2. 3
This presentation covers...
• Contextualization
• The research goals and questions
• The overall research methodology
• The expected contributions and results
– Results so far
– Some assumptions and questions
@ Sónia Sousa, 2013
3. 4
Contextual aim
• Design and develop strategies to foster Trust
among systems designers
• Develop and evaluate a toolset to monitor
Trust levels
• Facilitating the deployment of trust level
regulation interventions.
@ Sónia Sousa, 2013
4. 5
Contextual aim
• Taking into consideration
– knowledge sharing
• the ways we perceive and handle information
– Learning interactions
• the way we use our cultural context and relate to our
environment
– Individual's active participation
• The way we create and maintain social relations
– Individual's cooperation
• the way we go about (cooperate) in our work and life
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Human-Centered Computing
• Closely related to field
– human-computer interaction; and ce
• focused on ergonomics and the usability of computing
artifacts
– information science
• focused on practices surrounding the collection,
manipulation, and use of information;
• Is an emerging interdisciplinary academic field
concerned with
– Computing and computational artifacts as they relate
to the human condition.
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Trust? (assumptions)
• Trust is in fact a crucial element
– in human relationship
• Trust is a fundamental for influencing
– individual's participation; and
– Cooperation
• Consequences
– Trust engenders more efficient collaboration
– Trusting
• Influences the level of commitment
• Reduces the level of uncertainty
• Influences the performance
(e.g. Yan, 2010; Mcknight, 1996; Constantine, 2006, Preece, 2004) (e.g. Garfinkel, 1963; Coleman, 1988; Fukuyama, 1995, Weber, 2003)
10. Research strategies
Approach one Approach two
• research questions • research questions
– How do the large user base – divided in two sets of questions
systems and technologies 1. Develop and evaluate a
foster trust? toolset to monitor trust
– To what extent were these levels; and
systems and technologies 2. The deployment of
designed for trust? interventions designed to
– How to systematically support regulate (moderate, improve,
designing for trust? recover) trust levels.
@ Sónia Sousa, 2013
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The toolset to monitor trust
• Research questions
– What data can be used to monitor trust?
– How often should data be sampled to generate robust
trust indicators?
– How should data samples be collected taking into
account that the impact of the sampling process in the
generation of confidence indicators should be
minimized?
– What metrics should be used to express trust levels?
– How should trust indicators be interpreted?
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Deployment of interventions
• Design interventions to regulate (moderate,
improve, recover) trust levels
– What interventions result in favorable changes in
trust indicators?
– How to facilitate the design and deployment of
these interventions?
@ Sónia Sousa, 2012
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Focus and Scope
• Focus on approach 2.
– To design, develop and evaluate a toolset to
monitor trust levels
• Then facilitating the deployment of trust level
regulation interventions.
• Finally
– Investigate on strategies to unobtrusively inform
the design processes on how to Leveraging
Human-Centered Computing with Trust
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Strategy…
• Research questions addressed so far
– What data can be used to monitor trust?
– How often should data be sampled to generate
robust trust indicators?
– How often should data be sampled to generate
robust trust indicators?
– What metrics should be used to express trust
levels?
– How should trust indicators be interpreted?
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Framework of reference
• Builds on my previous body of knowledge
– Aiming to leverage the sustainability of Digital
ecosystems, by
• Perceiving Trust as an interaction facilitator construct.
• Bridges various disciplines
• On Human-Centered Computing (HCC) focus on
– humans with systems,
– humans with technologies,
– humans with their environment,
– humans with humans integration
• On the previously knowledge on Trust
• On previous knowledge of distance education paradigms
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Specifically...
• Observing on three main trust factors
– the course mediators,
• Trust towards Teacher’s/facilitators and learner’s
interactions,
– Course learning artifacts; and
– Course learning environment.
• Focus on a socio-technical model of Trust
– Which represent the interceptions of
• Human-Computer Trust Components; and
• The dynamic nature of Trust in relationships
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Measuring and dimensions scales
• The Measuring scales
– Student’s trust predispositions; and
– Student’s rational and emotional perceptions;
• The Dimensions scales:
– Students’ Motivation;
– Willingness towards the learn activities;
– Trust predisposition towards three main factors
– Students’ rational perception towards
• competence, predictability and reliability
– Students irrational perceptions on
• reciprocity and benevolence and and honesty
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The measurement instrument
• The observed case study:
– Goal…
• Monitor student's trust
– Performance and behavioural patterns through time;
• Measuring student’s trust
– Attitudes and expectations through time;
– Instruments:
• A survey instrument – design based on…
– Three main trust factors
– The socio-technical model of trust
• Additional collecting data sample – gather from...
– Interviews to teachers;
– Transcription of online sysncronous and asyncronous
communications and interactions @ Sónia Sousa, 2013
21. Results so far
Monitor learner’s attitudes
– One time samples of the
A survey instrument questionnaire
– Second ongoing
– Expect to have 4 more samples
1. Leveraging engagement and participation in e-learning
with trust
2. Round table panel - Leveraging learning collaboration
with Trust.
