Libro Innovative Hospitality ASP

Innovative Hospitality Typologies
WALL_S

Ana Victoria Faría Delfino

Martina Gallia

Yanina Guerzovich

Vincenzo Mongiello

Louena Shtrepi

Principal Tutor:
Corinna Morandi

Ana Victoria Faría Delﬁno

Martina Gallia

Yanina Guerzovich

Vincenzo Mongiello

Louena Shtrepi

W A L L _ S Innovative Hospitality Typologies
EXP-HOST_ Great Events and Hospitality

M U LT I D I S C I P L I NA RY
PROJECT FINAL REPORT

E X P - H O S T _ Great events and hospitality
Milan Expo 2015 and Turin Italia 150:
new concepts and formats for new populations

WALL_S Innovative Hospitality Typologies

Ana Victoria Faria Delﬁno, Architecture (Construction) , Politecnico di Torino

(signature)________________________

Martina Gallia, Architecture, Politecnico di Torino

(signature)________________________

Yanina Guerzovich, Product-Service System Design, Politecnico di Milano

(signature)________________________

Vincenzo Mongiello, Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano

(signature)________________________

Louena Shtrepi, Architecture (Construction), Politecnico di Torino

(signature)________________________

Principal Academic Tutor:

Corinna Morandi, Dept. of Architecture and Planning, Politecnico di Milano

(signature)________________________________________

Other Academic Tutors:
Flavio Boscacci, Dept. of Architecture and Planning, Politecnico di Milano
Alberto De Marco, Dept. of Production System and Business Economy, Politecnico di Milano
Fabrizio Leoni, Dept. of Architecture and Planning, Politecnico di Milano
Francesco Prizzon, Dept. of Building Engineering and Territorial Systems, Politecnico di Torino
Paola Pucci, Dept. of Architecture and Planning, Politecnico di Milano
Andrea Rolando, Dept. of Architecture and Planning, Politecnico di Milano
Luca Tamini, Dept. of Architecture and Planning, Politecnico di Milano
Cino Zucchi, Dept. of Architecture and Planning, Politecnico di Milano

External Tutor(s):
Maria Teresa Broggini Moretto, Comune di Milano – Direzione Attività Produttive
Leonardo Cavalli, One-Works
Elena Milanesi, Assolombarda – Settore Territorio
Giorgio Rabajoli, Ferrino S.p.A.
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INDEX

1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8

2. INTRODUCTION
2.1 General description of the problem of hospitality
during great events – Milan 2015 EXPO as a case study 9

2.2 Quotations of interesting examples of hospitality or problems 10
noticed during previous great events
2.2.1 Hannover 2000 10
2.2.2 Zaragoza 2008 11
2.2.3 Turin events: Torino 2006 and Torino 2011

2.3 Shanghai 2010, test on the field of failures and good practice examples 13

2.4 Why is it better to face the hospitality with temporary
structures and not with new massive buildings 16

2.5 What do we intend as “Temporariness” and “Hospitality” 17

3. USERS’ REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Milano Expo 2015 and its receptivity 18

3.2 Data (visitors, site plan) 19

3.3 Stakeholders 20

4. DESIGN PROCESS
4.1 First ideas on possible solutions: Annexes, Pay per Sleep,
First booking, Temporary Hosting Camps 22

4.2 Places Where to Locate our Hospitality Offer 24

4.3 Different Definitions of Temporariness
Related to Accommodation Solutions 25

4.4 Stakeholders present in Disaster Response
(a possible scenario where to use the hosting units) 26

4.5 A reflection on the Creative Dynamics of our Design Process 27

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5 . S TAT E O F T H E A R T
5.1 State of the Art of Temporary Shelters
Comparison Table with Focus Characteristics for Each Examples 29

6. TOWARDS THE SOLUTION
6.1 Key words 31

6.2 First Explorations and Approaches to the Cell Concept 31

7. WALL_S
7.1 Destination of use 37

7.2 Dimensions 39

7.3 Equipment 40

7.4 Structure 41

7.5 Transport 42

7.6 Assembly 43

7.7 Aggregation 44

7.8 Plants 46

7.9 Durability 46

7.10 PCM
7.10.1. Classiﬁcation of PCM 47
7.10.2. PCMs’ Properties 48
7.10.3. Thermal Storage Unit and Air Exchanger Applications 48

7.11 Comparison between Wall_s and
Already Existing Solution in the Temporary Shelters’ Market Share 49

7.12 Wall_s Experience 51

8. BUSINESS PLAN
8.1 Executive Summary 54

8.2 Product Description 54
8.2.1 Destination of use 55
8.2.2 Dimensions 55

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8.2.3 Equipment 55
8.2.4 Plants 55
8.2.5 Structure 56
8.2.6 Transport 56
8.2.7 Assembly 56
8.2.8 Durability 56
8.2.9 Aggregation 57
8.2.10 Pros and Cons 57

8.3 Strategic Plan 58
8.3.1 Mission 58
8.3.2 Objectives 58
8.3.3 Business Analysis 58
8.3.4 Strength & Weaknesses 58
8.3.5 Opportunities and Threats 58
8.3.6 Strategy 59
8.3.7 Positioning (Brand) 60
8.3.8 Location 60

8.4 Marketing Plan 60
8.4.1 Expo Visitors 60
8.4.2 Travellers (Afetr Expo) 61
8.4.3 Temporary Exhibitions 61
8.4.4 Disasters 61

8.5 Market strategy 61
8.5.1 Product 61
8.5.2 Promotion & Places 61
8.5.3 Price 64

8.6 Operating and Organization Plan 64

8.7 Financial Plan 65
8.7.1 Income Statement 67
8.7.2 Cash Flow Analysis 67
8.7.3 Investment Analysis 67
8.7.4 Sensitivity Analysis 67

9. CONCLUSIONS 71

REFERENCES 73

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Great events are happenings of high profile and con-
tents that even if they only last limited period, they
have significant implications on the economic, social,
institutional and territorial pattern of the hosting re-
gion. Great events vary on scale, content, media cover-
age and target but for the interested area, they always
present an opportunity to gain visibility, to create new
relations and usually, for urban regeneration. However,
they do pose important challenges on hospitality mat-
ters which involve often a necessary dialogue between
public and private institutions. The legacy of a Great
Event can be as beneficial as harmful for the region and
its citizens. Thus, it should be taken well thought holis-
tically. The World Exhibition (EXPO) to be celebrated in
2015 in Milan is an example of this typology and will
be considered as a case study for the research and the
further concept development.

The first part of the work reviews an extensive research
carried out by the team in the first phase of the proj-
ect. The group examined the implications of hospital-
ity solutions and problems in relation to the Milanese
macro-region enlightening the state of the art and the
perspective towards 2015. In parallel, symbolic mean-
ings, impacts and implications of big events have been
thoroughly discussed.

