2. 2
The CI Team
Step 1
NILO P. SAMPUTON
School Head
FERNANDO B. ENAD
CI Team Leader
MARIE STEFANI C. HORA
Scribe
SUEDEN S. LANJE
Communication
PERLITA L. ENAD
Documentation
PEREGRITA J. DATAHAN
Process Observer
3. INTRODUCTION
School Profile
Name of School : San Agustin National High School
School ID : 302887
School Address : San Agustin, Sagbayan, Bohol
Municipality : Sagbayan
Province : Bohol
Number of Students : Male - 534
Female - 614
TOTAL - 1,148
Numbers of Teachers : 42
Location : Longitude: 9.9266333, Latitude: 124.0748608
School Head : MR. NILO P. SAMPUTON, SP1
3
Step 1
10. 10
Step 1
1. Students crowd up the enrollment officer-in-charge to line up to
enroll during the enrollment period. The same officer needs to
randomly assign enrollees to sections/class.
2. On the first day of school, students had to roam around the
campus to lookup for their names posted on the classroom doors
to determine their section/room assignments.
3. Teachers had to manually write the names of their assigned
students to their School Form 1 and to write the same list to their
Class Record and other forms.
4. For the School Head to determine the current headcount, a
paper sheet needs to be passed on for the advisers to fill out.
Where Were We Before?
11. Project Background
The enrollment of San Agustin National High School has
continuously increased over time since its foundation in 1994. From
a single nipa hut as a classroom with around 40 students initially, it
went up to about 10 school buildings with around 800 students.
Despite the continuous increasing trend, the school has
long been utilizing the traditional method of records management.
Before, if a student enrolls, he submits his credentials and will be
received by an officer and process it. Thereafter, the student has to
wait for the first day of school to identify his/her class/section
assignment. During that time, a student has to hop from one room
to another to lookup for their name on the list posted on the
classroom doors. Moreover, the teacher has to manually write the
names of his/her students to the School Form 1 and does the same
for the other required school mandated forms, resulting to
repetition of work and thus resulting to data integrity issues.
11
Step 1
12. Project Background
With the above premise, the school was prompted to
initiate a project aimed at automating the records management of
San Agustin National High School from Enrollment to Record
Keeping. The project is entitled, “Let’s Get Digital” and its
implementation is through the use of a web-based application, the
SANHS MIS (San Agustin NHS – Management Information
System), which is a self-made and self-coded (programmed)
application utilizing the HTML+PHP and MySQL frameworks.
With the MIS, all records will become digitized, centralized
and automated
12
Step 1
13. Voice of the Customer
(Pupils Perception of a Clean School)
13
Step 2
9%
12%
11%
12%
8%8%
8%
11%
8%
13%
Properly Segregated
Garbage
Disease-free
Environment
Absence from Harmful
Insects
School Pollution-free
Well-disciplined Pupils
Clean Surroundings
Improved School
Ground
Zero Waste School
Enough Cleaning
Facilities
Proper Compost Pit
The CI Team conducted a survey on 72
pupils(Grades 3 to 6 Pupils)
using a questionnaire.
14. Teachers and Pupils Satisfaction
Rating on Waste Segregation
6%
18%
28%
48%
Very Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Fair
Poor
14
15. Voice of the Customer
(Conclusion)
• Unsegregated garbage has an effect on
the health and safety of the pupils and the
teachers.
• Classes hours are reduced because it is
consumed for cleaning the school ground.
• Burning of unsegregated garbage can
threatened ecological balance.
Step 2
15
16. Current State
SIPOC
Step 3
Sweeping and
Picking
of garbage
Collecting of
garbage
Burning of
garbage
Process Steps
16
SUPPLIERS
• Students
• Teachers
• Vendors
• Visitors
• Trees
INPUT
• Plastics
• Cellophanes
• Papers
• Leaves and
twigs
• Bottles
• Cans
• Fruit and
vegetable
peelings
PROCESS
• Waste
Management
OUTPUT
• Uncollected
garbage
• Scattered
wrappers
CUSTOMERS
• Environment
• Student
• Vendors
• Barrio Folks
• Teachers
• Visitors
17. Current State (Before Improvement)
Level 1: Waste Management Process Steps
17
Daily
Pupils
Collector
Pupils
assigned
to Burn
the
Garbage
Collecting of garbage by assigned
pupil cleaners.
