The document is a tutorial on Linked Data that discusses motivations for using Linked Data and provides an overview of key concepts. It summarizes that Linked Data allows publishing structured data on the web using semantic web technologies and standards, creating a single global data space. It outlines the four principles of Linked Data and shows how data from different sources can be interlinked and discovered through resolving URIs. Examples are given of large-scale deployment of Linked Data on the web and in government domains. Applications of Linked Data like browsers, search engines and mashups are also briefly described.
Introduction to semantic web. The first results in publication of library data into the semantic web at the National Széchényi Libary (National Library of Hungary)
This tutorial explains the Data Web vision, some preliminary standards and technologies as well as some tools and technological building blocks developed by AKSW research group from Universität Leipzig.
Introduction to semantic web. The first results in publication of library data into the semantic web at the National Széchényi Libary (National Library of Hungary)
This tutorial explains the Data Web vision, some preliminary standards and technologies as well as some tools and technological building blocks developed by AKSW research group from Universität Leipzig.
The Semantic Web: What IAs Need to Know About Web 3.0Chiara Fox Ogan
This presentation from the IA Summit 2009 will answer the questions “What exactly *is* the Semantic Web? And why should I care?” We’ll discuss how ontologies are similar and different from thesauri and taxonomies. We’ll look at examples of how this technology is being used in the marketplace. We’ll talk about how these concepts can be incorporated into the information architecture work that you are doing today. And where you can go to learn more.
How google is using linked data today and vision for tomorrowVasu Jain
In this presentation, I will discuss how modern search engines, such as Google, make use of Linked Data spread inWeb pages for displaying Rich Snippets. Also i will present an example of the technology and analyze its current uptake.
Then i sketched some ideas on how Rich Snippets could be extended in the future, in particular for multimedia documents.
Original Paper :
http://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=K3TsGbgAAAAJ&authuser=1&citation_for_view=K3TsGbgAAAAJ:u-x6o8ySG0sC
Another Presentation by Author: https://docs.google.com/present/view?id=dgdcn6h3_185g8w2bdgv&pli=1
2017년 4월에 진행된 도서관최신동향 과정에 있었던 발표자료입니다.
서지 분야에서의 Linked Data의 개념과 활용에 대한 내용을 담고 있습니다.
구체적으로는 아래와 같은 내용을 포함합니다.
- Linked Data란 무엇인가?
- 왜 도서관에서 Linked Data를 이야기하는가?
- Linked Data를 누가 쓰고 있나?
An introduction to linked data (semantic web) for a Knowledge and Information Network (KIN) webinar. The presentation shows some examples of linked data in action, data visualization, difference between open and linked data and how linkd data is being used in UK gov and local gov.
Evolution Towards Web 3.0: The Semantic WebLeeFeigenbaum
This was a lecture I presented at Professor Stuart Madnick's class, "Evolution Towards Web 3.0" at the MIT Sloan School of Management on April 21, 2011. Please follow along with the speaker notes which add significant commentary to the slides.
Session 5/8. Content strategy. The Strategic Content Alliance, JISC sponsored workshops on Maximising Online Resource Effectiveness, held on different occasions throughout 2010 and delivered by Netskills.
s developing mash-ups with Web 2.0 really much easier than using Semantic Web technologies? For instance, given a music style as an input, what it takes to retrieve data from online music archives (MusicBrainz, MusicBrainz D2R Server, MusicMoz) and event databases (EVDB)? What to merge them and to let the users explore the results? Are Semantic Web technologies up to this Web 2.0 challenge? This half-day tutorial shows how to realize a Semantic Web Application we named Music Event Explorer or shortly meex (try it!).
What is hot on the web right now - A W3C perspectiveArmin Haller
HTTP and HTML and the Web itself enter their third decade of existence. Still, the Web continues to transform human communication, information sharing, commerce, education, and entertainment. Social networking, cloud computing, and the convergence of Web, television, video and online gaming are among the phenomena stretching the Web in exciting new directions. In this talk, Armin will present what the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overlooking and steering the development of new Web standards is up to for the third decade of the Web. The W3C community is building an Open Web Platform that will enable the Web to grow and foster future innovation. This presentation present technology highlights of 2011 for advancing the Web platform. Focus topics of this talk will be the new HTML5 standard, the Data for Web Applications initiative which includes the next generation of RDF, and standards that allow people to create Semantic Web enabled Web Apps that have access to data from a variety of sources, including data-in-documents (RDFa) and data-from-databases (W3C's RDB2RDF).