We present a study on previous cities that carried out
great events based on existing bibliography and meet-
ing with academic and professionals on the topics. Spe-
cial attention is paid to the Shanghai Expo 2010, where
on-site research was carried on, which included a visit
to the hosting city and surroundings, a visit to the Expo
and meetings with local experts.

Locally, we met with the actors involved in the Expo
2015. Resulting from those debates and analysis about
the issue of accommodation for the hosting of the tem-
porary visitors of Expo Milan 2015, has emerged as an
unsolved problem. The hospitality market sector in Mi-
lan has been studied. The temporariness of the event
asked for innovative solutions that have this term as
one of the main goals of the project. The next chapters
and annex report a benchmark comparison of tempo-
rary structures.

Finally, a concept to attend Milano 2015 Expo’s hos-
pitality demand and its post event use is presented,
along with a business plan that demonstrate its feasi-
bility and strategy of management.

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2. INTRODUCTION

2.1 General description of the problem of cs and management of the increasing demand of
hospitality during great events – Milan goods and, receptivity in terms of accommodation
2015 EXPO as a case study and other serv ices like restaurants and informa-
tion. Preparing the city for a Great Event means
In 2015 Milan will be part of a long history of World to find solutions to reduce the gap between the
Exhibitions as the hosting city of the EXPO. Since the existing and forecasted offer and demand. This is a
1851 Great Exhibition at London’s Crystal Palace, very complex matter.
World Expositions have been a platform to display
historical experience and the best global practices.
“A world Fair or Expo is a infrequently occurring Looking at the strategies taken in Hanover 2000,
celebration that typically showcases the latest or Zaragoza 2008 and Shanghai 2010 allowed us to
future advances in arts, culture and technology”* . understand how these cities approached these
They foster the exchange of innovative ideas that themes, and in particular hospitality offer and de-
seek to tackle the problems facing mankind in the mand. However, to propose solutions to reach the
future. Expo-sites have left incredible infrastruc- needs of the coming visitors and to avoid the over-
tures in the city such as the Tour Eiffel as well as load, a clear idea about the demand is necessary.
**
redeveloped areas such as the La Cartuja Leisure Even if the focus of this research is not that one
Park created after Seville, 1992. Another recent , it is important to remark that the forecasted vi-
example is multifunctional urbanized area of the sitors for the Milanese Expo have decreased by
Puxi Section of the 2010 Shanghai Expo, which is 10 million during the development of the project.
a promising heritage for the city. Most Expos have Another important element is that the origin of
shown positive effects. For instance, they create the expected visitors and their interests. Thus, we
new investments and temporary employment to should underline the current offer of the hosting
build infrastructure as was seen in the past (Anda- region as well as its opportunities for the future.
lusia, 1992) and nowadays with the enlargement of Nowadays, Milan lacks a clear strategy in terms
the transportation system and belted parks in the of hospitality and self-promotion as a tourist de-
Milanese macro-region. Another important impact stination compared for instance with other major
is the creation of networks based on new cultural, node cities such as Berlin in Germany or Rome in
scientific and technological exchanges and confe- Italy. The EXPO brings a great opportunity to build
rences which bring new commercial opportunities a renovated image of the city and its macro-region
for both hosts and visitors. Furthermore, an Expo in the international context. Valuable legacy of the
region, usually situated on 1.5 million m2, provides event could promote the territory in several areas
an excellent opportunity to expand its possibilities as sustainable pole for tourism, business and re-
for tourism and self-promotion during the opera- search.
tional period (6 months) and after.
The EXPO*** preparation and event is controlled
A hosting city must deal with several critical issues by the BIE. However, the main issues about the re-
liked to the overload of the existing hospitality gional development are decided by the local pu-
infrastructure. This means potential problems in
** The team A had approach this topic, feeding our path
terms of accessibility and transportation, logisti-
with useful and updated information on the visitors profile.
*** Regulations and further information on Expos can be
* Goldblatt, J. Nelson, K.S. (2001), The International Dictio- found on the Bureau Interanal des Expositions BIE website as well
nary of Event Management, John Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 279. as in the 2015 Milano Expo website.

9


blic administrators. Thus they must be considered for the future event of Turin 2011.
as a key stakeholder in any project which involves
the coming World Exhibition. As highlighted by the
Municipality of Milan in the meetings, Expo should
be an opportunity for further development for the
city. It should be a vehicle to accelerate the crea-
tion of new relations with the visitors and territo-
rial transformations, increasing the region’s value.

In this context, some first general questions were
raised in the group: Which are the possible pro-
blems to solve in general? Who owns the pro-
blem? To whom is the problem-solution relevant?
In which stakeholder/s are we going to focus on?
What can technology do for the problem in a cre-
ative and innovative way? From a multidisciplina-
ry view, how can we approach the problem? And,
some possible problems to solve in general came
out: explore innovative typologies of hospitality
of new populations; develop a sustainable solu-
Picture 1: Prevvous EXPO and Turin Events’ Logos
tion; develop a solution thinking of the impact and
opportunities: Before - During - After the Expo; A special chapter will be dedicated to Shanghai
develop a solution that will be beneficial for the 2010 Expo, which we visited, getting a real idea of
community afterwards; find a fast and feasible so- the life in a hosting city and the exhibition.
lution of business model that will be ready for the
event.
2.2.1 Hannover 2000
In order to remain true to its own urban develop-
2.2 Quotations of interesting examples of ment, a completely new-generation district called
hospitality or problems noticed during Kronsberg was build. It aimed to serve the Expo
previous great events needs for hospitality as well as the existing se-
rious housing shortage in Hannover at the time.
Past EXPOs provide a good resource of both good The Kronsberg district is an example of forward
practices and failures during the great event. Mo- planning and building which represents the 2000
reover they allow us to see their post-effect over Expo theme “Humankind – Nature – Technology”.
time. This chapter gives an overview of interesting It was strategically located along the new tramli-
examples, strengths and weaknesses of hospita- ne which links the city centre with the Expo-site.
lity, successful and unsuccessful solutions of past The development followed the regional planning
World Exhibitions. Over the traditional hosting principle, expanding along the local public railway
structures like hotels, “Bed and Breakfast”, tou- concentrating at the stations. Thus, it has a com-
ristic residences, hostels etc., we went through pact structure and high building density organized
examples of great sustainable constructions of in a grid layout. In terms of sustainability, it has
entire residential districts like those in Hannover exceptionally high ecological standards, offering
2000 and Zaragoza 2008, innovative service sy- semi-natural open spaces and above-average qua-
stems like those promoted in Zaragoza 2008,and lity accommodation. Due to the forecasted over-

10


load of visitors which will create a discomfort in and standardized system where citizens made their
the population, the building of new apartments homes available to accommodate visitors. It provi-
was appropriate. The projects were funded by a ded an additional and alternative offer. To manage,
wide range of public and private institutions, in- control and market the service, selecting suitable
cluding the government and a great participation housings, building relationships and training ow-
of the State of Lower Saxony. The Expo staff and ners and managing the booking service, EXPOA-
exhibitors were hosted in about 2.500 apartments. GUA picked a responsible company. 3100 unites
Being one of the largest and most advanced pro- with the minimum number of room and location
grams in Europe by the end of 2000 these tempo- followed the program’s requirements. Two servi-
rary housing facilities were available for rent again. ces were offered. One, named “shared hosting”,
Nowadays, Kronsberg is home of 6600 people with where the owner shares his house with the visi-
3000 residences and near-by work placements. tors and a second one, called “lodging attended”
The architectural style was designed by over forty where the owner offers the use of the house and
architectural and planning studios. Today, it is not facilities. In both cases, the owner was responsible
only linked to the city by public transportation but of providing assistance, cleaning and maintenan-
it stimulates other services like car-sharing, pede- ce. Plus, after the event the houses had to be re-
strian and bike riding. Furthermore, to reduce the turned to the owners.
CO2 emissions it encourages sustainable building
measures for heating, water and electricity use as
well as the design of more open public spaces.