8th International Conference on e-Learning.
ICEL 2013, Cape Town, South Africa.
@ Sónia Sousa, 2013
22. Results so far… Trust predisposition in me
• I believe this course is exactly what I need
Motivation + Willingness • I am willing to participate in all activities
3
2.5 2.5 2.4
2.5 Strongly agree
2 2.05
Agree
2
1.5
1.7
No opinion
Trust Predisposition in others
1.5
Disagree
1
1 • I trust my colleagues’ attitudes
• I trust my teachers are doing their best
0.5 • I trust this course will fulfill my expectations
• I trust my university provides an adequate learning context
0
• I trust the chosen online tools
MOT Will
6 5.5
5
4 3.5 3.50 3.5 Strongly agree
3
3 2.50 Agree
2
2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 No opinion
1.00 1 1 1 Disagree
1 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.00 0
0
Students Teachers Course Institution Technology
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Competency • My colleagues are competent
• The teacher is well informed on the course’s topics
• The course materials are comprehensive
• The university provides the necessary conditions
for this course
• The chosen online tools adequately support the
course
6
5
5
4
4
Strongly agree
3.00 3
3 Agree
No opinion
2 2 1.833333333
2 1.75 Disagree
1.50 1.50 1.5
1.25
1 1.00 1 1
1
0.5 0.5 0.5
0
0
Students Teachers Course Institution Technology
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Predictability • I can count on my colleagues to do their
part in the course
• I know I can count on my teachers’ support
• The course is progressing according to plan
• I can always count with my university
support
• The online tools behave in expected ways
6
5.5
5
4
3.50 3.5 3.5
Strongly agree
3
3 Agree
2.50
No opinion
2 Disagree
2
1.5
1 1
1
0
Students Teachers Course Institution Technology
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Reliability
• I can rely on my colleagues
• I can always count with my teachers’
support
• The course provides up-to-date knowledge
• The university is dependable
• The online tools are always available
4.5
4 4
4
3.5
3.5
3
3
2.50
2.5 Strongly agree
2 Agree
2 No opinion
1.50 1.5 Disagree
1.5
1
1
0.5
0
0
Students Teachers Course Institution Technology
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Benevolence
• My colleagues are friendly
• My teachers care about me
• The university has goodwill
4
3.5 3.5 3.5
3.5
3
3
2.5
2.5
Strongly agree
2 Agree
1.5 No opinion
1.5
Disagree
1
0.5
0
Students Teachers Course
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Honesty • My colleagues have good principles
• This course’s teachers honour their
commitments
• The university is fair
5
4.5
4.5
4
3.5
3.5
3.00
3
Strongly agree
2.5 Agree
No opinion
2
Disagree
1.5
1
0.5
0
Students Teachers Course
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Assumption 1
• No general motivation towards the course
• Strongly agree on their Can it
– Willingness to fulfill the course; and validate
– Predisposition to trust in the technology.
• Strongly believe that they can count on their colleagues
for support.
• Agree on the
– Competence of their colleagues and the institution;
– Rely on the course and technology available;
– Believe on the good will of their colleagues and teachers;
and the
– Honesty of the their colleagues and institution.
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Assumption 2
• Need to provide a broader understanding
– How to
• Support new strategies for foster Trust in digital
environments and media;
Makes
• Sustain the eLearning experience sense?
– By leverage Trust and foster participation; and
– Strengthen learning collaboration and work cooperation at a
distance
– Eventually come up with the idea of a new course
• Evaluating the eLearning experience course
– As a new propose for strength the teaching at a distance
process and foster research in Digital Learning Ecosystems
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Course proposal
• Main idea
– Provide an holistic approach to teach and foster research in
Digital Learning Ecosystems
• Name could be
– Evaluating the eLearning experience
• Focus on today’s changes on
– learning and cooperating activities; and
– our understanding of how humans interact with and through computers.
• Course goal…
– understand the consequences of fostering learning
experience on people’s performance through time
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Course goal
• Is to broaden the perceived scope of
– Interaction design and User experience;
– Design for learning; and
– Distance learning pedagogies.
• by focusing on
– how to cater for evaluating of learners' experience
when using the eLearning systems, technologies
and applications.
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Assumption 3 Suggestions…
• There is a lack of clear research plan.
– The plan is more in terms of objectives and sub-
research questions.
• How conceptual and empirical analyses are going to be
linked and mixed together should be clearly defined
• Better clarity in methods to be used would be
needed
– Plan how conceptual and empirical analyses are
going to be linked and mixed together
@ Sónia Sousa, 2012
Editor's Notes
TP - Level of commitment of both towards the situationCompetency – Be confident that all parts involved will act in a competently and dutifully wayPredictability - Attitudes that match between expectations and performanceReciprocity - Feeling that other’s have confidence on your actionsBenevolence - Observing attitudes of caring about the benefits of others Honesty - That person is not deceiving and will act accordingly
