 2015.
"Bailout Timeline: Another Day, Another Bailout." ProPublica. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Apr. 2015.
Bandow, Doug. "Federal Spending: Killing the Economy With Government Stimulus." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 6 Aug. 2012. Web. 01 May 2015.
FROM UNIT 2 FOLDER
Macroeconomics Paper
There are currently three major political approaches to fixing the problem with the national debt .
1) One group of advocates is asking that we cut down government expenditures and give more tax breaks and incentives to small and big business.
2) Another group of advocates is saying that we must emphasize our exports by lowering our dollar value or forcing our trade partners – China – to regulate more accurately it’s currency.
3) A third group of approaches by saying we should have a balance budget amendment.
i) Identify the notable political advocates of all three positions.
ii) Give the pro’s and con’s of each approach.
Length: 2-3 pages.
Please email the paper in either
Microsoft word *.doc (97-2003) format or
Rich text format *.rtf
font 12
double-spaced
1-inch margins
Bibliography need not be inclusive in writing size.
"Federal Spending, Budget, and Debt."
Solution
s.heritage.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 May 2015.
Lee, Bonnie. "Tax Breaks Every Small Business Needs to Know About." Smallbusiness.foxbusiness.com. N.p., 24 June 2013. Web. 01 May 2015.
Rifkin, Jesse. "Advocates See 2015 As Year Of The Balanced Budget Amendment." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 3 Feb. 2015. Web. 01 May 2015.
Macroeconomics Paper
There are currently three major political approaches to fixing the problem with the national debt .
1) One group of advocates is asking that we cut down government expenditures and give more tax breaks and incentives to small and big business.
2) Another group of advocates is saying that we must emphasize our exports by lowering our dollar value or forcing our trade p.
M A T T D O N O V A NThings in the Form o f a Prayer in.docxjesssueann
M A T T D O N O V A N
Things in the Form o f
a Prayer in the Form
o f a Wail
H e r e ’s t h e j o u r n e y i n m i n i a t u r e .Oscar Hammerstein, not long before stomach cancer kills him,
writes the song as a duet between Marie and the Mother Abbess, for a
scene in which the plucky nun is told she’s being booted from the con
vent since she privileges melody over God. Marie doesn’t want to serve
as governess for the Von Trapp clan, but she’s already shown her hand
by giving rapturous voice to a song that summons the bliss and solace
o f secular joys. She needs to go. Although the film version of The Sound
of Music will shift “My Favorite Things” to the thunderstorm scene in
which Marie offers up raindrops on roses and warm woolen mittens as
balm to the terrified kids, John Coltrane’s classic jazz cover much more
radically revamps the Broadway hit, transfiguring mere catchiness into
complex modalities. Yet if this were simply a one-off recording, there
wouldn’t be much to say: turning cornball consolation into jazz isn’t
news. Instead, Coltrane can’t relinquish it. Instead, even throughout all
his late music-as-prayer work, he never lets go of the show tune.
“We played it every night for five years,” drummer Elvin Jones re
membered. “We played it every night like there would be no tomorrow.
Like it would be the last time we played it.” His son, Ravi Coltrane,
calculates that his father’s band played “My Favorite Things” thousands
o f times as a regular fixture in the set: “They worked a lo t— forty-five
weeks a year, six nights a week, three sets, sometimes even four sets on
the weekend. You’re talking about getting the blade as sharp as can be.”
But of all the blades to w het— especially one bedecked with ponies
and kittens— why that song in particular?
M y f i r s t e n c o u n t e r with Coltrane’s late free jazz work came from
an unlikely source: the writings o f cult rock critic Lester Bangs. At the age
o f fourteen, I stumbled upon a copy of his collected writings— Psychotic
632
Reactions and Carburetor Dung— and proceeded to treat it as less an assem
blage o f essays and music reviews than a checklist of writers and albums I
was obliged to track down if I might ever break free from my Ohio sub
urbs. The Velvet Underground, William Burroughs, Iggy and the Stooges’
Metallic K.O. (a live album in which you can hear beer bottles shattering
against guitar strings), and even Baudelaire all first came tumbling my
way through the same careening chute of Bangs’s writing. His claim that
Van Morrison’s Astral Weeks was fueled by many lifetimes o f wisdom
lured me into transcribing the entirety o f the album’s lyrics in my algebra
notebook, and the visible bottom edge of an Undertones poster in his
author photograph led me, without having heard a note o f the band’s
music, to bike six miles to Spin More records in Kent on a quest to
cobble together their discography.