Burning of garbage by assigned
pupil cleaners.Daily
Pupils
Sweepers
Sweeping of garbage by
assigned pupil cleaners.
18. Current State (Before Improvement)
Waste Management Process
Step 3
Sweeping and Picking of
garbage
Collecting of garbage Burning of garbage
Sweeping of fallen twigs,
fallen or dried leaves,
plastics and papers, either
on the school ground or
inside the classroom.
Picking of plastics,
cellophanes and other
forms of garbage.
Swept garbage are
collected using trash cans
and sacks.
Empty cans and unused
bottles are set aside on
places away from playing
areas to avoid accidents.
Pupils, who are tasked as
garbage collectors, burn the
garbage.
Sometimes, pupils do
not clean their
assigned areas.
Sometimes, garbage
are uncollected
properly for pupils
are in a hurry due to
time constraint in
cleaning.
Environmental
and health
threatening
practice.
18
Some pupils are
unable to sweep all
the garbage. As a
result, some garbage
turns into an eyesore.
19. Current State
Layout of Cantores Elementary School Site
19
Vegetable
Garden
Room
1 & 2
Waiting
Shed
Room 3 Room 4 Room 5
Room
6
CR
Fruit Garden
School
Ground
Mini
Stage
Pathway
20. Current State
Process Performance
Breakdown of Unsegregated Garbage Collected Per Area
20
Classroo
ms
Waiting
Shed
Pathways Back of
Classroo
ms
Vegetable
and Fruit
Gardens
School
Ground
Total No.
of Trash
Cans
Monday 2 2 1 1 1 2 9
Tuesday 2 2 1 1 1 2 9
Wednesda
y
2 2 1 1 1 2 9
Thursday 2 2 1 1 1 2 9
Friday
2 2 1 1 1 2 9
22. Objective Statement
• Cantores Elementary School collected garbage at a range of
9 trash cans with an average of 2 kg per day, conducted on
Jan. 11-Feb. 19, 2016, which are 80% are unsegregated of
the temporary dumping area – with leaves, papers, twigs,
cellophanes, etc as the top most waste generated.
Step 4
22
Focused Problem Statement
• Cantores Elementary School’s objective is to collect all
possible garbage found inside and outside the classrooms,
including garbage found in the school ground and other areas
of the school, and be able to segregate these garbage
according to biodegradable and non-biodegradable garbage.
23. Root Cause Analysis
Step 5
Why-Why Diagram
Why has Cantores
Elementary School
collected garbage
at a range of 9
trash cans with an
average of 2 kg
per day, which are
80% are
unsegregated of
the temporary
dumping area with
leaves, papers,
twigs, cellophane,
etc. as top most
waste?
Garbage are
combined.
Teachers ignored
to check the
garbage in the
trashcans.
Twigs and falling
leaves are
combined with non-
biodegradable
garbage.
Lacking of
available
trashcans.
30 sq.m. area
outside the school
served as dumpsite.
Vacant times are
usually used for
checking pupils’
output.
Failure to
segregate
combined
garbage
Not following
school policy.
23
Front and back
garbage are
discarded in the
dumpsite.
Pupils threw food
wrappers
anywhere.
Maintain
cleanliness of
the school
ground.
Overlapping of
activities.
24. Root Cause Validation
Problem Statement:
Cantores Elementary School collected garbage at a range of 9 trash cans with an
average of 2 kg per day, conducted on Jan. 11-Feb. 19, 2016, which are 80% are
unsegregated of the temporary dumping area – with leaves, papers, twigs,
cellophanes, etc as the top most waste generated.