Picture 3: Zaragoza Expo Site
Picture 2: Kronsberg District
Villa Expo, the second project developed by Expo-
agua society, aimed to manage 3 new sets of re-
2.2.2 Zaragoza 2008 sidences near the Expo-site: the “House of Water
Zaragoza’s international exhibition EXPOAGUA Tower”: an over 100 single/double/triple room’s
answered to the hospitality demand with two in- accommodation, the “House Bridge Pavillion”:
novative solutions. Besides from new hotels built 194 beds including studios and one-bedroom
near the Expo-site, the managing organization pro- apartments, and the “River House Aquarius”: 102
moted on one hand the setting up of a Bed and rooms, mostly singles. A public call was developed
Breakfast system and on the other hand, the buil- to select the managing and marketing compa-
ding of dorms next to the Exposition area. nies which would present a quality proposal that
would meet the minimum quality and fixed price.
The first program, called “Programa Alojamiento y The winning organizations had to provide furni-
Desayuno”, focused on developing a well-thought ture, manage the service billing, host the visitors
11


and train the staff. This program as well as the first shbasins, toilets, laundry rooms, etc, one contai-
one followed a Quality Plan which included mini- ning fourteen double rooms, and the last for en-
mum requirements, rules and fixed prices (e.g. 60 trance, reception, supermarket, Internet access,
euro per day for a double room in the B&B and 75 sick bay, etc, together with other minor uses. Ar-
euro in Expo Villa). This temporary management chitecturally, the renovated buildings maintained
was agreed taking into account that they will have their appearance as faithfully as possible, so as not
to return the running facilities after the Expo was to alter the style of the property drastically. Inte-
over. Following the Expo, the buildings were used riors were kept the same criterion and philosophy,
as student dormitories or were sold to special ca- but with adaptations for the proposed use.
tegories of citizens.

Two general criteria were fundamental for the
To complement the Expo Accommodation Net- new buildings: creating a space between the exi-
work, Zaragoza City Council offers alternatives sting buildings and the new ones while achieving a
such as El Canal Campsite, located in the Ecocity, harmonious blend between the architecture of the
Valdespartera, 4 km from the Expo site. The con- two areas. Brise-soleil, use of light and shade, use
dition for building was that the ground could be of compatible materials, blurring of the boundary
used for various alternatives. The camping spaces between interior and exterior, compatibility with
have a flexible layout so that they can be used in other uses, versatility, cleaning and maintenance
an ordered or dispersed way. The green and spor- provisions, etc. amongst other things, are aspects
ting areas together with the camping facilities can that have been taken into account for its con-
be used in different ways, adapting to diverse si- struction. Besides the accommodation, it works
tuations. as a campsite with a large surface area and servi-
ce infrastructure that includes roadways and car
parking. Environmentally, the accommodation was
equipped with a solar energy system, a high-per-
formance solar water heater located on the roof
and a hydraulic unit. Additionally, new buildings
also featured louvred facades to control light and
heat, and to provide good ventilation in the sum-
mer. These simple but carefully thought environ-
mental solutions included also recycling and reu-
sing materials, integrating them with nature.
Picture 4: El Canal Campsite, Zaragoza

Finally, main residential building refurbished for 2.2.3 Turin events: Torino 2006 and Torino 2011
use as a hostel and restaurant and the Warden’s
In the Italian panorama, 2006 Torino Winter
residence renovated to house the campsite ma-
Olympic Games give us an overview of the appro-
nager and storage facility. Stables were reused for
ach on the issue of hospitality taken by the region.
service installations and storage. Services block
This is the only event held in Italy that was compa-
turned into sports equipment storage and green
rable in terms of complexity and international visi-
areas were consolidated and restored as a recre-
bility to the Expo. Even if it presents many differen-
ational area, children’s playground and camping
ces in relation to an Expo in terms of content and
spaces. Indoor football courts were restored as a
extension, it is interesting to see some of the solu-
multi-purpose sports facility and other courts up-
tions provided by public and private stakeholders
graded. Moreover, new buildings were designed:
at the time. Some of the alternatives developed,
three service blocks, one housing showers, wa-
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provide quality accommodation and preserve the agree that the 2011 occasion, as the other inter-
environment. A great number of structures were national events like Expo 2015 can be a successful
built such as “Yes!” hostels and “Doc” Bed & Brea- tool to develop and promote the Italian tourist sy-
kfast showing the enthusiasm, even if the policies stem. For the past 20 years, the city of Turin and
did not always promote the image of the Olympic the surrounding region of Piedmont have been
receptivity. Anyways, some innovative typologies doing an impressive job of bringing about an ar-
explored were linked to the territory and the loca- chitectural, cultural and social transformation,
lity, such as Agroturism and Second-home market. concentrating all their efforts on reaching their full
This last one was a sadly successful since it held potential in 2011. The aim is not to offer the clas-
back the growth of private companies. But it inspi- sic cultural tourism, characterized by passive and
red innovative diffuse receptivity linked with athle- standardized enjoyment, but about real “experien-
tes, guaranteeing subletting contracts. Unluckily, ces” as much active and customized as possible.
the projects came to an end after the Olympics. Many restorations and works on infrastructures
The image of the city was improved, but the lack were completed by 2011 on royal palaces, histori-
of a strategic coordination of public and private cal buildings, parks and green areas. Those places
actors didn’t encourage the diversification of de- were the venues of the event and will host expos,
mand and offer. The lesson was learnt and some shows, conferences and performances.
efforts remained like the training on receptivity
and volunteering which was active towards the
2.3 Shanghai 2010, test on the field of fail-
2011 Italian Unity celebrations.
ures and good practice examples