PoolParty Thesaurus Management - ISKO UK, London 2010Andreas Blumauer
Building and maintaining thesauri are complex and laborious tasks. PoolParty is a Thesaurus Management Tool (TMT) for the Semantic Web, which aims to support the creation and maintenance of thesauri by utilizing Linked Open Data (LOD), text-analysis and easy-to-use GUIs, so thesauri can be managed and utilized by domain experts without needing knowledge about the semantic web. Some aspects of thesaurus management, like the editing of labels, can be done via a wiki-style interface, allowing for lowest possible access barriers to contribution.
Session 3/8. Priority issues. The Strategic Content Alliance, JISC sponsored workshops on Maximising Online Resource Effectiveness, held on different occasions throughout 2010 and delivered by Netskills.
Otvorené dáta ako kľúčový prvok občianskej participácieGabriel Lachmann
Participatívne plánovanie, riadenie a kontrola samosprávy
Konferencia INSPIRUJME SE..."otvorenosťou" 27.11.2013
Organizujú:
- Slovenská agentúra životného prostredia
- CENIA, česká informační agentura životního prostředí
The Semantic Web: What IAs Need to Know About Web 3.0Chiara Fox Ogan
This presentation from the IA Summit 2009 will answer the questions “What exactly *is* the Semantic Web? And why should I care?” We’ll discuss how ontologies are similar and different from thesauri and taxonomies. We’ll look at examples of how this technology is being used in the marketplace. We’ll talk about how these concepts can be incorporated into the information architecture work that you are doing today. And where you can go to learn more.
How google is using linked data today and vision for tomorrowVasu Jain
In this presentation, I will discuss how modern search engines, such as Google, make use of Linked Data spread inWeb pages for displaying Rich Snippets. Also i will present an example of the technology and analyze its current uptake.
Then i sketched some ideas on how Rich Snippets could be extended in the future, in particular for multimedia documents.
Original Paper :
http://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=K3TsGbgAAAAJ&authuser=1&citation_for_view=K3TsGbgAAAAJ:u-x6o8ySG0sC
Another Presentation by Author: https://docs.google.com/present/view?id=dgdcn6h3_185g8w2bdgv&pli=1
2017년 4월에 진행된 도서관최신동향 과정에 있었던 발표자료입니다.
서지 분야에서의 Linked Data의 개념과 활용에 대한 내용을 담고 있습니다.
구체적으로는 아래와 같은 내용을 포함합니다.
- Linked Data란 무엇인가?
- 왜 도서관에서 Linked Data를 이야기하는가?
- Linked Data를 누가 쓰고 있나?
An introduction to linked data (semantic web) for a Knowledge and Information Network (KIN) webinar. The presentation shows some examples of linked data in action, data visualization, difference between open and linked data and how linkd data is being used in UK gov and local gov.
Evolution Towards Web 3.0: The Semantic WebLeeFeigenbaum
This was a lecture I presented at Professor Stuart Madnick's class, "Evolution Towards Web 3.0" at the MIT Sloan School of Management on April 21, 2011. Please follow along with the speaker notes which add significant commentary to the slides.
Session 5/8. Content strategy. The Strategic Content Alliance, JISC sponsored workshops on Maximising Online Resource Effectiveness, held on different occasions throughout 2010 and delivered by Netskills.
s developing mash-ups with Web 2.0 really much easier than using Semantic Web technologies? For instance, given a music style as an input, what it takes to retrieve data from online music archives (MusicBrainz, MusicBrainz D2R Server, MusicMoz) and event databases (EVDB)? What to merge them and to let the users explore the results? Are Semantic Web technologies up to this Web 2.0 challenge? This half-day tutorial shows how to realize a Semantic Web Application we named Music Event Explorer or shortly meex (try it!).
What is hot on the web right now - A W3C perspectiveArmin Haller
HTTP and HTML and the Web itself enter their third decade of existence. Still, the Web continues to transform human communication, information sharing, commerce, education, and entertainment. Social networking, cloud computing, and the convergence of Web, television, video and online gaming are among the phenomena stretching the Web in exciting new directions. In this talk, Armin will present what the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overlooking and steering the development of new Web standards is up to for the third decade of the Web. The W3C community is building an Open Web Platform that will enable the Web to grow and foster future innovation. This presentation present technology highlights of 2011 for advancing the Web platform. Focus topics of this talk will be the new HTML5 standard, the Data for Web Applications initiative which includes the next generation of RDF, and standards that allow people to create Semantic Web enabled Web Apps that have access to data from a variety of sources, including data-in-documents (RDFa) and data-from-databases (W3C's RDB2RDF).