Sandwiched between articl.
M A R C H 2 0 1 5F O R W A R D ❚ E N G A G E D ❚ .docxjesssueann
M A R C H 2 0 1 5
F O R W A R D ❚ E N G A G E D ❚ R E A D Y
A Cooperative Strategy for
21st Century Seapower
DRAFT/PRE-DECISIONAL - NOT FOR DISSEMINATION - 02 FEB
A COOPERATIVE STRATEGY FOR 21ST CENTURY SEAPOWER, MARCH 2015 [i]
America’s Sea Services—the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard—uniquely provide presence around the globe. During peacetime and times of conflict, across the full spectrum—from
supporting an ally with humanitarian assistance or disaster relief to
deterring or defeating an adversary in kinetic action—Sailors, Marines,
and Coast Guardsmen are deployed at sea and in far-flung posts to be
wherever we are needed, when we are needed. Coming from the sea, we
get there sooner, stay there longer, bring everything we need with us,
and we don’t have to ask anyone’s permission.
Our founders recognized the United States as a maritime nation and
the importance of maritime forces, including in our Constitution the re-
quirement that Congress “maintain a Navy.” In today’s dynamic security
environment, with multiple challenges from state and non-state actors
that are often fed by social disorder, political upheaval, and technological
advancements, that requirement is even more prescient.
The United States Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard are our
Nation’s first line of defense, often far from our shores. As such, main-
taining America’s leadership role in the world requires our Nation’s Sea
Services to return to our maritime strategy on occasion and reassess
our approach to shifting relationships and global responsibilities. This
necessary review has affirmed our focus on providing presence around
the world in order to ensure stability, build on our relationships with allies
and partners, prevent wars, and provide our Nation’s leaders with options
in times of crisis. It has confirmed our continued commitment to main-
tain the combat power necessary to deter potential adversaries and to
fight and win when required.
Our responsibility to the American people dictates an efficient use of
our fiscal resources and an approach that adapts to the evolving security
environment. The adjustments made in this document do just that. Look-
ing at how we support our people, build the right platforms, power them
to achieve efficient global capability, and develop critical partnerships
will be central to its successful execution and to providing that unique
capability: presence.
PREFACE
[ii] Forward ✦ Engaged ✦ Ready
Seapower has been and will continue to be the critical foundation of
national power and prosperity and international prestige for the United
States of America. Our Sea Services will integrate with the rest of our
national efforts, and those of our friends and allies. This revision to A
Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower builds on the heritage
and complementary capabilities of the Navy-Marine Corps-Coast Guard
team to advan.
Lymphedema following breast cancer The importance of surgic.docxjesssueann
Lymphedema following breast cancer: The importance of
surgical methods and obesity
Rebecca J. Tsai, PhDa,*, Leslie K. Dennis, PhDa,b, Charles F. Lynch, MD, PhDa, Linda G.
Snetselaar, RD, PhD, LDa, Gideon K.D. Zamba, PhDc, and Carol Scott-Conner, MD, PhD,
MBAd
aDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
bDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona,
Tucson, AZ, USA.
cDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
dDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer-related arm lymphedema is a serious complication that can
adversely affect quality of life. Identifying risk factors that contribute to the development of
lymphedema is vital for identifying avenues for prevention. The aim of this study was to examine
the association between the development of arm lymphedema and both treatment and personal
(e.g., obesity) risk factors.
Methods: Women diagnosed with breast cancer in Iowa during 2004 and followed through 2010,
who met eligibility criteria, were asked to complete a short computer assisted telephone interview
about chronic conditions, arm activities, demographics, and lymphedema status. Lymphedema was
characterized by a reported physician-diagnosis, a difference between arms in the circumference
(> 2cm), or the presence of multiple self-reported arm symptoms (at least two of five major arm
symptoms, and at least four total arm symptoms). Relative risks (RR) were estimated using
logistic regression.
