KKKM2833 Manufacturing Process of Tyre (Group Tyred) Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment The National University of Malaysia Team's Member 1) Muhammad Aiman Haikal Bin Azlan (Slide Editor) 2) Ahmad Qayyum Hafiez Bin Ahmad Fisal (Slide Editor) 3) Muhammad Hadif Bin Nor Azli (Slide Editor & Video Editor) 4) Nurdiyana Ayunie Binti Mohammad Razak (Information & Data Collector) 5) Vighrama A/L Magesan ( Information & Data Collector)

1. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL & MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
KKKM2823 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
SEM 2 2020/2021
PREPARED FOR:
1. PROF. DR. ANDANASTUTI MUCHTAR
2. DR. NABILAH AFIQAH BINTI MOHD RADZUAN
3. DR. NASHRAH HANI BINTI JAMADON

2. MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
>>> TYRE <<<
PREPARED BY:
TYRED

3. TYRED
GROUP MEMBERS:
MUHAMMAD HADIF BIN NOR AZLI
AHMAD QAYYUM HAFIEZ BIN AHMAD FISAL MUHAMMAD AIMAN HAIKAL BIN AZLAN
NURDIYANA AYUNIE BINTI MOHAMAD RAZAK
VIGHRAMAA A/L MAGESAN

4. WHAT IS TYRE?
A tyre is a strong, flexible rubber casing
attached to the rim of a wheel.
 Provide a gripping surface for traction.
 Serve as a cushion for the wheels of a moving vehicle.
 Found on automobiles, trucks, buses, aircraft
landing gear, tractors and other farm equipment,
industrial vehicles such as forklifts, and common
conveyances such as baby carriages, shopping
carts, wheelchairs, bicycles, and motorcycles.

5. 1. Natural rubbers
•Found as a milky liquid in the bark
the rubber tree, Hevea Brasiliensis.
•Liquid latex is mixed with acids that
cause the rubber to solidify.
2. Synthetic rubbers
•Produced from the polymerization
a variety monomers.
3. Carbon black
•Used as a filler.
•To improve physical properties of
rubber.
•To strengthen the vulcanization
process.
•Crude oil/natural gas is burned with a
limited amount of oxygen, caused
incomplete combustion, and creating a
large amount of fine soot.
4. Sulphur and other chemicals
•Mixed with rubbers and then heated.
MATERIALS OF TYRE
MAIN MATERIAL MINOR MATERIAL

6. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL
 Abrasion resistance
 Resilience
 Elongation
 Highly durable
 Excellent tensile
 Tear resistant
 Excellent low temperature flexibility

7. FUNCTIONS OF TYRE
1. Steering
Regardless of the ground surface or environmental conditions, tyres should guide the car with accuracy.
2. Carrying loads
Tires must bear a ton of weight, normally more than 50 times their own weight, both in action and at
rest.
3.Cushioning
When the tires withstand the shock caused by obstacles or defects on the ground floor, they provide a
comfortable ride for passengers while still guaranteeing the vehicle's long life.
4. Transmitting Drive
Tires transmit drive namely the engine’s usable power, braking effort with the help of the friction.
5. Long-lasting Life
Life of a tyre depends on a variety of factors like quality of contact with the road, load, speed, driving
style etc.

8. PARTS OF TYRE
Tyre is a composite structure consisting of many
parts.
They usually consist of :-
 Bead
 Body
 Belts
 Cap plies
 Sidewall
 Tread

9. FUNCTION OF PARTS OF TYRE
1.Bead
The bead is a steel cord with a rubber coating that keeps the tires in place on the rim while still handling the
force required for installation.
2.Body
This is made up of several layers of different fabrics, which are referred to as plies. The number of plies in a
tire is directly proportional to its power.
3.Belts
While not all tires are belted, those that are have steel belts placed under the tread for reinforcement. They
help to avoid punctures and ensure that the most amount of interaction with the road is possible for added
stability.
4.Cap plies
These are used to keep other parts in place on certain cars and are most often seen in high-performance
tires.
5.Sidewall
This part stabilizes the tire's lateral portion and prevents the body by preventing air from escaping.
6.Tread
The grip of a tire with a deeper tread pattern is better, particularly on soft surfaces. Whereas a shallow tread
pattern offers faster results, it also eliminates the grip needed for traction.

10. MANUFACTURING
PROCESS OF
TYRE

11. OVERVIEW OF
THE TYRE MANUFACTURING PROCESS

12. Compounding and Banbury Mixing
 A Railcars deliver large quantities of natural and
synthetic rubber, carbon black, sulphur, and other
chemicals and oils to create a homogeneous
rubber material.
 By using computer control system, it will
automatically measure out specific batches of
rubber and chemicals for mixing.
 Gigantic mixers will stir the rubber and chemicals
together in batches weighing up to 1100 pounds.

13. Milling
 After the Banbury mixing is completed, rubber is
onto a drop mill.
 The milling process made the rubber into flat, long
strips by forcing it through two set rolls rotating in
different direction speeds.

14. Extruding and Calendaring
 Calendaring operation will continue to shape
rubber.
 It is for prepare compounded rubber as a
uniform sheet of definite thickness and width.
 Also, it is to place a thin coat of rubber on a
fabric and forced the rubber into the interstices
of fabric by friction.
 While extruder functions are forcing the rubber
through dies of appropriate shape made the
large, flat section of tyre treads.

15. Component Assembly and Building
 These consists of a rotating drum, which the
components are assembled and feeding devices to
supply the tyre builder with the components to
assemble.
 After the components are assembled, the tyre is
referred as a ‘green tyre’.

16. Curing and Vulcanization
 Curing press operators place green tyres into the
curing process.
 Then, the press utilizes steam to heat or cure the
green tyre.
 Rubber curing or vulcanization transform the tacky
and pliable material to a non-tacky, less pliable
lasting state.

17. Inspection and Finishing
 It will be performed before the tyre is stored or
shipped.
 The finishing operations trims flash or excess
rubber from the tyre.
 The excess rubber remains on the tyre from vents
in the curing mould.

18. LOCAL MANUFACTURERS IN
MALAYSIA
1. Dunlop Tires Malaysia
 First Malaysian tire factory which was built by Dunlop
Malaysian Industries Berhad (DMIB).
 DMIB, a member of the Sime Darby Group that involved
in manufacturing and marketing of a wide range of
vehicles.
2. Continental Tyre PJ Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
3. Bridgestone Tyre Sales (MALAYSIA) Sdn. Bhd.

20. REFERENCES
• 1. Kumar, S. (2011, September 23). Manufacturing Processes - Tyre. Manufacturing Processes.
https://www.slideshare.net/sateeshin/manufacturing-processes-tyre
• 2. How tire is made - material, history, used, processing, parts, components, composition, steps, product.
.How Tire Is Made.
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Tire.html
• 3.Tyre production. (2021, May 26). Tyre.
https://www.continental-tyres.com.my/car/tyre-knowledge/tyre-basics/tyre-production