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Drug addiction
This document provides an overview of Revathi Mohan's Masters thesis topic on drug addiction. It includes sections that discuss the reasons for and effects of drug addiction, comorbidity of addiction and mental health disorders, challenges with addiction treatment and recovery, specifics on various drugs (opioids, sedatives, stimulants, etc.), and the role of organizations in addressing addiction. Graphs and diagrams are presented on topics like why addiction is difficult to quit, the dual epidemics of drug use and HIV/AIDS, and opportunities for international drug research collaboration.
LEWY BODY DEMENTIA
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is the second most common cause of degenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease. It is clinically defined by dementia, hallucinations, fluctuations in alertness, and parkinsonism. Autopsy shows Lewy Bodies in the neocortex and brainstem in 15-36% of demented cases. DLB involves a core set of features including fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, and spontaneous motor features of parkinsonism. It is differentiated from other dementias by its symptom profile and neuropathology.
Depression
The document discusses depression, including its symptoms, types, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines three main types of depression - clinical depression, minor depression, and bipolar disorder. It explains that depression is linked to imbalances in brain chemicals like serotonin and shrinkage in parts of the brain. Common treatments include SSRIs and therapy.
Dementia Slides
The document discusses various types and characteristics of dementia. It describes delirium versus dementia, mild cognitive impairment, cortical versus subcortical dementias, Alzheimer's disease, HIV-related dementia, vascular dementia, and other substance-induced and genetic dementias. Nonmedical treatment issues for patients and families are also addressed.
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES)
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are not caused by neurological dysfunction but are psychologically determined. Common psychiatric conditions associated with PNES include depression, anxiety, somatoform disorder, PTSD, dissociative disorder, and various personality disorders. A history of sexual or physical abuse is reported in one-third to half of PNES patients. PNES episodes typically last longer than 2 minutes, involve eyes being closed and variable motor movements rather than stereotyped behaviors seen in epilepsy. Diagnosis involves distinguishing PNES from epileptic seizures based on clinical features during and after episodes.
Lewy body dementia webinar final
Presentation made by Drs. Charles Driscoll and Ms. Angela Taylor at the live webinar hosted by AlzPossible on the 29th of May, 2014. See recording at http://www.alzpossible.org/wordpress-3.1.4/wordpress/webinars-2/dementia-with-lewy-bodies/
Frontotemporal dementia
Frontotemporal dementia is an early-onset form of dementia that typically affects people between 50-60 years old. It is caused by the progressive loss of brain cells in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Inherited genetic mutations may play a role in some cases. There are several clinical variants of frontotemporal dementia characterized by different behavioral or language symptoms, including behavioral variant FTD, semantic dementia, progressive nonfluent aphasia, logopenic aphasia, corticobasal syndrome, and progressive supranuclear palsy.
Recommended
Drug addiction
This document provides an overview of Revathi Mohan's Masters thesis topic on drug addiction. It includes sections that discuss the reasons for and effects of drug addiction, comorbidity of addiction and mental health disorders, challenges with addiction treatment and recovery, specifics on various drugs (opioids, sedatives, stimulants, etc.), and the role of organizations in addressing addiction. Graphs and diagrams are presented on topics like why addiction is difficult to quit, the dual epidemics of drug use and HIV/AIDS, and opportunities for international drug research collaboration.
LEWY BODY DEMENTIA
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is the second most common cause of degenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease. It is clinically defined by dementia, hallucinations, fluctuations in alertness, and parkinsonism. Autopsy shows Lewy Bodies in the neocortex and brainstem in 15-36% of demented cases. DLB involves a core set of features including fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, and spontaneous motor features of parkinsonism. It is differentiated from other dementias by its symptom profile and neuropathology.
Depression
The document discusses depression, including its symptoms, types, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines three main types of depression - clinical depression, minor depression, and bipolar disorder. It explains that depression is linked to imbalances in brain chemicals like serotonin and shrinkage in parts of the brain. Common treatments include SSRIs and therapy.
