This document provides a list of linking words used to add information, provide negative or contrasting information, or indicate cause and result in English. It includes conjunctions like "and", "but", and "whereas" as well as phrases like "not only...but also", "although", and "in spite of" followed by examples of their use in sentences. The document is a reference for English learners to help them understand how to connect and structure ideas when writing in English.

1. Linking words

2. Adding information
• And (of course!)
- He is waving his arms and shouting at us.
• Too-> At the end of a sentence.
- Bill would enjoy the match and Tim would
too.
• As well-> at the end of a sentence
- « I’m going to get bread, cheese, tea, and
sugar». «Can you get some milk as well ?»
• As well as + -ving or a noun
- As well as writing, she likes drawing.
- As well as journalism, he likes arts.

3. Negative addition
• Not only (inversion)….. but also
- Not only was the bathroom flooded but it
was full of sewage.
• Neither …..nor
- I neither saw the movie nor read the book.

4. Contrasting Information
• But of course!
- It was cold, but I went swimming
anyway.
• Whereas // While + Clause (SVO)
- He likes broccoli, whereas she hates it
• Although clause (even though
stronger)
• - Although she felt ill, she did the
exam.

5. Constrasting Information
• Though Clause or at the end of a
sentence.
- The room is very small. It’s quite
comfortable though .
HOWEVER After the fact.
-The room is very small.However,
she feels very comfortable.

6. Constrasting information
• In spite of  -ving/ noun
• Despite  -ving / noun
- Despite not linking football, she didn’t
get bored during the match.
- In spite of not liking football, she didn’t
get bored during the match.

7. Constrasting information
• In spite the fact that  clause
• Despite the fact that  clause
• However // Nevertheless 
constrasting ideas in different sentences
- She didn’t like the price.
Nevertheless, she bought it anyway.

8. Purpose
• TO + inf
- She is on a diet to lose weight.
• In order to + inf  (+formal)
- I turned off the TV in order to enable
my roommate to study in peace and
quiet.
• So as to / so as not to + inf
- The lady grabbed the fence so as not to
stumble

9. Cause/ Result
• On page 35 Distinction Student’s Book 2

10. Cause/ Result
• On page 35 Distinction Student’s Book 2