PoolParty Thesaurus Management - ISKO UK, London 2010Andreas Blumauer
Building and maintaining thesauri are complex and laborious tasks. PoolParty is a Thesaurus Management Tool (TMT) for the Semantic Web, which aims to support the creation and maintenance of thesauri by utilizing Linked Open Data (LOD), text-analysis and easy-to-use GUIs, so thesauri can be managed and utilized by domain experts without needing knowledge about the semantic web. Some aspects of thesaurus management, like the editing of labels, can be done via a wiki-style interface, allowing for lowest possible access barriers to contribution.
Session 3/8. Priority issues. The Strategic Content Alliance, JISC sponsored workshops on Maximising Online Resource Effectiveness, held on different occasions throughout 2010 and delivered by Netskills.
Otvorené dáta ako kľúčový prvok občianskej participácieGabriel Lachmann
Participatívne plánovanie, riadenie a kontrola samosprávy
Konferencia INSPIRUJME SE..."otvorenosťou" 27.11.2013
Organizujú:
- Slovenská agentúra životného prostredia
- CENIA, česká informační agentura životního prostředí
This presentation gives details on technologies and approaches towards exploiting Linked Data by building LD applications. In particular, it gives an overview of popular existing applications and introduces the main technologies that support implementation and development. Furthermore, it illustrates how data exposed through common Web APIs can be integrated with Linked Data in order to create mashups.
Lecture Notes by Mustafa Jarrar at Birzeit University, Palestine.
See the course webpage at: http://jarrar-courses.blogspot.com/2014/01/introduction-to-data-integration.html
and http://www.jarrar.info
you may also watch this lecture at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEgHq2J1OMo
The lecture covers:
- Web of Data
- Classical Web
- Web APIs and Mashups
- Beyond Web APIs and Mashups: The Data Web and Linked Data
- How to create linked-data?
- Properties of the Web of Linked Data
-
Linked Open Data Principles, Technologies and ExamplesOpen Data Support
Theoretical and practical introducton to linked data, focusing both on the value proposition, the theory/foundations, and on practical examples. The material is tailored to the context of the EU institutions.
Putting the L in front: from Open Data to Linked Open DataMartin Kaltenböck
Keynote presentation of Martin Kaltenböck (LOD2 project, Semantic Web Company) at the Government Linked Data Workshop in the course of the OGD Camp 2011 in Warsaw, Poland: Putting the L in front: from Open Data to Linked Open Data
The goal of the Semantic Web is
to create a universal medium for the exchange of DATA.
The Data Web envisions the web as a world-wide interlinked structured data.
This webinar in the course of the LOD2 webinar series will present use cases and live demos of PoolParty (by Semantic Web Company).
Knowledge organization systems like taxonomies or thesauri can benefit from linked data approaches and vice versa. In recent years SKOS became very popular in various industries due to its simplicity, SKOS turned out to be the entry point to the Semantic Web. Learn more about the possibilities to link your enterprise metadata with the web of data! Learn more about the possibilities to link your enterprise metadata with the web of data and PoolParty as means for linked data management!
If you are interested in Linked (Open) Data principles and mechanisms, LOD tools & services and concrete use cases that can be realised using LOD then join us in the LOD2 webinar series!
http://lod2.eu/BlogPost/webinar-series
Linked Data for the Masses: The approach and the SoftwareIMC Technologies
Title: Linked Data for the Masses: The approach and the Software
@ EELLAK (GFOSS) Conference 2010
Athens, Greece
15/05/2010
Creator: George Anadiotis (R&D Director)
This module supported the training on Linked Open Data delivered to the EU Institutions on 30 November 2015 in Brussels. https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/community/ods/news/ods-onsite-training-european-commission
This presentation gives a brief overview on achievements and challenges of the Data Web and describes different aspects of using the Semantic Data Wiki OntoWiki for Linked Data management.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. February 16, 2012
Linked Data Tutorial*
Tomáš Knap, Jindřich Mynarz, Martin Nečaský, Jakub Stárka
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Charles University in Prague
(*Partially based on slides of Chris Bizer [8])
3. Motivational Scenario
Basic Public
Employees Departments Budget Expenses
data contracts
WWW
Business Buyer‘s
page of the ÚFIS ISVZUS gov.cz
Register Profile
institution
Data Consumer: Show me suppliers of the public
contracts for the Ministry of Finance (MF) in the region
Liberec. Show me the data on the Google maps in
iPhone. For every public contract, I am also looking for
the aggregation of all the payments made by MF, link
to their budget and responsible person.