Dementia Slides
The document discusses various types and characteristics of dementia. It describes delirium versus dementia, mild cognitive impairment, cortical versus subcortical dementias, Alzheimer's disease, HIV-related dementia, vascular dementia, and other substance-induced and genetic dementias. Nonmedical treatment issues for patients and families are also addressed.
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES)
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are not caused by neurological dysfunction but are psychologically determined. Common psychiatric conditions associated with PNES include depression, anxiety, somatoform disorder, PTSD, dissociative disorder, and various personality disorders. A history of sexual or physical abuse is reported in one-third to half of PNES patients. PNES episodes typically last longer than 2 minutes, involve eyes being closed and variable motor movements rather than stereotyped behaviors seen in epilepsy. Diagnosis involves distinguishing PNES from epileptic seizures based on clinical features during and after episodes.
Lewy body dementia webinar final
Presentation made by Drs. Charles Driscoll and Ms. Angela Taylor at the live webinar hosted by AlzPossible on the 29th of May, 2014. See recording at http://www.alzpossible.org/wordpress-3.1.4/wordpress/webinars-2/dementia-with-lewy-bodies/
Frontotemporal dementia
Frontotemporal dementia is an early-onset form of dementia that typically affects people between 50-60 years old. It is caused by the progressive loss of brain cells in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Inherited genetic mutations may play a role in some cases. There are several clinical variants of frontotemporal dementia characterized by different behavioral or language symptoms, including behavioral variant FTD, semantic dementia, progressive nonfluent aphasia, logopenic aphasia, corticobasal syndrome, and progressive supranuclear palsy.
Gte general dementia knowledge
The document provides information about general dementia knowledge including signs, symptoms and progression. It discusses typical age-related changes versus atypical changes that could indicate dementia. Memory loss alone does not imply dementia, which is defined as a group of symptoms affecting cognition and functioning. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of progressive dementia. The stages of Alzheimer's disease are described from very mild cognitive decline to moderately severe cognitive decline where help is needed with daily activities.
Neuropsychiatric aspects of Head Injury / Traumatic Brain Injury
Neuropsychiatric aspects of Traumatic Brain Injury , mainly based on Lishmans Textbook of Organic Psychiatry
Neuromodulation in psychiatry.
Neuromodulation therapies like TMS and ECT allow targeted delivery of electrical or magnetic signals to specific areas of the nervous system to improve neural function. TMS uses magnetic pulses to induce currents in the brain non-invasively, while ECT induces seizures via electrodes. Both can have antidepressant effects by modifying neurotransmitter systems and inducing neuroplasticity. Ongoing research aims to better understand mechanisms of action, optimize dosing parameters, and expand indications to other psychiatric conditions.
Psychopharmacology and Cardiovascular Disease - psycho cardiology
Psychopharmacology andCardiovascular Disease.Your Heart And Mind Are Connected.Psychiatric Disorders and Cardiovascular System .Cardiac response to acute stress .Heart disease and depression are closely linkedCardiovascular Side Effects of Psychotropic Drugs
.
Cardiovascular and metabolic side effects of antipsychotics
Antipsychotic medications can cause cardiovascular and metabolic side effects. First generation antipsychotics were recognized to cause weight gain and impaired glucose tolerance in the 1960s. Second generation antipsychotics like olanzapine and clozapine are associated with greater risk of weight gain, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome compared to first generation drugs. Studies also show increased risk of cardiovascular issues like prolonged QT interval, sudden cardiac death, and cardiomyopathy with certain antipsychotics. Monitoring for these side effects is important for patient safety.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Parkinson Disease
1. Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, apathy, and cognitive impairment are common in Parkinson's disease and can significantly reduce quality of life.
2. These symptoms are often underrecognized and undertreated. They arise due to imbalances in neurotransmitter systems and loss of dopamine and norepinephrine innervation in limbic regions.
3. Management involves determining if symptoms are related to medication, assessing severity, and treating with dopaminergics, psychotropics, supplements, or other therapies depending on the symptom. Addressing underlying causes is also important.