Results: Arm lymphedema was identified in 102 of 522 participants (19.5%). Participants treated
by both axillary dissection and radiation therapy were more likely to have arm lymphedema than
treated by either alone. Women with advanced cancer stage, positive nodes, and larger tumors
along with a body mass index > 40 were also more likely to develop lymphedema. Arm activity
level was not associated with lymphedema.
*Correspondence and Reprints to: Rebecca Tsai, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway,
R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226. [email protected] Phone: (513)841-4398. Fax: (513) 841-4489.
Authorship contribution
All authors contributed to the conception, design, drafting, revision, and the final review of this manuscript.
Competing interest
Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding: This study was funded by the National Cancer Institute Grant Number: 5R03CA130031.
All authors do not declare any conflict of interest.
All authors do not declare any conflict of interest.
HHS Public Access
Author manuscript
Front Womens Health. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 December 14.
Published in final edited form as:
Front Womens Health. 2018 June ; 3(2): .
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Literature Review on the Impact of Social Media in R.docx
1. Literature Review on the Impact of Social Media in Reducing
Domestic Violence
Student’s Name:
Professor:
Course:
Date:
Introduction
Domestic violence can be defined as the physical violence that
occurs in an intimate relationship within domestic settings
(Choudhry & Herring, 2017). It happens when one of the
partners tends to dominate over the other via a series of
controlling violence and behaviour. However, domestic violence
is not limited to the physical form of violence because it can
also take other forms such as spiritual, psychological, economic
and sexual abuse. According to a recent study conducted by the
Australian Bureau of statistics, one out of three women in
Australia have had an experience of physical violence at one
point in life, about one out of five women have had a sexual
abuse experience and one out of five women have had violence
2. experience with their previous or current partner. Such
prevalence of domestic violence is quite high despite most
Australians acknowledging that domestic violence is a crime.
Domestic violence is has become one of the major social
problems in Australia and the world at large leading to poor
health, social and economic outcomes for witnesses and victims
of such violence. Such form of violence has a significant impact
in terms of cost to the nation both directly in indirectly. With
the advancement of technology and the ever-increasing rate of
use of social media, the government and other agencies can
utilize web based platforms to campaign against domestic
violence and even increase awareness of the public concerning
this evil act. Social media tools have gained popularity among
the current generation and establishing campaigns through such
platforms to educate the population concerning the issue of
domestic violence can reach more audience in Australia and the
entire world at large (Subramani, Michalska, Wang, Du, Zhang,
& Shakeel, 2019). By reaching more audience, it would mean
that the population is more aware about the issue and also its
side effects which can in turn help in reducing the cases of
domestic violence. The literature review is aimed at addressing
the research question “what kind of role does social media
campaign play in reducing domestic violence in Australia?” by
undertaking a critical analysis of campaigns targeting domestic
violence perpetrators and utilization of social media as a
behavioural change tool.
Key Words and Databases: Social media campaigns, domestic
violence, violence prevention, Australian Bureau of Statistics,
Violence against women (VAW), google scholar, IEEE online
library
Domestic Violence Campaigns Review Targeting Perpetrators
The circles of violence prevention have grown that should play
a significant role in combatting domestic violence (Manikam,
2018). There are a number of reasons why it is important to
consider men in order to bring to an end domestic violence
especially against women such as men have knowledge
3. concerning masculinity, male motivators are viewed as opinion
leaders to their peers by showing respect for women, men are
viewed as credible sources of domestic violence and the
attitudes of men are usually influenced by their fellow men
counterparts (Westmarland, 2017). There has been an ever-
growing effort to involve men as well as boys in several
capacities that are related to Violence against women
prevention through participation in educational programs, social
media campaigns, use of activists, gatekeeping and advocates.
The rising cases of domestic violence has drawn attention from
both Australian non-governmental and governmental
organizations in an attempt to address the issue of domestic
violence.
According to Manikam (2018), different approaches are
being used to as interventions for domestic violence such as
health models, social marketing campaigns, and advertising.
However, it is visible that the domestic violence intervention’s
effectiveness is sparsely evaluated. Also, the assessment done
on to evaluate those interventions tend to focus more on
attitudes and not behaviour and usually do not address the
impact of intervention on victimization or perpetration.