• Where can I get the data about public
contracts, responsible persons, expenses, and
budget of MF?
• How should I aggregate and link the data?
• How can16th February 2012 | data Data the map?
I observe the Linked on Tutorial 3
4. Current Common Practise
Basic Public
Employees Departments Budget Expenses
data contracts
WWW
Business Buyer‘s
page of the ÚFIS ISVZUS gov.cz
Register Profile
institution
3 - Expenses ?
2 – MF public 1 – MF public
contracts + contracts
employees
? Consumer did
not discovered
?
Information Integration very time consuming, boring, and ineffective!
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 4
5. Linked Data - Basics
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 5
6. Linked Data
• Set of best practices for publishing structured
data on the Web in accordance with the
general architecture of the Web
using Semantic Web technologies and standards
Semantic Web is the goal, Linked Data provides
the means to reach the goal
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 6
7. Linked Data Principles
1. Use URIs as names for things
2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those
names.
3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful RDF
information
4. Include RDF statements that link to other URIs so
that they can discover related things.
[Tim Berners-Lee, http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html, 2006]
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 7
8. Architecture of the Classic Web
Single global information space
Small set of simple standards:
‒ HTTP URI
• globally unique ID
• retrieval mechanism
‒ HTML as document format
‒ Hyperlinks to connect everything
Applications work on top of the
complete information space
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 8
9. Web 2.0 APIs and Mashups
No single global dataspace
Shortcomings:
‒ API have proprietary interfaces
‒ No hyperlinks between data items
within different APIs
‒ Mashups are based on a fixed set
of data sources
Web APIs slice the Web into Walled Gardens!
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 9
10. Linked Data
• Extend the Web with a single global dataspace
By using RDF to publish structured data on the Web
By setting links between data items within different data
sources.
Physically distributed, behaves like single dataspace
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 10
11. RDF Data Model
• Flexible graph-based data model [2]
• HTTP URIs take the role of global primary keys.
pd:cygri = http://richard.cyganiak.de/foaf.rdf#cygri
dbpedia:Berlin = http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 11
12. Resolving URIs over the Web
• The HTTP protocol brings together
identification and retrieval
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 12
14. Pubby – Linked Data Browser
http://dbpedia.org/page/Český_Krumlov
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 14
15. Properties of the Web of Linked Data
• Global, distributed data space build on a simple
set of standards
RDF, URIs, HTTP
• Entities are connected by links
creating a global data graph that spans data sources
enables the discovery of new data sources
• Data-coexistence
Everyone can publish data to the Web of Linked Data
Everyone can express their personal view on things
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 15
16. Linked Data Deployment on the Web..
Is it real?
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 16
17. W3C Linking Open Data Project
• Grassroots community effort to
Publish existing open license datasets as Linked
Data on the Web
Interlink things between different data sources
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 17
20. Linked Data Cloud 2011
http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/lod-datasets_2011-09-19_colored.pdf
http://thedatahub.org/
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 20
21. More Statistics
http://stats.lod2.eu/stats
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 21
22. Uptake in Governmental Domain
• The EU is publishing LinkedData
EuroStat
‒ http://estatwrap.ontologycentral.com/
• National efforts
The Government is releasing public data
‒ http://data.gov.uk/
‒ Lots of initiatives in Great Britain
Budget in Germany
‒ http://bund.offenerhaushalt.de/
Open Data in Catalonia
‒ http://opendata.gencat.cat/en/dades-obertes.html
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 22
23. Data.gov.uk
http://data.gov.uk/organogram/cabinet-office
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 23
24. Linked Data Applications
Linked Data Browsers
? ? ??
