2. Composition & Source
High-strength steel cords are
applied under the tread of passenger
car tires (and in the carcass of
Carbon black and silica truck tires) while other steel wires
are the basic tire fillers, are located near the bead to
providing the necessary assure adherence to the rim
“structure” to the compound
Other chemicals have Passenger car tires feature
various functions, like rayon or polyester cords radially
oils, zinc oxide or disposed along the carcass
anti-degradants to protect (“radial tires”), while nylon cord
the compound are placed under the tread
or near the bead area
Natural rubber has unique elastic
Synthetic rubber is added properties and is an essential element
to natural rubber to achieve of a tire. Truck tires have an even
the desired elasticity higher natural rubber content
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then passenger car tires
3. Raw Materials of Tire Industry – Overview
(FY 2010-11)
• Tire Industry is highly raw-material intensive. Raw materials cost accounts for approx. 70% of
Tire Industry Turnover.
• Given below is the composition of raw-materials as a percentage (%) of Total Raw Material
Cost:
Natural Rubber 44%
Nylon Tire Cord Fabric 19%
Carbon Black 12%
Rubber Chemicals 5%
Butyl Rubber 4%
PBR 5%
SBR 5%
Others 6%
• 63% of total Natural Rubber consumption is by the Tire Sector, balance by rubber based non-
Tire industries.
• Total weight of raw-materials consumed by Tire industry – 17.50 Lakh M.T.
• Total Cost of Raw Materials consumed by Tire industry – Rs.21,000 Crores
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4. Vulcanization
Process
1. Rubber is mixed with sulfur and accelerators.
2. 10 minutes at 170 C Molded or extruded into
shape.
3. Heated after rubber has taken final form
To improve resilience and elasticity, durability and
utility
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5. MANUFACTURING
Schematic of Tire Production Process
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6. Financial Year 2010-2011 (Est.)
Turnover of Indian Tire Industry Rs. 30,000 Crores
Tire Production (Tonnage) 14.88 lakh M.T.
Tire Production – All Categories (Nos.) 1192 Lakh
Tire Export from India (Value) : Rs. 3600 crores
Number of Tire companies: 39
Industry Concentration 10 Large Tire companies account for
over 95% of total Tire production.
Radialisation Level - Current Passenger Car Tires: 98%
(as a % of total Tire production) Light Commercial Vehicles: 18%
Heavy Vehicles ( Truck & Bus ): 15%
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7. Category wise Tire Production in India
Financial Year 2010-11 - 2011-12 ( April-September)
(In Lakh Nos.)
Tires for: 2010-11 2011-12
Truck & Bus 76.08 77.99
Passenger Car 124.46 134.19
Jeep 7.63 7.47
Light Commercial Vehicle 28.40 34.00
Tractor Front 13.88 14.19
Tractor Rear 9.18 9.73
Tractor Trailer 4.64 4.60
Animal Drawn Vehicle 1.30 1.31
Scooter / Moped 91.61 109.80
Motor Cycle 209.91 229.31
Industrial 3.00 3.36
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Off the Road (OTR) 0.91 0.98 7
8. Estimated supplies of key Tire categories
Production Segmentwise Percentage supply
(Nos.) (as % of Total Production)
Category 2010-11 Replacement OEMs Export
(April- Market
September)
Truck/Bus 7799228 65 21 14
Passenger Car / 14165944 42 53 5
Jeep
LCV 3400113 34 41 25
Tractor Front 1419373 5 44 1
Tractor Rear 972938 34 64 2
Scooter / Moped 10979956 43 53 4
Motor Cycle 22931173 46 52 2
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9. Uses
Transportation Sector
• Pneumatic tires, tubes and automotive belts
Industrial Sector
• Product of material handling like conveyor and transmission belt
• Others like plates, packing & sealing device, gloves , mat.etc
Consumer sector
• Rubber clothing like gloves footwear
• Other products like threads , eraser, golf ball ,mat etc
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10. Disposal/ Dispersal Methods
Energy recovery
Alternative fuel .
Substitute for coal in steel plants.
Reduced emissions.
Lower cost.
Fuel Energy Emissions
(Gigajoule/ kgCO kgCO /
tonne) /tonne Gigajoule
Tires 32.0 2,270 85
Coal 27.0 2,430 90
Pet coke 32.4 3,240 100
Diesel oil 46.0 3,220 70
Natural gas 39.0 1,989 51
Wood 10.2 1,122 110
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11. Disposal/ Dispersal Methods
Material recovery
Construction material
Crumb or ground rubber applications.
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12. Examples Of Reuse
Slope stabilisation
Construction
bale
Erosion control
Coastal and fluvial protection
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13. Examples Of Reuse
Compacted shred
Landfill cell
(geotextile)
Drainage systems
Loose unbound chips : Loose shred
Compacted unbound chips
Bound chips
Building insulation
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14. Examples Of Reuse
Road furniture
Running tracks
Artificial turf
ndoor or outdoor
Children’s play grounds
tiles/pavers Sports arenas
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15. Disposal/ Dispersal Methods
Other Innovative And Emerging Uses For End-of-life
Tires
Electric arc furnaces
and Pyrolysis
De-vulcanization
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Tires and tubes are the largest consumers of rubber. The remaining 44% are taken up by the general rubber goods (GRG) (GRG)-hoses, belts, flooring, toys, gloves, erasers and rubber bandsPicture : http://www.unctad.org/infocomm/anglais/rubber/uses.htm