Furthermore, the evaluations do not address the change
mediators in behaviours, and attitudes among other factors
which include the fundamental processes involved by the
program towards achieving the change. In addition to that, there
are less audience that is reached by such forms of interventions
which tends to limit the effectiveness of the intervention. The
case is so because, there are few people or a significant number
of the targeted audience may miss the advert or be less
concerned with the intervention methodology. However, among
the identified interventions, social marketing campaigns has
emerged as the most effective when compared to other forms of
interventions because of their ability to account for evidence in
terms of effectiveness. Campaigns behind voluntary behaviour
and attitude change related to perpetration of men in violence
tend to be more effective. Social marketing campaigns include
4. the use of social media platforms such as Facebook, YouTube,
and twitter among other elements that tend to gain the interest
of the users concerning the issue.
Review on Whether Social Media Can Help Combat VAW and
Girls
According to Oxfam international (2017), there are several steps
the can be taken in order to address utilize social media as a
tool for combatting domestic violence and especially VAW and
girls. The website addresses a brutal murder case of a woman
and states the steps and actions that were taken with the aid of
social media. Several actions were taken including exposing the
violence, fighting for justice on social media, challenging the
norms, use of social media influence, social media’s ability to
offer beyond-border solidarity and joining the online fight such
forms of violence.
Exposing Domestic Violence on social Media
The first step includes exposing the violence on social
media. In this step, the use hashtags and other social media
mechanisms for informing the public such as the use of
YouTube ads and Facebook pages to expose such actions can
play a significant role in creating awareness concerning the
subject (Buoncompagni, 2018). Putting together the issue under
one thread overwhelmingly clears that VAW and girl should not
be subjected to isolation in the society. The second step
concerns fighting for justice on social media using strategically
designed tags show their discontentment of the issue. Such tags
can be helpful in informing the public because everyone can be
able to express their own opinion and for the uninformed
population can read through the comments and learn the current
trends concerning the subject (Oxfam International Blogs,
2017).
Challenging Discriminative Social Norms on Social Media
Challenging the societal norms that tend to lean towards
promoting domestic violence against women is another social
media action identified by the Oxfam international group. In
order to challenge discriminative societal norms, the recent
5. evidence reveals that communicative campaigns by themselves
are usually not efficient and effective but their effectiveness
can be significantly boosted by adopting a combination with
other modes of interventions. The limitations of the study
conducted by Oxfam international is that it focuses more on
violence against girls and women yet the whole domestic
violence (DV) problem concerns both genders and also it does
not provide the evidence on how and whether adopting a
combination of communication campaigns and the social media
campaign would work. As a result, in addressing the DV issue
using a combination of both social media and communication
campaigns need to be tracked in order to understand how the
combination impacts the society through tracking changes over
a longer period of time.
Use of Social Media to Influence
Social media is one key forum that can be combined with other
communication campaigns to provide deliberations and debate
at scale. Another step is the use of social media influence using
key influencers such as politicians, sports-people, and
celebrities among others to challenge against the violence.
Tagging such people can have a significant influence on the
perception of the people who commit such forms of violence
and even those who may be intending to commit domestic
violence. According to a research conducted in Lebanon, results
showed that using narrative exemplars and celebrity
spokesperson in anti-domestic violence online campaigns can
have a significant impact in creating awareness and such
interventions can be more beneficial to the less informed people
in the society (El-Khoury & Shafer 2016). The celebrity
presence tends to elicit more positive behaviour and attitude
compared to when a non-celebrity is used in the campaign
against domestic violence.
Promoting Cross-Border Solidarity
The use of social media can be of significant benefit in
promoting cross-border solidarity. The case is so because, it
allows for participants from different areas around the world to
6. engage in such deliberations and debate (Oxfam international,
2017). Through exposure of domestic violence on social media
together, the participants from all round the globe can agree
together and say the ‘enough is enough’ and in doing so, the
public is aware of what the current world is fighting against. As
a result, the public is informed concerning the issue and can
implement actions that are designed to reduce the occurrence of
domestic violence which has emerged as a global problem. For
instance, they can take responsibility of reporting or educating
anyone they find committing domestic violence and informing
them on the impact of such actions.
The Oxfam international concluded that there is need to follow
the identified steps in response to domestic violence as well as
violence against women on social media campaigns.