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 24
25. Search Engines - Sig.ma
http://sig.ma
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 25
26. Mashups – Public Contracts On the Map
http://gd.projekty.ms.mff.cuni.cz:2021/new/map.html
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 26
27. Mashups – Crime, Transport, Education
http://apps.seme4.com/see-uk/
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 27
28. Other Applications
• Browsers:
Disco Hyperdata Browser
‒ http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/rdf_browser/
OpenLink RDF Browser
‒ http://ode.openlinksw.com/
• Search Engines
Falcons
‒ http://ws.nju.edu.cn/falcons/
Watson
‒ http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/WatsonWUI/
• Mashups
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 28
29. Linked Data Applications - Summary
Linked Data Browsers Search Engines Linked Data Mashups
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 29
31. Publishing Tasks – Bizer 38
• 1. Make data available as RDF via HTTP
Requires ways to serialize RDF data model
• 2. Set RDF links pointing at other data sources
• 3. Make your data self-descriptive
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 31
34. RDFa
• A way to directly add RDF to XHTML pages
Provides new attributes to handle additional
markup
• W3C Recommendation, 2008 [5]
• HTML is not extendable
• most RDFa parsers will recognize RDFa attributes in any
version of HTML
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 34
35. RDFa
• Provides new attributes to handle additional
markup, reuses existing
About, resource, …
Href, src, …
• Used with any supported element, prefered:
Span, div (in the body)
a (linking element)
Meta, link (in the header)
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 35
36. RDFa Example
• XHTML page http://example.com/alice/posts/42
• Original XHTML code
All content on this site is licensed under <a
href="http://cc.org/licenses/by/3.0/"> a Creative Commons License </a>.
• XHTML + RDFa
All content on this site is licensed under <a rel=“cc:license"
href="http://cc.org/licenses/by/3.0/"> a Creative Commons License </a>.
• RDF triples destilled from XHTML+RDFa
<http://example.com/alice/posts/42> cc:license
<http://cc.org/licenses/by/3.0/>.
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 36
37. RDF store + Linked Data Interface
• Virtuoso + pubby
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 37
38. D2R server
• A way how to publish data in relational databases as
Linked Data
• Requests from the Web are rewritten into SQL queries
via the mapping.
on-the-fly translation
eliminates the need for replicating the data into a
dedicated RDF triple store.
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 38
39. Publishing Tasks
1. Make data available as RDF via HTTP
2. Set RDF links pointing at other data sources
3. Make your data self-descriptive
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 39
40. 2. Set RDF links
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin>
owl:sameAs
<http://sws.geonames.org/2950159> .
• There are tools to help you generate links
Silk [6]
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 40
41. Publishing Tasks
1. Make data available as RDF via HTTP
2. Set RDF links pointing at other data sources
3. Make your data self-descriptive
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 41
42. 3. Make your data self-descriptive
• Increase the usefulness of your data and ease
data integration
• Aspects of self-descriptiveness
1. Reuse terms from common vocabularies
2. Enable clients to retrieve the schema
3. Publish schema mappings for proprietary terms
4. Metadata
‒ Provide provenance metadata
‒ Provide licensing metadata
‒ Provide data-set-level metadata using voiD
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 42
43. About Vocabularies
• We have to be able to define the meaning of
the subject, properties
Vocabularies, e.g. Public contracts ontology
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 43
44. Public Contracts Ontology
http://purl.org/procurement/public-contracts#
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 44
45. RDFS
• RDFS = RDF Schema
W3C recommendation
‒ http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/
Vocabulary for RDF
‒ Definition of classes
• is:Student rdf:type rdfs:Class
‒ Definition of properties
• is:name rdf:type rdfs:Property
‒ Domains and ranges of properties
• is:name rdfs:domain is:Student
• is:name rdfs:range xsd:string
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 45
46. OWL
• OWL = Web Ontology Language
W3C recommendation
‒ http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/
Ontologies
‒ More complex constructs
• Class or property equivalences
• Cardinality restrictions
• …
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 46
47. 3. Make your data self-descriptive
• Increase the usefulness of your data and ease
data integration
• Aspects of self-descriptiveness
1. Reuse terms from common vocabularies
2. Enable clients to retrieve the schema
3. Publish schema mappings for proprietary terms
4. Metadata
‒ Provide provenance metadata
‒ Provide licensing metadata
‒ Provide data-set-level metadata using voiD
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 47
48. 3.1 Reuse Terms from Common
vocabularies
• Common Vocabularies
Friend-of-a-Friend for describing people and their social network
SIOC for describing forums and blogs
SKOS for representing topic taxonomies
Organization Ontology for describing the structure of organizations
GoodRelations provides terms for describing products and business
entities
Music Ontology for describing artists, albums, and performances
Review Vocabulary provides terms for representing reviews
• Common sources of identifiers (URIs) for real world objects
LinkedGeoData and Geonames locations
GeneID and UniProt life science identifiers
DBpedia wide range of things
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 48
49. 3.2 Enable Clients to retrieve the Schema
• Clients can resolve the URIs that identify vocabulary
terms in order to get their RDFS or OWL definitions.