Psychotropics consultation in pregnant and lactating women
my presentation about psychotropics in pregnant and lactating woman, my target is to help to know how mental illness affect mother and baby and how drugs affect mother and baby and when we start medications and how
Mental Health in society
Mental health refers to an individual's psychological and emotional well-being, while mental illness describes disorders that affect mood, thinking, and behavior. The document discusses that being overwhelmed by emotions, low self-esteem, social anxiety, and an inability to cope with life's challenges can indicate mental unhealthiness. It notes that mental illness affects many people but remains stigmatized when compared to physical illness, highlighting the need for greater societal awareness and support for mental health issues.
Pathology of Epilepsy
This document summarizes pathology findings related to epilepsy. It discusses classifications of mesial temporal sclerosis and cortical dysplasia, relating histopathological features to surgical outcomes. It defines "dual pathology" in temporal lobe epilepsy as involvement of both the hippocampus and neocortex. Additional lesions commonly associated with epilepsy mentioned include cortical dysplasias, vascular malformations, gliomas, and Rasmussen syndrome.
Neurobiology of depression
(a) Several brain areas have been found to have abnormal activity or structure in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to healthy controls, including the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex.
(b) Imaging studies have found both hypoactivity and hyperactivity in different areas, and treatment has been shown to help normalize some of these abnormalities.
(c) The prefrontal cortex and limbic system including the hippocampus and amygdala appear to be particularly involved, and their structural and functional connections may contribute to MDD.
Differential diagnosis of dementia
This document discusses the differential diagnosis of dementia. It begins by describing some key features that suggest a dementia may be reversible, such as a shorter duration of illness, subcortical features, and presence of focal neurological signs. Common reversible dementias and their causes are then outlined. The document also discusses assessment of dementia and pharmacological treatments, focusing on cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, and management of vascular dementia.
Mood disorder
The document provides information about mood disorders including statistics, types of mood disorders, diagnostic criteria, and features of specific disorders. Some key points:
- 15% of those diagnosed with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder commit suicide, making it a leading cause of death.
- Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are characterized by episodes of depression and for bipolar disorder, episodes of mania or hypomania.
- Dysthymic disorder involves chronic depressed mood for most of the day for at least two years.
- Bipolar I disorder includes manic episodes that cause severe symptoms and impairment in functioning. It has a lifetime prevalence of about 1% and often involves other conditions as well
PTSD Presentation
The document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and issues facing military veterans post-deployment. It describes the three main symptoms of PTSD as hyperarousal, re-experiencing trauma through flashbacks or nightmares, and avoidance/numbing. With sustained exposure to daily trauma over multiple deployments, the development of PTSD is inevitable. The document also outlines the physiological and psychological effects of PTSD and discusses challenges veterans may face reintegrating into civilian life like relationship issues, dangerous behaviors, and substance abuse. Effective treatment involves psychoeducation, teaching coping strategies, and gradually retelling traumatic experiences.
John Kane - Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: New Guidelines on Diagnosis an...
Presentation made at the live webinar hosted by the Schizophrenia Research Forum on the 21st of February, 2017 - http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia-new-guidelines-diagnosis-and-terminology
Schizophrenia
This is a very basic presentation for anyone who would like to have more information about schizophrenia. This was intended for the third year medical students. The criteria described are based on fourth edition of the DSM ( DSMIV). All these demarcations (types of) schizophrenia will be scrapped by the DSM V (this is the proposal as of now). But this could serve a historical puspose if seen after 2013.
Neurocognitive disorder [NCD]
A brief discussion about Neurocognitive disorders.
NCD are on the rise especially due to the ageing population and good treatment modalities leading to less mortality.
The burden of NCD is to increase with time especially due to the little interventions available
Ocd
OCD is an anxiety disorder that affects around 2.3% of Americans. It causes unwanted repetitive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. OCD is thought to involve imbalances in brain serotonin levels and overactivity in certain brain regions. Common symptoms include fears of contamination, needing order and symmetry, and unwanted aggressive or disturbing thoughts. Genetics are also linked to OCD risk, and treatment involves medication and therapies like exposure therapy. People with OCD often feel misunderstood due to their repetitive behaviors and obsessive thoughts.