Probable Causes Validation
Controllability
of the School
Conclusion
(Valid or Not)
Class
Description of
Cause
Method Result
Within
Control
For solution
formulation
Man
Failure to
segregate
combined
garbage
Survey
observation
Valid
Within
control
For solution
formulation
Not following
school policies
Survey
observation
Valid
Within
control
For solution
formulation
Overlapping of
activities
Survey
observation
Valid
Within
control
For solution
formulations
i24
25. i25
Probable Causes Validation
Controllability
of the School
Conclusion
(Valid or Not)
Class
Description of
Cause
Method Result
Within
Control
For solution
formulation
Materials
Lacking of
available
trashcans
Observation Valid
Within
control
For solution
formulation
Environment
Maintain
cleanliness
inside the
school ground
Observation Valid
Within
control
For solution
formulations
Continuation . . .
26. Priority Valid Causes
Step 5
26
• Failure to segregate combined garbage.
• Disregard to follow school policies.
• Overlapping of school activities
• Lacking of available trashcans.
• Maintain the cleanliness inside the school
ground.
27. Recommended Improvements
Step 6
27
Priority Root Cause Recommended Improvement
Failure to segregate combined garbage. Provide labeled trashcans with
biodegradable and non-biodegradable in
every classroom and areas where pupils
usually stay.
Disregard to follow school policies. Re-orient pupils on proper garbage
disposal.
Overlapping of activities. Kindergarten to Grade II Teachers will
check the trashcans after morning class,
while Grades III to VI teachers will check
after afternoon classes.
Lacking of available trashcans. Provide more trashcans on every
classrooms.
Maintain the cleanliness inside school
ground.
Constructing of concrete compost pit.
28. Future State
SIPOC
Step 6
Improved Step 28
SUPPLIERS
• Students
• Teachers
• Vendors
• Visitors
• Trees
INPUT
• Plastics
• Cellophanes
• Papers
• Leaves and
twigs
• Bottles
• Cans
• Fruit and
vegetable
peelings
PROCESS
• Waste
Management
OUTPUT
• Uncollected
garbage
CUSTOMERS
• Environment
• Student
• Vendors
• Barrio Folks
• Teachers
• Visitors
Sweeping and
Picking
of garbage
Collecting of
garbage
Segregating
of garbage
Process Steps
29. Future State
Process Details
Step 6
29
Sweeping and Picking of
garbage
Collecting of garbage Segregating of garbage
Sweeping of fallen twigs,
fallen or dried leaves,
plastics and papers, either
on the school ground or
inside the classroom.
Picking of plastics,
cellophanes and other
forms of garbage.
Swept garbage are
collected using labeled
trashcans.
Supervision of teachers
during collecting of
garbage.
Pupils, who are tasked as
garbage collectors, throw
the garbage according to
color and label of compost
pit.
One teacher per day is
assigned to monitor the
compost pit, to check
whether garbage are
thrown properly.
Absence of teacher’s
supervision.
Sometimes, pupils do
not clean their
assigned areas.
Some pupils are
unable to sweep all
the garbage. As a
result, some garbage
turns into an eyesore.
30. Future State
Improvement Highlights
• Provision of color-coded compost pit for proper
waste segregation.
• Simultaneous throwing of garbage with daily
teacher supervision to ensure proper waste
segregation.
• Daily checking of teacher per day to monitor
waste segregation in the compost pit.
30
41. Pilot
Learnings
Step 8
• (List key insights from pilot experience, including
any adjustments to the recommended
improvements)
41
42. Rollout
Strategy and Scope
• (describe the rollout strategy)
• (define the extension from the initial pilot scope,
e.g. to other sections, to other grade levels)
Step 9
42
43. Rollout
Stakeholder Analysis
Step 9
Enthusiastic support
Will work hard to make it happen
Help it work
Will lend appropriate support
Hesitant
Holds some reservations; won’t
volunteer
Indifferent
Won’t help; won’t hurt
Uncooperative
Will have to be prodded
Opposed
Will openly act on and state
opposition
Hostile
Will block at all costs
People or Groups
Teachers Students. PTA.Level of Commitment
i43
51. Rollout
Learnings
Step 9
• (List key insights from rollout experience,
including any adjustments to the recommended
improvements)
51
52. FUTURE STATE
BACKGROUND
CURRENT STATE
PROBLEM ANALYSIS
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
LESSONS LEARNED
TEST RESULTS
PROJECT TITLE
Improvement on Examination Results Feedback Time
Team Members: DBH, EAF, BOG, VPR, RVP, DBS
The time between examination of students and the
return of examination results has an average of 7 days
with a max of 14 days. Students rely on the results of
the examination to know their academic performance
and to review for succeeding lessons.