From the 1st to the 16th of May 2010 our project
team, together with some tutors of the ASP project,
made a study journey to China, during which we
participated on a workshop in Shanghai at the Ton-
gji University, partner of the Politecnico di Milano,
to evaluate the local policies in the field of hospita-
lity in preparation of the Shanghai Expo 2010. The
visit to the city and Expo allowed us to experience
a great event first hand, to live the city and to see
its transformation in terms of infrastructure and
Picture 5: Olympic Village, Turin 2006 economic growth.
To celebrate Italy’s 150th anniversary, Turin and
Piedmont are prepared a grand international hap-
pening, as there was in 1911 and in 1961: an op-
portunity to look back at past glories, but also to
consider the present and take a look at the future
of “the best of Italy”. Three years prior to this ap-
pointment, the Comitato Italia 150 (the committee
that will organize the events in Piedmont) partne-
red with the Tourist Trade Fair in Rimini - Travel
Trade Italia and TTG Incontri to discuss with tour
operators about ideas on how to design tourist
theme packages and holiday offers in Italy. They all Picture 6: EXPO Site’s Maquette at the Shanghai Urban Center

13


Shanghai Expo 2010 is the largest Expo ever seen. visitors. The only innovative intent is represented
Its theme is “Better City, Better Life”. As 55% of the by Chongming Island – not well promoted at all -
world population lives in cities, the Expo’s theme which links accommodation with agricultural ac-
promoting sustainable urban development re- tivities, entertainment and industry, thanks to an
flects a central policy-making concern of the inter- important link made of brand new transport infra-
national community. More than 200 countries and structures with the city.
international organizations are presenting their
creative experience. Any one of the 70 million vi-
sitors expected to attend the Expo is likely to be
overwhelmed by the possibilities. Our visit to the
Expo, the hosting city and surroundings such as
the Chong Ming Island Project allowed us to see
its approach to the theme and to live a great event
first hand.

Picture 8: Project Team during the visit at the ChongMing Island

Links between the Expo and the city, in terms of
activities related to the theme, were completely
absent. Considering that as international visitors,
out of 8 days, we spent just one day at the Expo,
its experience was very limited and left us few
insights related to the theme “Better City, Better
Life”. It could have been interesting the creation of
strong activities and networks such as “fuori Expo”.
Picture 7: Project Team during the visit at the International
For example the Urban Center of Shanghai, being
Shanghai EXPO
so involved in the theme of the Expo, should have
After the visit to the Shanghai EXPO site, we had been a stronger promoter of activities.
a couple of meetings in the Tongji University, after
which some critical remarks were drawn:
Solutions like the reuse of buildings at the Expo’s
In terms of Hospitality, one of the problems identi- site are interesting because they integrat existing
fied was the lack of info: the Expo info points give structures with new technologies and services.
very basic information about the Expo and no in- Some examples of services structures (toilets, wa-
formation about how to find accommodation in ter providers, bars, info points, souvenir shops,
the city. A good suggestion for future events could etc.) were designed with interesting features, in
be the creation of a system of info points that have those examples the skin has also a big importance
information about Expo and tourism, both digi- but a structural function as well.
tal and face-to-face. In addition, we haven’t seen
innovative typologies of accommodation. Big ho-
The content of the Expo and its potential. We con-
tels seem to be the only solution to this problem.
sistently found a lack of contents related to the
Maybe the extremely rapid growth of the city can
theme of the Expo. Inside the pavilions the ex-
provide conventional accommodation for all the
perience was more related to communicate “the
14


power of the country” than the real effort of it in but it is interesting the mechanisms used to finan-
developing a better life style. In the North area ce the tool with plenty of commercials. To impro-
of the Expo, the theme was expressed better but ve this subject, real time information concerning
still it was not very innovative and only cases were the content of the Expo, pavilions and events on
shown. The level of deepening of the examples digital screens, internet, and personal mobile pho-
was very basic; it was not expected to be shown nes would have been preferable instead of totems
to a public of experts in that sector but just to eve- and volunteers. Looking at the huge distances in
ry people. Also, there was a weak application of the site these kinds of services would have helped
the concept of “Better City, Better Life” in terms of in moving around in an efficient way. It would be
transportation and energy use in the Expo. There nice to receive instant information (for example on
were ecological buses, new green areas, recycling Bluetooth devices) about what is going on in the
bins but not significant use of others like photovol- pavilions in order to be able to decide either to vi-
taic sources or services like bike sharing. We think sit it or not, hence optimizing the experience and
it is important to develop meaningful content that the queue time.
allows the visitor to interact with the theme, brin-
ging home some new learning. Another element
missing was an active interaction of the visitors.
We believe that everyone should have been able
to input his own “better city” experience to lea-
ve a footprint (at the event should be a progress
and deep learning) and maybe leave to the visitor
a souvenir of experiences.

Information and Communication. We noticed a ge- Picture 9: Digital Screen, Equipment of some Taxis in Shanghai
neral lack of information and communication tools
In relation of innovative solutions we felt that no
both in the city and in the Expo site; contents, or-
unitary action and cohesive use of innovation wi-
ganization, events, accommodations, facilities and
thin the Expo intervention was present; neither
logistic info were not clearly and easily conveyed.
conceptual nor technological intervention upon
Traditional info points have been placed throu-
the theme has been realized, for example two “in-
ghout the whole site; but the volunteers working
novative” experiments have proved to have been
there were not efficient. Furthermore, paper ba-
unsuccessful: 1. Taxi screens giving only tourist
sed documentation was limited and incomplete
oriented information (shopping, leisure, etc.) 2.
and it didn’t give any useful information about the
The ICT Pavilion proposing a superficial personal
contents of the pavilions, so that the choice of en-
device oriented interactive experience. From our
tering in a pavilion was only decided upon the ex-
viewpoint, concrete, accurate and user-oriented
terior appeal, and in this way useless queue were
technological devices, in order to personalize pe-
often done. Moreover no interaction between the
ople’s experience, activities and mobility patterns
pavilions and the hosted events, if present, becau-
should be incorporated in this type of events.
se there was no real time communication about
what was happening in the different pavilions and
in general in Expo site. The only working interactive The problem of the scale of the Expo. The Expo site
communication tool has been placed in taxis, whe- is in the city centre, so it is easily to reach by visi-
re a digital screen gives very few static information tors thanks to a well connected transport network
about the Expo and the city, it doesn’t give any both into the Expo site and Shanghai city. Further-
help with the communication with the taxi driver, more, in this case, the Expo site is closed to a cre-
15


ative area, so that the opportunity of reusing is colossus. Since a new bridge/tunnel connecting
improved. However, although the Expo is near the Chongming to Shanghai has being planned, the
city centre, there is no interface between the city island has been placed directly in the path of the
and the site. In fact there are no events in Shanghai seemingly unstoppable Shanghai sprawl. For this
that involve citizen and visitors together. Even if reason, in 2004 a competition for the urban de-
the masterplan is well organized the perception of sign of the island was promoted and the SOM
the visitor is confused. That situation is due to a (Skidmore, Owings and Merrill LLP) team won it
gap between the Expo scale and the human sca- with a “green” proposal based almost completely
le. Regarding Milan Expo 2015, even if the scale is on best-practices principles of sustainability. SOM
not comparable, the masterplan should consider uniquely focused on Chongming’s agrarian orien-
the perception of the site from the visitor point of tation as the key to sustainable plans for new envi-
view and consider better the post Expo phase. ronmentally-based communities that allowed the
preservation of farming as the core function.

