This document provides an introduction to basic Linux commands and operations including logging in and out, directory structure, navigation, file manipulation, text editing with vi, and input/output redirection. Key points covered include the differences between Linux and Windows, using absolute and relative paths, common file commands like ls, cd, cp, mv, and rm, editing files with vi, and redirecting command outputs with pipes. The document concludes with example tasks to test understanding of basic Linux skills.

1. Linux basic 1&2
by Hideo

2. login/logout
•login : input user account and password
•logout : input exit
2

3. The difference between Windows and Linux
Windows Linux
Paid license Free license
GUI (Graphical User Interface) CUI (Character User Interface)
Remote Desktop teratermpro
Client & Server Server
3

4. Directory Structure
•Directory is a hierarchical structure in
which an apex "/" (the root directory)).
/
usr
local
bin
home var etc
user1 user2
4

5. Basic Command
•pwd : print working directory
•ls : list
•ls -l : list detail
•ls -a : list (include hidden file)
•cd : change directory
5

6. Notation of directory
Directory is a hierarchical structure in
which an apex "/" (the root directory)).
･absolute path :
/usr/local/bin, /home/test
･relative path :
../test (.. : parent directory)
./local (. : current directory)
6

7. Basic Command 2
•cp : copy
•mv : move or rename
•touch : make empty file
•mkdir : make directory
•rm : remove file(directory)
•rmdir : remove directory
•man : manual
7

8. Basic Command 3
•cat : display the contents of a file
•cat -n : grant the line number
•head : display the first ten lines of a file
•tail : display the last ten lines of a file
•grep : searches files for specified words
•wc : word count
8

9. Redirection(<>) & Pipe(|)
•command > file : redirecting the output
•command >> file : appending a file
•command < file : redirecting the input
•command1 | command2 : pipe the output
of command1 to the input of command2
•who : list users currently logged in
•sort : sort data
9

10. vi command (text editor)
vi launches in command mode.
Press i to enter insert mode.
Press escape to exit insert mode.
Type :wq and press enter to save the file and quit.
command mode
insert mode
Esc
i
(a,o)
:wq : save file & quit
10

11. Main command mode commands
•$ : go to the end of the current row
•^(hat) : go to the first character of the
current row
•G : go to the end of the file
•nG : go to 'n' row of the file
11

12. Main command mode commands2
•i : insert mode (before the cursor)
•a : insert mode (after the cursor)
•o : insert mode (under the current row)
•x : delete one character
•nx : delete 'n' characters
•r : replace character
12

13. Main command mode commands3
•yy : copy the current row
•nyy : copy ‘n’ row
•p : paste the copied row
•dd : delete the whole row
•ndd : delete 'n' rows
•/string : find the next string 'string'
13

14. Confirmation Test
• 1. move to /home/test using absolute path.
• 2. move to your homedir using relative path.
14

15. Confirmation Test 2
• 1. copy /etc/passwd to under your homedir.
• 2. modify copy file
- find next word “operator”
- replace “operator” to “test”
- save & quit
15

16. Reference
• UNIX Tutorial for Beginners
• vi tutorial for beginners
16