Teacher
Student Submit
Exam
Collect
Exams
Group
exams
per grade
level
Check
Exams
Return to
Students
Receive
Examinatio
n Results
5 mins.
per exam
1 to 5
days30 secs. 30 secs.
Teacher
Student Submit
Exam
Collect
Exams
Check
Exams
Return to
Students
Receive
Examinatio
n Results
5 mins.
per exam
30 secs. 30 secs.
Recommendation:
1. Eliminate grouping of exam papers for each grade level.
2. Have a different set of exam for students who missed the exam.
Week
1
Week
2
Wee
k 3
Wee
k 4
Week
5 Who
%
Completion
Process Design Team 100%
Dissemination of New
Design DBH, RVP, BOG 100%
Simulation EAF, VPR, DBS 100%
Gathering of Feedback
from Teachers EAF, VPR, DBS 80%
Refinement of Process
Design Team 80%
Improve on Information Dissemination
Teachers should be trained to the new process to be followed on
providing feedback to students.
0
5
10
15
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29
Feedback
Time
Step 10STAGE1:ASSESSSTAGE2:ANALYZE
STAGE2:ANALYZESTAGE3:ACT
53. Project Closure
Next Steps
• (action on next-level priority causes)
• (action on next-phase improvements)
• (links with other school processes or programs)
Step 10
53
Editor's Notes
Show results for the most critical performance area(s) based on Slide #3, using 2013 data.
If available, data from prior years (3 years) may be used to show trends.
Use the appropriate type of chart (pie, bar, line).
The chart may provide the rationale for selecting a focus area such as a particular subject, grade level and section. This can be illustrated by encircling the relevant portion of the chart.
Additional slides may be used to drill the performance down to the desired level
Pictures of students lining up for enrollment.
Pictures of students roaming around the campus looking for their names to determine section assignment.
Pictures of old school registers.
Pictures of class records with names differ from school register.
Pictures of headcount sheet filled out by advisers.
Performance results may be based on the school’s Basic Education Report Card (BERC), and may include measures such as NAT, Dropout Rate, Cohort Survival Rate, Completion Rate.
Performance results may drill down to next level detail, such as mastery levels in specific subject areas, students at risk of dropping out (SARDO), at specific grade levels.
Highlight performance measures where there are significant performance gaps (the focus of the project).
Disaggregate data by gender if possible, where relevant.
Performance results should be based on latest available data (calendar year 2013).
Qualifying statements like “increasing….”, “decreasing….” (trending) may be included in this slide, and illustrated in the next slide (slide 4)
Performance results may be based on the school’s Basic Education Report Card (BERC), and may include measures such as NAT, Dropout Rate, Cohort Survival Rate, Completion Rate.
Performance results may drill down to next level detail, such as mastery levels in specific subject areas, students at risk of dropping out (SARDO), at specific grade levels.
Highlight performance measures where there are significant performance gaps (the focus of the project).
Disaggregate data by gender if possible, where relevant.
Performance results should be based on latest available data (calendar year 2013).
Qualifying statements like “increasing….”, “decreasing….” (trending) may be included in this slide, and illustrated in the next slide (slide 4)
Derive VOC conclusions by relating VOC information to the school performance results described in slide 3 and detailed in slide 4.
VOC may, among others,
Confirm the existence of performance issue or concern
Identify factors that contribute to the performance issue or concern
Clarify the impact of the issue or concern to customers and other stakeholders, and highlight the relevance of the performance issue or concern
Highlight opportunities for improvement
A process is a set of interelated and interacting activities that transform inputs into outputs.
“Suppliers” to the process may include customers and other stakeholders.