In relation to the visitors target, the Shanghai Expo Among the objectives planned for this new urban
has a didactical aim for Chinese people and other expansion there is the creation of a new offer in
“common” tourist, in order to make them know the tourism field addressed to a target of people
more about the other countries and cultures of who enjoy the outdoors and new contexts. Speci-
the world. To improve this aim the exhibition could fic structures like European country’s houses are
join learning and make experience, while for ex- about to be built. In the original plan a good per-
pert visitors the exhibition should give more tech- centage of them should have been ready to host
nical and technological information and innovative the flow of Expo’s visitors but some delays made it
projects. impossible. We managed to visit anyway the only
one almost complete. It’s real news for the Chine-
se touristic market and it seems to be able to inter-
cept a very big portion of it. The tendency already
clear in the western countries of the “coming back
to nature” spirit is fashionable even in the less en-
vironmental eastern country. It has been for us the
confirmation that the investments in the sector
have well perspectives of success.

2.4 Why is it better to face the hospitality
Picture 10: UK Pavillion at the Shanghai International EXPO 2010 with temporary structures and not with
new massive buildings
Chong Ming Island: During the trip to Shanghai, one
day has been dedicated to the visit of Chongming We analyzed deeply the pros and cons between
Island, the seat of a new utopian urban plan, which the two proposals, which are two options that
involves also an innovative offer in terms of holi- the actual hosting situation offers to users. These
day accommodation. Located some 20 miles east analyses aimed to get the best features of both so-
of Shanghai’s downtown Financial District and se- lutions by integrating them in the design process
ven miles across the Yangtze by ferry, Chongming’s and in the creation of the entire service system.
extraordinarily rich, flood-replenished soil had for
decades made the island-district the agricultural With the description “massive buildings” we refer
“rice bowl” for China’s burgeoning commercial to the common hosting structures like hotels, re-

16


sidences which are located inside buildings as we invitation and is happy to get in a deep relation-
usually are used to think about. The pros of these ship with him/her. The hosting place is a physical,
structures are those of durability of construction social and cultural context that is generated by the
materials through time, static and permanent po- host and that may be enriched by the guest. Public
sition on the urban territory which is seen as a kind spaces in this perspective recover the role of phy-
of guaranty to people who think about hotels as sical and symbolic meeting place between guests
a temporary home, the costs of construction and and hosts: beautiful places, expression of the lo-
material transportation is done once while buil- cal historical and cultural values, but also places
ding the project, but there are also some cons like for relaxation, entertainment and for events. Ho-
the stability of the offer to the increasing demand sting during great events is a temporary action but
of hosting, so presented as a limited capacity of should be thought as an opportunity for further
accommodation and on the contrary to a low de- development. Thus, we think temporariness not as
mand the offer is high and so these structures be- an isolated provisory moment for the city but as an
come useless and the maintenance costs raise up. explosion that could leave meaningful blueprints.
Now days, when green and recreation areas are We approach the design for temporary hospitality
few and very important and very required places as regenerative solutions that valorizes the hosting
that give value to the territory, it becomes impor- places (i.e. the local existing resources), offers the
tant not to occupy them with impacting structures residents new opportunities (i.e. new services for
of concrete or other common construction mate- the residents and for the guests), promotes new,
rials. In order to go through all these existing ne- deep forms of intercultural relationships like bet-
gative aspects we saw in the temporary structures ter understanding of the place and people, on the
the flexibility due to the management and design guests’ side, and more open and cosmopolitan
process; the synchronized system offer-demand; ideas, on the hosts’ side. Contemporary cities that
the fair impacting aspects on the urban and ru- want to remain attractive in the global competition
ral areas; the low maintenance costs in terms of and play a welcoming role internationally have to
storage, transport and assemblage; and, the most equip themselves in response to the new tourism
interesting aspect that this solution allows was behaviors and demands. The goal of welcoming
the experiencing of new accommodation forms by cities should be: to include the heterogeneous,
camping near unusual contexts like city centers, individual demands rather than select and foca-
rural houses, parks etc. It also offers a new way of lize just on one specific (high) target; to develop
optimizing the relation of the user in approaching new solutions that are economically accessible,
the city and its activities. The temporariness of the to find ways of integrating local communities and
hosting structures becomes coherent to the tem- foreigners rather than keeping them in two diffe-
porariness of the event itself allowing to the ho- rent environments without contact and sharing
sting cities to enlarge their accommodation capa- of experiences; to spread the tourist flows over
city without risking to build great structures which the territory rather than limiting them to the city
would be empty and useless structures once the centers. Accommodation strategies in welcoming
event finishes. cities have to offer a system of solutions that is:
highly differentiating and able to answer to the in-
creasingly heterogeneous demand; “flexible”, able
2.5 What do we intend as “Temporariness”
to adapt with the changing flows of arrivals during
and “Hospitality”
the whole year; “inclusive” and “disseminated”,
able to connect visitors of different ages and from
For us ideally, a host is an actor living in a place in
different backgrounds and link them to the local
which he/she is happy (and proud) to invite some-
community and to different local realities.
body else. A guest is an actor that accepts the host’s
17


3. USERS’ REQUIREMENTS

In order to elaborate an adequate problem setting landscape and environmental interest. Moreover,
from the general topic proposed “EXP-HOST: Great the region is promoting new environmental and
events and hospitality. Milan Expo 2015 and Tu- landscape paths strictly linked with national and
rin Italia 150: new concepts and formats for new international initiatives that will bring new touri-
populations”, great events experienced have been stic attractiveness to the area.
studied through dedicated bibliography, web in-
formation and on-site visits. The previous events
The Milan Expo will not occur in an isolated man-
information as well as the meetings with academic
ner. Its program of events will integrate seamlessly
and external tutors who follow the project allowed
into the overall national program of events in Italy.
us to understand their approach to hospitality, the
The country is already planning a great number of
legacies and its main impacts on the city and eco-
activities of international scope during the Expo
nomy. After the problem setting phase, the rese-
period that will exert a strong draw both for Italians
arch was focused on the selected specific theme:
and for visitors from abroad. The Expo will offer ex-
the design of innovative hospitality structures for
cellent opportunities for partners hips with other
Milan Expo 2015. We decided to narrow the project
Italian cities or sister events that will catalyze the
to Milan Expo 2015 because we think it presents
interest of millions of potential visitors. Examples
larger unsolved issues to absorb the demand on
range from food events in Rome to Music and Li-
hospitality. Thus we aim to propose a system that
terature events in Umbria, in the period from May
could be adapted to smaller events such as Turin
to October.
Italia 150 but we find that Milan Expo 2015 would
be a better context, due to the resources and time-
frame, to explore new concepts. Other important projects are being developed for
the great event, which include the revalorization of
existing areas and the building of new infrastruc-
3.1 Milano Expo 2015 and its receptivity
ture. An interesting example is this project, loca-
ted away from the main Expo site, is based on the
The Expo provides important opportunities for
idea of creating a post-Expo learning park, where
the city and region. Its urban region has 9 millions
users will be able to pick up appealing information
of inhabitants and economy devoted to services
about water and nutrition. Water as a primary ele-
and knowledge with an interconnected net of ex-
ment of the life and food cycle is the topic that will
cellences. The exceptionality of the functions al-
be developed along this route. A vast network of
ready active in the area create a great source of
green areas (around 800 hectares) will be created
attractiveness in different sectors such as busines-
along and around a trail of around 20 km, which
ses and fairs, health and research, creativity and
can be covered on foot, by bicycle, by low-energy
innovation and, education and culture. Today the
vehicle, on horseback (in some stretches in green
touristic system is focused on the business sector,
areas) or by boat (along the Naviglio Grande). A
leaving with no answer big segments of demand
second project called the “Land Way” consists of
and bringing in action only a minimal part of the
a visitor and theme trail which connects a num-
potential positive synergies with the territories.
ber of locations and buildings of special note, and
Thus, the Expo with its theme “Feeding the pla-
which leads from the Darsena (the docks on the Po
net, energy for life” brings significant opportuni-
river) to the future Expo-site, a symbol of tomor-
ties to promote the territory attractiveness and a
row’s Milan.
sustainable form of tourism through the growth
of a hospitality offer linked with the places with a