Post stroke depression
This document discusses post-stroke depression. It notes that approximately 20-25% of stroke patients experience psychological symptoms initially from the shock and loss. Over time, patients must adjust to their new physical and cognitive limitations as well as changes in family roles and relationships. Post-stroke depression is common, affecting about one-third of patients, and is associated with poorer recovery outcomes, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Risk factors include a prior history of depression, female sex, social isolation, and greater functional impairment. Treatment involves antidepressants, psychotherapy, and lifestyle interventions, with the goal of improving mood and supporting recovery.
Epilepogenesis
Epileptogenesis is the process by which the brain becomes epileptic. It occurs in three phases - an initial injury, a latent period of neuronal changes, and chronic epilepsy. During the latent period, various molecular pathways are dysregulated, including mTOR and REST, and neuronal circuits like the dentate gate and temporoammonic pathway are altered. These changes involve loss of inhibitory interneurons and abnormal sprouting, leading to recurrent seizures. Understanding epileptogenesis may help develop new treatments targeting the latent period to prevent epilepsy.
Psychiatric manifestations of Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease is associated with various psychiatric manifestations that can affect up to 90% of patients. These include cognitive disturbances like dementia, depression in 40-50% of patients, anxiety in about 40%, and behavioral issues. Depression can predate motor symptoms and increases mortality risk. Mania or hypomania may occur due to dopaminergic medications. Compulsive behaviors are associated with dopamine replacement therapy. Apathy is also common and linked to cognitive and executive dysfunction. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric conditions in Parkinson's patients is important for quality of life.
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Gte general dementia knowledge
The document provides information about general dementia knowledge including signs, symptoms and progression. It discusses typical age-related changes versus atypical changes that could indicate dementia. Memory loss alone does not imply dementia, which is defined as a group of symptoms affecting cognition and functioning. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of progressive dementia. The stages of Alzheimer's disease are described from very mild cognitive decline to moderately severe cognitive decline where help is needed with daily activities.
Neuropsychiatric aspects of Head Injury / Traumatic Brain Injury
Neuropsychiatric aspects of Traumatic Brain Injury , mainly based on Lishmans Textbook of Organic Psychiatry
Neuromodulation in psychiatry.
Neuromodulation therapies like TMS and ECT allow targeted delivery of electrical or magnetic signals to specific areas of the nervous system to improve neural function. TMS uses magnetic pulses to induce currents in the brain non-invasively, while ECT induces seizures via electrodes. Both can have antidepressant effects by modifying neurotransmitter systems and inducing neuroplasticity. Ongoing research aims to better understand mechanisms of action, optimize dosing parameters, and expand indications to other psychiatric conditions.
Psychopharmacology and Cardiovascular Disease - psycho cardiology
Psychopharmacology andCardiovascular Disease.Your Heart And Mind Are Connected.Psychiatric Disorders and Cardiovascular System .Cardiac response to acute stress .Heart disease and depression are closely linkedCardiovascular Side Effects of Psychotropic Drugs
.
Cardiovascular and metabolic side effects of antipsychotics
Antipsychotic medications can cause cardiovascular and metabolic side effects. First generation antipsychotics were recognized to cause weight gain and impaired glucose tolerance in the 1960s. Second generation antipsychotics like olanzapine and clozapine are associated with greater risk of weight gain, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome compared to first generation drugs. Studies also show increased risk of cardiovascular issues like prolonged QT interval, sudden cardiac death, and cardiomyopathy with certain antipsychotics. Monitoring for these side effects is important for patient safety.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Parkinson Disease
1. Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, apathy, and cognitive impairment are common in Parkinson's disease and can significantly reduce quality of life.
2. These symptoms are often underrecognized and undertreated. They arise due to imbalances in neurotransmitter systems and loss of dopamine and norepinephrine innervation in limbic regions.
3. Management involves determining if symptoms are related to medication, assessing severity, and treating with dopaminergics, psychotropics, supplements, or other therapies depending on the symptom. Addressing underlying causes is also important.