“Inputs” may include materials, resources, and information
“Outputs” may include measurable process results such as number of students taught, number of learning hours provided; as well as outcomes such as mastery levels achieved by students
“Customers” may include students and other stakeholders.
Show the SIPOC for the process being improved by the project (not the project’s improvement process, or activities being undertaken by the team to pursue the project)
Identify the key process steps (major sets of activities),
Process Details outline the key activities at each step of the process
Process Name should be the same as in Slide 7
Process Steps (the row of boxes) should be the same as in Slide 7
List the key activities per step, in the order they occur.
Where there’s an issue or concern, draw a cloud at the step, and write the issue or concern in the cloud. Issues or concerns may have been identified
From the school background (slide 3 and 4)
From the VOC (slide 6)
Brainstormed by the Team while drawing up the process details
It is possible that there is an issue or concern with a specific activity, in which case a cloud can also be drawn next to an activity.
Show results for the most critical performance area(s), identified in the SIPOC (output column)
Use the appropriate type of chart (pie, bar, line).
The chart may provide the rationale for selecting a focus area such as a particular process step or activity, This can be illustrated by encircling the relevant portion of the chart.
Additional slides may be used to drill the performance down to the desired level
A problem is a deviation from a desired state or performance level at a particular point in time.
The focused problem statement usually takes off from the general concern or issue described in the school background (slide 3 and 4), to a measurable gap in performance of the process being improved (the measurable outputs/outcomes in the SIPOC slide 7 and described in slide 9)
Objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, results-oriented, time-bound (SMART)
The Fishbone diagram may also be used.. If one chart is used to illustrate the analysis, use either why-why or fishbone (pick one).
A fishbone diagram already classifies causes (as Man, Machine, Method, Materials or Environment-related). Color may be used to show classification on a why-why diagram.
Root causes are at the ends of the causal chains.
Transfer the root causes to the Description column, classifying them accordingly (as Man, Machine, Method, Materials or Environment-related). Indicate the validation method used and the result of validation. Controllability refers to whether the root cause is actionable by the CI Team itself.l
Questions to Help Validate Root Causes:
1. What is the proof that this cause exists? Is it concrete? Is it measurable? Are there more than two data elements that provide evidence?
2. What is the proof that this cause could lead to the stated effect? Am I merely asserting causation? (Ex. If a program is identified as the reason students are not achieving, is there evidence that it is not aligned to tested and taught curriculum? Have students spent the majority of the allotted instructional time using this program?)
3. What proof is there that this cause actually contributed to the problem? Given that it exists and could lead to this problem, how do I know it was not actually something else?
4. Is anything else needed, along with this cause, for the stated effect to occur? Is it self-sufficient? Is something else needed? (Ex. Are Special Education student schedules the only problem that prevents them from grade level curriculum exposure, or is there another key factor, perhaps the level of experience of teacher to scaffold instruction to meet the needs of all learners?)
5. Can anything else, besides this cause, lead to the stated effect? Are there alternative explanations that fit better? What other risks are there?
Inclusion on the list considers the following:
Contribution to the problem – The CI Team usually focuses on valid causes which are major contributors to the problem. Valid root causes may be prioritized via pareto analysis (additional slide)
Controllability - The CI Team usually focuses on valid causes within its control.
Interrelationships between causes – The CI Team usually includes causes which strongly affect or influence other causes.
High;ight reasons for prioritization
Transfer the priority valid causes from slide 13 to this slide.
A combination of improvements may be required to address the identified causes.
Where there are several independent improvement alternatives to a root cause, a decision matrix (additional slide) may be included to select the best alternative.
Highlight steps which have been improved (use a different fill color)
Insert any additional steps (use a different fill color from improved steps)
Delete steps which have been eliminated (typically non value-adding steps)
Modify the list of outputs to reflect the impact of the improvements.
Transfer the process steps from slide 16 to this slide.
Highlight steps and activities which have been improved (use a different fill color)
Insert any additional activities or steps
Delete any steps or activities which have been eliminated (typically non value-adding steps or activities)
Highlight innovations (a radically different way of doing something) and/or performance breakthroughs (a significant jump in performance level).