18


Milan maintains a very widespread and far-rea- we think that a competitive, touristic and syner-
ching network of international relations whose gic strategy is necessary and innovative receptivity
complexity defies exhaustive description. Milan models have to be developed.
is interconnected with the rest of the world via a
quantity of active relations that cannot possibly be
3.2 Data (visitors, site plan)
listed in their entirety. However, we shall cite some
of the best known. La Scala theatre is a world re-
The Exposition, which will cover a total area of ap-
ference point and symbol of lyric opera. Milan’s
proximately 210 hectares, of which 110 hectares
two powerhouse football teams, Inter and Milan
shall be for Exposition areas and other activities,
are always a force to be reckoned with at any in-
will be located on a stretch of land adjacent to the
ternational soccer event. Leonardo da Vinci’s Last
new fairground complex in Rho Pero. The event
Supper is a primary destination for myriads of tou-
will open on May, 1st 2015 and close definitely on
rists from all over the world. Milan is also enga-
October, 31st 2015. One or more visiting days will
ged in flourishing international business relations
be organized before the official opening date, for
via its outstanding and universally recognized
special categories of guests such as press repre-
fashion houses. Its public institutions, such as the
sentatives.
Milan Trade Fair and the Chamber of Commerce,
are very active in developing international trade According to BIE** estimates, the number of exhi-
relations. Fiera di Milano has established 43 fo- bitors requesting to participate in Expo 2015 Milan
reign offices, which maintain stable relations with will fall into the range of 175 to 190. The above
64 different countries around the world. Through total includes at least 120 guest countries, the Ita-
its Promos network in 17 different countries, the lian Government, 20 Italian Regions and national
Milan Chamber of Commerce implemented more organizations, 10 international organizations, and
than 100 internationalisation initiatives. 25 corporate exhibitors, for a total of 175 partici-
pants.
According to Istat* , in Lombardy, tourist come in
first place for Business travels, second for 1 to 3 As a general quantitative reference, we take into
days trips and just then the region is recognized account the information in the Dossier from BIE of
as an attractive pole for leisure activities with an the expected demand for the Expo 2015 (29 mil-
over 4-day stay. Milan offers in terms of hospitality lion visitors), updating it with the last news on the
around 1000 receptivity structures including ho- expected demand. Focusing on our target defined
tels, Bed and Breakfast, Renting Housing, Hostels as “new populations” we will use as a reference
and Farm Accommodation, which represent a very the research done by the Team A about the visi-
small part of the total. In Lombardy, 4 to 5 stars ho- tors’ profile and forecast. From our focused rese-
tels represent 54 per cent of the offer (Rome 48%), arch, we have found that these “new populations”
while 1 to 2 stars hotels represent just 8% of the are interested in non-traditional accommodation
total accommodation (Rome 15%). such as camping or couch surfing in cities like Milan
mainly because they seek a different experience.
Summing up, there is a significant gap between Other reasons expressed are related to the lower
demand and supply. In the urban regions most cost, to way to socialize and meet new people and
of the touristic structures are not adequate both an enjoyment of the outdoors and new contexts.
from a qualitative and quantitative point of view
for all targets. Moreover, there is a lack of abili- Observations
ty in answering to new populations’ needs. Thus, This chapter has pointed out the existence of an

* www.istat.it ** Bureau International des Expositions

19


unsolved demand of a new kind of accommoda- • Chamber of Commerce of Milan and Turin
tion to host the emergency situation of Expo 2015 Private Companies:
visitors in the macro-region Milan-Turin that till • Oneworks (private construction company) has
been seen as a potential developer of the solution
today isn’t answered. The request is bounded to
proposed and is therefore interested in its feasibil-
“new populations” who are looking for an alterna- ity in technical and economical terms.
tive solution to their needs: experience, engage-
ment and networking. Expo 2015 is an opportunity Public/Private Partnerships:
for the city to promote its image of host-city in a • Assolombarda (institution gathering industry and
meaningful way that will leave a trace for future entrepreneurship organizations in the territory)
development. Thus it must build up an accommo- has the aim of increasing the economical, social
and cultural value of the macro-region to attract
dation system to satisfy the demand of its tempo-
new investments.
rary citizens but giving an answer to the after-Expo • Investors
scenario. In the present work, an innovative an-
swer to such question is proposed; sketching out Developers and Consultants:
the main characteristics of an innovative typology • Boston Consulting Group, Accenture, Mc Kinsey.
that could be added to existing resources of the They would confirm the effectiveness of the busi-
macro-region to expand their hospitality offer but ness plan proposed and therefore the return on
the investment.
also that could be a flexible asset for the region for
future needs. Users
• Macro-region citizens, who have been considered
the true owners of the output, especially in its
3.3 Stakeholders
post-event phase. For them it is necessary to cal-
culate the after event legacy so to maximize its op-
Since the first meetings we were asked to identi- portunities and reduce the costs
fy the stakeholders of our project, some of them • Visitors, who are the temporary owners of the out-
were already involved in our meetings as external put of the project; they have expectations regard-
tutors and started contributing on the definition ing their Expo experience that need to be fulfilled
of the project since the beginning, it was therefo- through a particular (customized/ personalized)
re just during the 2010 ASP Winter School, leaded product-service systems.
by Professor Bruno Dente, that we made a more
Together with that it was listed also a series of
refined analysis about that. The actors that at that
practices, useful to improve the Expo positive ef-
stage we had identified as involved in our project
fects also in long term perspective:
are the followings:

Government: Public Policies to encourage Territorial Develop-
• Ministry of Tourism, which will have to pro- ment:
mote the Milan macro-region, spread information Territorial Promotion: Valorization of Milan territo-
about the event and the macro-region opportuni- ry
ties, especially in terms of accommodation.
Transportation: Encourage public transport, inte-
Local Administration: grate public/private transport, develop ecological
• Municipality of Milan (governmental institution in means of transport (bike sharing, car pooling, taxi
the region) which will have to deal with the loca- sharing).
tion of the solution according with the Urban Plan
laws, will have to promote the Milan macro-region Guarantee a Certain Level of Demand: Strong mar-
and optimize the already existing resources on the keting commitment with effective advertising.
territory.
20


Security: Provide more forces to face the possible about the definition of new populations to which
risks incresed by the flow of visitors in the city. address our proposal. The requests of this target
had emerged from the questionnaire sent to the
Economical incentives: Encourage in an economi- selected sample of respondents***
.
cal point of view the different iniciatives proposed
by the private investors.