Furthermore, it asserts that the people can join social media
campaigns against domestic violence to demonstrate their
frustrations about the subject and also awaken the responsible
bodies to act in response to domestic violence. Joining the
social media fight against such deeds can help in creating more
awareness concerning the subject as well as inform the less
informed people on the side effects of their actions. However,
the research is limited to only the online actions that people can
take in reducing the cases of domestic violence. In addition to
that, the research does not put into consideration evaluation
measures that should be put in place to monitor the validity and
effectiveness of the social media campaigns. In order to
implement an effective approach towards reducing and
preventing the spread of domestic violence, it is important to
put in to considerations different stakeholders that will be
involved in the process and enhance collaboration between
parties as it will improve the outcome (Papadakaki, Musteata,
Vasilaki & Chliaoutakis, 2016). Furthermore, monitoring is key
to ensure evaluate the effectiveness of social media campaigns.
Review on the Use of Social Media Campaigns Aim at
Promoting Bystander’s Intention to Intervene in Domestic
Violence Situations.
7. Most domestic violence cases occur in the presence of a
bystander. However, a significant number of bystanders do not
intervene in such cases with a belief that they should not be
concerned with other people’s family issues. As a result,
domestic violence victims suffer a big blow such as health
complications while bystanders watch them without offering
any help. Therefore, there is need to educate the public
concerning such cases just in case they come across domestic
violence, they can intervene which will in turn reduce the side
effects of the violence and even reduce such cases because some
of them can be prevented through this approach.
In an article titled ‘#WhyITold: A Pilot Test of Twitter
Messages Aimed at Promoting Bystander Intervention against
Domestic Violence,’ a case study was conducted to examine the
efficiency and effectiveness of twitter messaging in persuading
and informing the bystanders concerning the importance of
intervening on behalf of the victims of domestic violence. The
study adopted the Fishbein’s integrative model (2000) of
predicting behaviour as a framework for guiding the
experiment. The outcome of the study revealed injunctive norms
as the best approach to predict the intention of the participant to
intervene in case of a domestic violence situation (Wong &
Bostwick, 2017). Furthermore, the research revealed that
educating and highlighting the warning signs of domestic
violence produces the strongest impact on the intention of the
participant to intervene in case of a domestic violence situation
primarily through injunctive norms perception. Another finding
from the research was that, social media campaigns can work
effectively through distribution of campaign messages that are
aimed at triggering the bystanders to intervene in case of a
domestic violence situation.
Based on the findings of the above research, there is need to
promote awareness of bystanders on the importance of
intervening in case of a domestic violence cases. The social
media can emphasize on such campaigns by structuring the
message leaning on the moral obligation of the bystanders
8. against Domestic Violence situations which is not only illegal
but also unethical. Expressing intervention on domestic
violence as a moral obligation of the bystander will in turn
build the courage and the will of the bystander to intervene in
case he or she encounters a domestic violence scenario. In
doing so, the general public will be aware of their obligation in
case they come across domestic violence.
However, the above research was limited because the
participants’ exposure to the tweets was not based on their day
to day social media interactions. As a result, there is need to
adopt longitudinal designs in order to track any changes in
intervention behaviour of people during domestic violence cases
over a longer period of time may be weeks or months in order to
determine the real impact of social media campaigns designed
to promote bystanders’ intervention. In doing so, the actual
impact can be tracked and if they are found valid or having a
significant impact, then more awareness campaigns can be done
on social media in order to enhance implementation of more
preventive measures against domestic violence.
Using social media campaigns and narratives can have a
significant impact on the attitude of an individual towards the
campaign which can be highly attributed to the empathetic
feeling (Muralidharan & Kim, 2019). The feeling is brought
about by how the message in the campaign is conveyed and how
well it is expressed to bring out the appeal about the side effects
of domestic violence. In order to capture the feelings of the
viewers, it is important to present the entire social media
campaign in a clear and emotional way to reveal the reality of
surrounding the issue. In doing so, the bystanders will have the
empathetic feeling when they encounter the scenario and can
easily intervene and help the parties engaging in the violence to
pursue better ways of solving their differences. This will in turn
reduce the number of cases of domestic violence as described by
Muralidharan and Kim.
Review on Social Media Campaign Principles to Enhance
Domestic Violence Prevention and Reduction
9. It is important to consider several principles that would be
followed in the development and implementation of social
media campaigns against domestic violence to enhance their
success (Liou, 2013). Some of those principles include putting
the support and safety of the domestic violence victims first.