This template initially has 3 slides (slides 18 – 20). Use more (or less slides) to cover innovations and breakthroughs.
IM - instructional material
Identify potential problems with the improvements
Constraints on resources needed for implementation
Situations or conditions which can hinder the effective implementation of the improvement
Negative impact on succeeding process steps or other processes
Identify key activities needed to implement the improvements. Include preventive actions (from slide 21).
This slide can show the major activities, although a detailed implementation plan should be ready.
Show the actual pilot implementation status.
Remarks may include
Level of completion of activities or outputs
Delays between scheduled and actual dates
Changes in planned activities or outputs
Implementation issues or concerns
Highlight major activities or events. Forms, reports and instructional materials may be included to show actual use.
A slide may cover multiple events and include several pictures.
This template initially has 3 slides (slides 24 – 26). Use more (or less) slides to cover major activities or events.
Highlight major activities or events. Forms, reports and instructional materials may be included to show actual use.
Highlight major activities or events. Forms, reports and instructional materials may be included to show actual use.
Show improved results for the most critical performance area(s). Chart may be similar in format to slide 9 (current state performance), but showing improved performance.
Use additional slides to show results for any additional measures developed as part of the improvement solution.
Cost/benefit analysis may also be shown
Adjustments to the recommended improvement may include
Further refinement in the process or system (e.g. adjustments in the forms or instructional materials used, additional monitoring). A revised SIPOC and process details may be included, if needed.
Changes in how the improvement is implemented
Additional supporting activities like training
The rollout strategy may include
Implementation timing – phases (time)
Expansion in scope – phases (areas), selected sections, selected grade levels, selected student segments
Preparations – communication, training and education, resource acquisition
Engaging the support of other stakeholders
Standardization – issuance of memo or school order to document new/changes in policies and guidelines, revised procedures, forms and reports.
Sample stakeholders and commitment levels shown; replace with actual
Identify key activities needed to rollout the improvements, following the rollout strategy (slide 29). Include actions to improve the level of stakeholder commitment (from slide 30).
This slide can show the major activities, although a detailed implementation plan should be ready.
Implementation plan (indicating due date and resources/budget) may be shown if rollout has not yet been started.
Remarks may include
Level of completion of activities or outputs
Delays between scheduled and actual dates
Changes in planned activities or outputs
Implementation issues or concerns
Show improved results for the most critical performance area(s). Chart may be similar in format to slide 27(pilot performance), but showing improved performance across expanded scope in rollout.
Use additional slides to show results for any additional measures developed as part of the rollout.
Cost/benefit analysis may also be shown
Highlight major activities or events. Forms, reports and instructional materials may be included to show actual use.
A slide may cover multiple events and include several pictures.
This template initially has 3 slides (slides 34 – 36). Use more (or less) slides to cover major activities or events.
Highlight major activities or events. Forms, reports and instructional materials may be included to show actual use.
A slide may cover multiple events and include several pictures.
This template initially has 3 slides (slides 34 – 36). Use more (or less) slides to cover major activities or events.
Highlight major activities or events. Forms, reports and instructional materials may be included to show actual use.
A slide may cover multiple events and include several pictures.
This template initially has 3 slides (slides 34 – 36). Use more (or less) slides to cover major activities or events.
Adjustments to the recommended improvement may include
Further refinement in the process or system (e.g. adjustments in the forms or instructional materials used, additional monitoring). A revised SIPOC and process details may be included, if needed.
Changes in how the improvement is implemented
Additional supporting activities like training
Show the completed CI Project Template (A3)
The objective statement may be included in the Future State section.
Some valid root causes may not have been prioritized in the initial pilot and rollout. General courses of action to address these causes should be included as next steps.
Depending on the rollout strategy (Slide 29), some implementation of the improvements may have been split into phases. The next phase should be included as next steps.
Links and/or impact to other school processes or programs may need to be evaluated. Improvements in performance monitoring and evaluation may need to be reflected in the school’s performance monitoring system as part of standardization.