Some of the stakeholders listed have shown during
the further development of the project an increa-
sing active participation and interest.

Dr. Maria Teresa Broggini (Municipality of Milan)
raised up the possibility of the creation of a society
of services for the management of the hospitality
solution which, she stressed, couldn’t be done by
the Municipality itself by just financing it; moreo-
ver she approved our idea of a link between the
existing Cascine’s network and the new hospitali-
ty structures, and encouraging us to deepen that
path she put us in contact with people working in
the census of all the existing structures.

Assolombarda as well has always been very care-
ful in noticing the feasibility of our project and has
pointed up to us the importance of some steps of
the business plan.

EXPO2015 S.p.A., the institution in charge of the
development of the Expo site, was moreover con-
sulted when it was under discussion the potential
location of our interventions. The meeting was
useful to have a better understanding of the Expo-
site in its extended urban planning and approach.

Together with them, other external tutors were in-
terviewed according with the new aspects arisen
by the deepening of the project. It is the case of
the firm Ferrino with which we get in touch du-
ring the design phase, when we start facing some
technical problems. Thanks to the meeting with
Dr. Rabajoli (Ferrino S.p.A.), who gave us the con-
solidated experience of who works in the field, we
solved important doubts. The visit to the 50° Salo-
ne Nautico in Genoa helped us as well about parti-
cular technical solutions.

For what concerns our users we decided to adopt *** A broader explanation of the target was done by Team A
the results of the research conducted by Team A and is further developed under the title “Target”

21


4. DESIGN PROCESS

4.1 First ideas on possible solutions: An-
nexes, Pay per Sleep, First booking,
Temporary Hosting Camps

Objectives assigned to the team

The project explores a topic which will be in the
agenda of public actors and at the same time at
the attention of private developers in the next ye-
ars. The Milan Expo 2015 event will attract millions
of people (20 millions are expected according to
the official documents of the Expo board) and the
impact on public policies - on one side - and on
real estate sector strategies- on the other side -
will be very strong. In 2011 Torino (together with
Milano, Firenze, Roma) will host the celebrations
for the 150th anniversary of the Unity of Italy. The-
se events will be characterized by important urban
transformation and by exceptional incoming of vi-
sitors.

Our object of study, the theme of Innovative ho-
spitality typologies, has been introduced in the
Project program raising the following questions:
how can we experiment innovative formats of
structures for hospitality, which allow to better
match the demand of different people attracted
by great events, especially non-traditional “popu-
lations”? Can we think about new typologies of
physical structures, integrating different functions
and activities, with characters of flexibility, possibi-
lity of re-use according to the changing demand?

From the starting point to the different phases of
the problem setting of the project we were fasci-
nated by key words like flexibility, innovation, ho-
spitality, sustainability in relation to the architec-
tural and business aspects of the project. In the
contemporary city community dynamics are very
strong, with difficult effects to forecast on traffic
and mobility services and on tourism services. We
were as well intrigued to understand which new,
non traditional actors could be included in an in-
22


novative pattern of profit and non-profit entrepre-
neurship to realize innovative typologies. This kind
of project may be faced as a typical innovation
process: the focus is on the actors that may help
us to design something new and not only on the
final users.

The present Milanese region does not provide a
hospitality option to “new populations” in order to
host the visitors during Expo Milan 2015. Moreo-
ver we understood that there is a need for true su-
stainable solutions in terms of absorbing the peak Picture 11: System Map_Cell Management
demand in great events thinking in the future of
the investments done. We see that, it is an oppor-
tunity for the city to improve its offer. We aim to
develop a long-term strategy for re-using the ho-
sting structures built up for the event, promoting
a sustainable paradigm of receptivity based on exi-
sting resources, building a legacy in terms of cul-
tural exchange among young people, citizens and
foreigners, connecting new stakeholders.

First possible outputs related to the specific theme
of our ASP project
Picture 12: System Map_Cell Re-use
• Meta-projects of innovative hospitality structures
• Repertoires of innovative formats
• Site specific projects in Milan and Turin and in their
metropolitan areas
• Low budget innovative and non-traditional hospi-
tality proposals for specific targets of users
• Innovative models of hospitality structures man-
agement

Starting from this first attempt of explaining the
theme of hospitality and temporariness, we came
up with different scenarios as possible approaches
to the issue of hosting the temporary Milan Expo
Picture 13: Overelevation - Annexes Concept
visitors but also thinking on the future implications
for the city.
Chain Reservation
We brainstorm about innovative hospitality solu-
tions thinking about the impact and opportunities:
Before-During-After Expo scenarios. We came out
with different proposals of architectural configura-
tions and services :
Picture 14: Chain Reservation Concept
• Annexes, Over-Elevations, Attached Spaces. Use the

23


top of the buildings to set either fixed of temporary ry Hosting Camps.
hospitality structures, according with the “Piano
Casa” new prescriptions, which attract particular 4.2 Places Where to Locate our Hospitality
targets of visitors and make the locations part of a Offer
circuit of interest for the callers.
Some areas have been found that could be promi-
• Pay per Sleep Service. Basic accommodation to give
sing for the location of the proposed accommoda-
accommodation on the move paying just for the
usage time for short time visitors. tion solutions during the Expo. The chosen areas
are interesting due to the relation with the theme,
• Full Booking. Develop a way to manage booking us- the possibilities to create new relations and renew
ing strategies like last minute - low rates in order to the image of the region looking towards new pos-
be able to absolve the demand changes. sibilities in the future. Moreover, these areas are
currently developing projects on hospitality for the
• Macro-region Chain Reservation. Development of
2015 Expo Milano and are backed by our reflection
a chain of hotels located in the macro-region that
gives the opportunity to have access to the differ- on the research done together by the Team A who
ent branches while discovering the macro-region focus on the target and the localization. After the
circuit-tour. meeting with Dr. Maria Teresa Broggini (Munici-
pality of Milan), potential localization place were
• Temporary Hosting Camping. Basic structures easy suggested could be some selected farmhouses
to assemble, for the accommodation of groups. An out of the 58 cases* as well as the park areas as
accommodation in between the already existing
the Green Way Lombardia or Parco della Via d’Ac-
basic tents or the more fixed containers, both from
the structural point of view and in terms of costs. qua, which are part of the valorization research
A new concept of unit that will go to compose the projects of the Municipality of Milan. Our propo-
emergency camps, reusable for great events or as sed solution will act as a support to existing activi-
first shelter for immigrants / refugees / militaries. ties to extend the offer and give a better response
to the peak demand. The locations where to set-
Our first idea was to create a business model which tle it could be promising points to set temporary
allows us to develop all of the five concepts in pa- hospitality offers, expanding the knowledge of the
rallel fulfilling the total amount of hosting demand visitors about the region and creating new local
through different percentages of each proposed opportunities for future development.
solution. However, after deepening the approa-
ches, we have realized that each proposal was too
different from the others and needed a separate
study. We found conflicting elements and very di-
verse objectives. For instance, the solution which
involves the Piano Casa would need a legal consul-
tancy to understand how we could take advantage
of it in our idea of annexes and over-elevations in
the Piemonte-Lombardia macro-region. We soon
realized that its feasibility would be compromised
by the difficulty of the management of a multipli-
city of private micro-intervention all different one
from the others. Picture 15: Settlements’ Typhologies