Before efforts are made towards preventing domestic violence,
it is important to develop a deep understanding concerning the
functional and existing systems that are available in Australia
and how the social media campaigns can work in coordination
and collaboration with the existing system towards combating
the pandemic.
Commitment to Human Rights, Gender Justice and Freedom
from Violence for All
Liou identified gender justice commitment, freedom and
human rights against violence for all as another principle to
consider when developing social media campaigns against
domestic violence. When using social media campaigns, it is
important to reveal to the target audience that the campaign is
designed and is intended to operate as per the requirement of
the country’s law. In doing so, the audience will be informed
that freedom from domestic violence is a right for everyone and
it is within the law. Furthermore, showing commitment on the
issue including legal concerns can have a significant impact
how the public perceives the campaigns and will likely to take
the issue seriously.
Innovation and Evidence
Another principle is innovation and evidence. Despite
domestic violence prevention being at its nascent stages, there
exist a well-established evidence concerning what actually
works in stopping the domestic violence before it commences.
Such evidence can be of significant help in designing social
media campaigns so as to scale up and drive more effective
policies, research methodologies, communication strategies, and
programmes designed to improve the current domestic violence
situation. With such evidence also, the party involved in
conducting the social media campaigns can design a more
10. innovative social media campaigns that are likely to be more
effective in changing the current DV situation.
Safety and Ethic in Social Media Campaigns
Another principle identified by Liou is concerned with
safety and ethics in social media campaigns. When addressing
the issue of domestic violence in social media campaigns,
communications, research and programming should be done in
consideration of highest degree of safety and ethical standards.
Such standards provide a clear articulation to the team of actors
involved and play an integral role in the achievement of the
overall goals of prevention against domestic violence. Adopting
such a principle will aid in achieving the goals of the
preventing the occurrence of domestic violence because those
standards depict the intensity of the subject and how which the
public should take it.
Long-term Vision
Long-term mission and vision is another principle
identified by Liou that social media campaigns should take into
consideration for them to succeed in reducing and preventing
domestic violence. With the ever increasing rate of domestic
violence, it is important to adopt interventions with long-term
vision concerning the subject. The case is so because prevention
against domestic violence and building a society that is peaceful
and just is a long-term project. Therefore, it is important to
establish social media campaigns with long-term vision and not
only a short tem period. The case is so because, achievement of
a sustainable impact is not able to be accounted for in just a
single project cycle or a single research finding. Instead, there
is need to deepen the capacity by doing rigorous work in
domestic violence prevention, coordinating and collaborating
across diverse stakeholders and sectors and enforcing long-term
commitment of actors to help in the establishment of a
sustainable foundation that will drive efforts of domestic
violence prevention forward (Harris, Polans, Mazeika &
Sherman, 2016). Therefore, for social media campaigns to
succeed in eliminating or preventing the issue of domestic
11. violence, there exist a need to enforce long-term vision and
establish strategies that will be adopted towards achieving its
goals.
Adopting the above stated principles can aid in improving
the outcome of social media campaigns against domestic
violence. However, the principles are only limited to the
presentation of the social media campaign and do not address
the need for involvement of multiple sectors in the fight against
domestic violence. Furthermore, the study does not address the
aspect of enforcing those principles in campaigns against
domestic violence. Any principles need to be enforced in order
to be applied better. Being a sensitive subject, domestic
violence needs to be addressed with caution and all the
campaigns against it, should be significantly enforced in order
to achieve better positive outcomes. Therefore, in designing the
social media campaigns, there is need to address the need for
enforcement because the people may end up ignoring such
campaigns thus rendering the entire campaign ineffective.
Enforcing the principles is highly likely to change the way
people perceives the campaigns and may start taking them with
more weight. In doing so, it will influence their behaviour
towards domestic violence because of the emphasis given to the
subject on the social media campaign.
Theoretical Frameworks Used to Design an Interactive Domestic
Violence Prevention Tool.
There are many models and theories for social media
marketing but with few formal agreements on which models are
for what problems in the society and in what situations is most
appropriate to apply a particular model (Manikam, 2018).