• If we discover in data URI:
<http://opendata.cz/data/p6/contract/ocz_art_5161>
http://purl.org/procurement/public-contracts#awardDate
"2011-11-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date> ;
• We resolve the URI and get the definition:
RDFS or OWL definition
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 49
55. SPARQL Example - Result
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 55
56. Issues of the Simple Consuming Scenarios
• How to aggregate the data if the links are
missing, the data models (ontologies) differs?
• How to deal with data quality?
Everybody can say whatever he wants!
• Solution: We are developing an infrastructure
for cleaning, linking, and aggregating Linked
Data
Reusing existing technologies, such as Silk
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 56
57. ODCleanStore
• Cleaning the data • Smart data consuming
Custom cleaners Data aggregation (due to
• Linking the data links, ontology
mappings)
Silk
Conflict resolution
• Graphical user interface Data provenance
16th February 2012 | Linked Data Tutorial 57
58. Motivational Scenario - Recall
Basic Public
Employees Departments Budget Expenses
data contracts
WWW
Business Buyer‘s
page of the ÚFIS ISVZUS gov.cz
Register Profile
institution
Data Consumer: Show me suppliers of the public
contracts for the Ministry of Finance (MF) in the
region Liberec. Show the data on the Google maps
in iPhone. For every public contract, I am looking
for the aggregation of all the payments made by
MF, link to their budget and responsible person.
• Where can I get the data about public
contracts, responsible persons, expenses, and
budget of MF?
• How should I aggregate and link the data?
• How can I observer the data on the map?
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59. Goal
Basic Public
Employees Departments Budget Expenses
data contracts
WWW
Business Buyer‘s
page of the ÚFIS ISVZUS gov.cz
Register Profile
institution
ODCleanStore
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61. Linked Data vs. Open Data
Open data are raw data, which are freely
available on the Web to:
• Everyone
• Anytime
• For whatever purpose
• Open data – 3 stars!
4th star: Single and flexible model (RDF) is missing
5th star: Links
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62. Conclusions and Take Away Message
The Power Of Linked Data (5 star data)
• Web-scale data publishing with web-based discovery
mechanisms
• Distributed annotation – make comments about
observations, data series, points on the map
• Easy to reuse
Huge potential when connecting to the cloud, linking the
data, the benefits are growing as the amount of data
published as Linked Data is increasing
• Integration on data level
• Easy to extend (new data properties as required, no
need to be planned up-front)
• Easy to merge – no name clashes!
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63. Future Steps
• If you managed to get interesting data, try to
publish them as Linked Data!
We can help you with the whole lifecycle – creating,
publishing, maintenance of the data
Just create RDF data, we will publish it for you
Just let us know (send us the data), we can publish it
Publish data in the same way, but use global
identifiers according to LD principles
• When the infrastructure (ODCleanStore) is ready,
you can just send us the RDF data using web
service and we will do all the other stuffs –
clean, link, and provide aggregated views.
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65. References
• Textbook: Tom Heath, Christian Bizer: Linked Data:
Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space.
http://linkeddatabook.com/
• [2] http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/
• [3] http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/
• [4] http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/
• [5] http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-syntax/
• [6] http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/silk/
• [7] http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/
• [8] http://static.lod2.eu/isslod/Bizer-LOD2-
IndianSummerSchool.pdf
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Editor's Notes
Domain-specific applications using Linked Data from the Web
Publishing Linked DataRDF data model, ontologies, important vocabularies
Publishing Linked DataRDF data model, ontologies, important vocabularies
As a result:No or restricted reusability of the refined dataNo single model, no global identifiers, general mechanism for linkingStill reinventing the wheel when looking for couple of information distributed among the data sources!
Web-scale data publishing with web-based discovery mechanismsLOD2Develops tools (stack of tools) to work with Linked Data