The proposal that, together with the tutors we de-
* Stefano Boeri (Multiplicity.lab), Le Cascine di Milano Ver-
cided to follow was finally the one of the Tempora-
so e Oltre Expo 2015, AGF, Milan 2009
24


The Expo will be a great opportunity to exploit the Transitional shelter: shelter which provides a ha-
experiential marketing, that means to leverage on bitable covered living space and a secure, healthy
the Expo as a window to guarantee visibility to the living environment, with privacy and dignity, to
solution proposed and the places where it will be those within it, during the period between a con-
located. The customers hosted in those places may flict or natural disaster and the achievement of a
want, after their stay, to come back in the future or durable shelter solution.
at least share their experience to a bigger network
of people. Settlement: a community of covered living spa-
ces providing a healthy, secure living environment
with privacy and dignity to those groups, families,
and individuals residing within them.
4.3 Different Definitions of Temporariness
Related to Accommodation Solutions Shelter sector: abbreviation of the term ‘site selec-
tion, planning and shelter sector’, describing that
The term ‘transitional settlement’ (TS) has been
part of the ‘transitional settlement sector’ which
defined by a peer review process initiated by Shel-
responds to the transitional settlement and shelter
ter Project and continued by Shelter Centre. It me-
needs of refugees, within the mandate of UNHCR.
ans:
Shelter: a habitable covered living space, providing
“settlement and shelter resulting from conflict and
a secure, healthy living environment with privacy
natural disasters, ranging from emergency respon-
and dignity to those within it.Shelter system: the
se to durable solutions.”**
combination of structural shelter items and ‘shel-
The word originates from an approach which ex- ter NFIs’ (non-food items) which create shelter,
tends beyond the traditional response, with its such as tents with locally procured blankets and
limited focus on the provision of planned camps. mattresses, and possibly stoves, appropriate to a
The new approach considers the wider impacts cold climate.
of settlement and the options for settlement, em-
Provisional: that is not definitive, long-lasting, sta-
phasizing the need for a transition to durable set-
ble, to be replaced or modified.
tlement solutions and local development.
Temporary: that has limited duration, which is not
Transitional settlement: settlement and shelter
final.
resulting from conflict and natural disasters, from
emergency response to durable solutions. Temporary home: can be regarded as such a home
lived in temporarily for a specified period, you can
Transitional settlement sector: the field of pro-
identify it with the holiday home or the rented
viding settlement and shelter in the context of
house
conflict and natural disasters, from emergency
response to durable solutions. Aim: communi- Provisional home: is an answer to an emergency
ties, families, and individuals affected by conflict (floods, earthquakes), to an exceptional event. It’s
and natural disasters should be afforded, together an emergency home, prefabricated, built quickly
with any hosting populations, TS support to ensu- and destined to perish.
re their security, good health, privacy, and dignity,
appropriate to their needs. Ephemeral home: is a prototype, a model that can
be real or virtual, and retaining an image always
new. It uses perishable materials because it has to
** Sphere Project, Humanitarian Charter and Minimum
last a short time, such as prefabricated houses and
Standards in Disaster Response, Genève 2004
demountable exhibition pavilions.

25


Transitional Home: is a dynamic evolving system, al, and international relations;
the transition from a conventional to a new way • Specialists sector effectiveness; strategic, govern-
of living.*** ment, and donor relations
• Other sectors of response sector effectiveness, de-
pendent on settlement options
4.4 Stakeholders present in Disaster Re- • Development workers operational continuity and
sponse (a possible scenario where to use the assessment, monitoring, and evaluations
hosting units ) • Suppliers / contractors economic stability; capac-
ity; government and international relations
• Media economic stability; local, national and inter-
It is useful to consider the similarities and differen-
national relations
ces in the interests of stakeholder groups affected
by transitional settlement. This might help to de- International:
velop common operational guidelines which could • Donors, which control strategic effectiveness, local,
improve co-ordination and co-operation between national, and international relations
different organizations in the field. • United Nations bodies, that lead strategic effective-
ness; local, national, and international relations
Stakeholder groups which stake in transitional set- • International non-government organizations (IN-
tlement includes: GOs), which focus on local, national and strategic
effectiveness; impact through sector range; local,
Local: national, and international relations with popula-
• Displaced and local populations, whose stake in tions, governments, donors, and the media
transitional settlements includes: security; surviv- • Peace-keeping forces, which guarantee internal
al and health; social needs, including privacy and and external security and stability; population mo-
dignity; livelihoods, including economic stability; bility.
natural-resource management; communal service
infrastructure, including transport. In the year 2004, the United Nations High Commis-
• Community-based organizations (CBOs), which sioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated that there
have: capacity and skills; relations with local popu-
were 20 million refugees living worldwide . In ad-
lation, local and national government, national and
international aid community, and donors. dition, 25 million people were displaced within the
borders of their own countries and were thus clas-
National: sified as Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). The
• Host governments, which stakes internal and ex- provision of well-planned settlement solutions for
ternal security and stability; political and economic people who have been displaced by conflict or na-
stability; national service infrastructure; national tural disasters is crucially important.
construction industry
• Police and military, which provides internal and ex-
ternal security and stability; population mobility
• Local non-government organizations (LNGOs),
which have capacity and skills; relations with popu-
lations, CBOs, local and national government, in-
ternational aid community, and donors

National and international:
• Coordinators strategic effectiveness; local, nation-

*** Daniela Cardace, Elisabetta Quaglino, Dall’esperienza di
autocostruzione ad Arcosanti alla progettazione di un modulo abi-
tativo, Master Thesis, Politecnico di Torino, Relator: Comoglio Mari-
tano N., Correlatore Aghemo C., Turin, July 2008
26

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