However, additional research show that most mitigation and
prevention programs are likely to achieve better and stronger
results if the content of the framework is theory-based
(Manikam & Russell-Bennett, 2016). There are several theories
that are mostly used in campaigns concerning behaviour change
such as social learning theories, stages of change model,
bystander intervention, reasoned action theory, social norms
12. theory, and reinforcement theory among others. Therefore, it is
important to understand which theory works best in reducing
and preventing domestic violence in the society.
Understanding the main reasons behind the occurrence of
domestic violence is key because such knowledge will guide
towards selecting the appropriate framework that will be
adopted in the social media campaigns against domestic
violence. Domestic violence is perpetuated by norms or
attitudes such as traditions that advocate for masculinity, the
belief that men are the key wage earners while women are
‘house wife,’ and other non-traditional issues such as drug
abuse among others. The peer pressure on men to conform to
such masculinity notions can lead to domestic violence against
women which can be motivated by different factors such as
intimidation, aggression, physical violence, and verbal abuse
with the intention of gaining control and dominance over the
other partner. Another motivation for men to commit domestic
violence can be committing impulsive actions as a way of
responding to anger and frustration emotions but without an
actual expectation of attaining a particular objective. In this
case, research has found out that applying the stage of change
theory tends to achieve more positive outcomes in compared to
when other models are adopted (Manikam, 2018). Therefore, it
is important to critically analyse the theoretical models and
understand the situation in order to incorporate the best model
when conducting social media campaigns against domestic
violence.
The social learning theory, reasoned action theory, planned
behaviour theory and health belief theory have emerged as some
of the commonly used social media campaigns’ theoretical
frameworks. Such models are applied in reduction and
prevention of domestic violence based on the expected outcome.
Since this literature is focused on reducing domestic violence in
Australia, it is also a preventive measure against potential
perpetrators of domestic violence. The Commitment, Belonging
and appeal framework is one of the effective frameworks that
13. can be adopted in reducing the Domestic Violence cases. The
case is so because, the framework was designed to foster online
health behaviour modification (Manikam & Russell-Bennett,
2016). The above stated theoretical framework is a combines
both stages of change and health belief models where social
identity, social connection, self-efficacy as well as health
behaviour changes supersede. Those determinants do match with
the goal of the social media campaigns which is educating the
public concerning the components of building a respectful
relationship which include being considerate of others, trust and
communication.
Summary and Conclusion
The domestic violence pervasiveness continues to escalate
despite nations implementing various mitigation and prevention
measures. Due to the bold nature of the subject, it cannot be
addressed successfully by engaging one party but instead, it can
be addressed better if a combination of sectors is collaborating
in combatting the social problem. Social media campaign is one
approach being used to educate and inform the public against
domestic violence as a preventive measure towards the
increasing trend in the cases of domestic violence. Studies show
that men are the major perpetrators of domestic violence in the
society and in order reduce domestic violence, the social media
campaigns and other forms of campaigns should focus more on
men. There are several ways that can be used in reducing
domestic violence such as social media campaigns, advertising
and health models.
There are several ways in which social media campaigns
can be used in reducing the cases of domestic violence
including, exposing the violence, fighting for justice on social
media, challenging the discriminative social norms, using the
social media to influence others to change their discriminative
attitudes among others. Furthermore, social media campaigns
can be used as a tool for creating the awareness of the
bystanders to intervene in case of occurrence of a domestic
violence. This will aid in reducing the occurrence of avoidable
14. domestic violence because they can be contained during the
nascent stages or even before the lead to serious implications.
Social media campaigns towards reducing domestic violence can
be more successful if several principles are taken into
consideration including innovation and evidence, commitment
to human rights, gender justice and freedom from violence,
safety and ethics and setting up long term goals and vision
because of the nature of the long-term nature of problem. When
designing a social media campaign or any other interactive tool
for that matter that is aimed at reducing or preventing the
number of domestic violence cases, it is important to put into
consideration the appropriate theoretical model that would
result to better positive outcomes on the subject. The case is so
because there, exist different theories such as social learning,
stages of change, and health belief model among others. In
order to choose the best framework, it is important to
understand the causes of domestic violence.
References
Choudhry, S., & Herring, J. (2017). Righting domestic violence.
In Marital Rights (pp. 71-96). Routledge.
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