Psychotropics consultation in pregnant and lactating women
my presentation about psychotropics in pregnant and lactating woman, my target is to help to know how mental illness affect mother and baby and how drugs affect mother and baby and when we start medications and how
Mental Health in society
Mental health refers to an individual's psychological and emotional well-being, while mental illness describes disorders that affect mood, thinking, and behavior. The document discusses that being overwhelmed by emotions, low self-esteem, social anxiety, and an inability to cope with life's challenges can indicate mental unhealthiness. It notes that mental illness affects many people but remains stigmatized when compared to physical illness, highlighting the need for greater societal awareness and support for mental health issues.
Pathology of Epilepsy
This document summarizes pathology findings related to epilepsy. It discusses classifications of mesial temporal sclerosis and cortical dysplasia, relating histopathological features to surgical outcomes. It defines "dual pathology" in temporal lobe epilepsy as involvement of both the hippocampus and neocortex. Additional lesions commonly associated with epilepsy mentioned include cortical dysplasias, vascular malformations, gliomas, and Rasmussen syndrome.
Neurobiology of depression
(a) Several brain areas have been found to have abnormal activity or structure in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to healthy controls, including the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex.
(b) Imaging studies have found both hypoactivity and hyperactivity in different areas, and treatment has been shown to help normalize some of these abnormalities.
(c) The prefrontal cortex and limbic system including the hippocampus and amygdala appear to be particularly involved, and their structural and functional connections may contribute to MDD.
Differential diagnosis of dementia
This document discusses the differential diagnosis of dementia. It begins by describing some key features that suggest a dementia may be reversible, such as a shorter duration of illness, subcortical features, and presence of focal neurological signs. Common reversible dementias and their causes are then outlined. The document also discusses assessment of dementia and pharmacological treatments, focusing on cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, and management of vascular dementia.
Mood disorder
The document provides information about mood disorders including statistics, types of mood disorders, diagnostic criteria, and features of specific disorders. Some key points:
- 15% of those diagnosed with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder commit suicide, making it a leading cause of death.
- Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are characterized by episodes of depression and for bipolar disorder, episodes of mania or hypomania.
- Dysthymic disorder involves chronic depressed mood for most of the day for at least two years.
- Bipolar I disorder includes manic episodes that cause severe symptoms and impairment in functioning. It has a lifetime prevalence of about 1% and often involves other conditions as well
PTSD Presentation
The document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and issues facing military veterans post-deployment. It describes the three main symptoms of PTSD as hyperarousal, re-experiencing trauma through flashbacks or nightmares, and avoidance/numbing. With sustained exposure to daily trauma over multiple deployments, the development of PTSD is inevitable. The document also outlines the physiological and psychological effects of PTSD and discusses challenges veterans may face reintegrating into civilian life like relationship issues, dangerous behaviors, and substance abuse. Effective treatment involves psychoeducation, teaching coping strategies, and gradually retelling traumatic experiences.
John Kane - Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: New Guidelines on Diagnosis an...
Presentation made at the live webinar hosted by the Schizophrenia Research Forum on the 21st of February, 2017 - http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia-new-guidelines-diagnosis-and-terminology
Schizophrenia
This is a very basic presentation for anyone who would like to have more information about schizophrenia. This was intended for the third year medical students. The criteria described are based on fourth edition of the DSM ( DSMIV). All these demarcations (types of) schizophrenia will be scrapped by the DSM V (this is the proposal as of now). But this could serve a historical puspose if seen after 2013.
Neurocognitive disorder [NCD]
A brief discussion about Neurocognitive disorders.
NCD are on the rise especially due to the ageing population and good treatment modalities leading to less mortality.
The burden of NCD is to increase with time especially due to the little interventions available
Ocd
OCD is an anxiety disorder that affects around 2.3% of Americans. It causes unwanted repetitive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. OCD is thought to involve imbalances in brain serotonin levels and overactivity in certain brain regions. Common symptoms include fears of contamination, needing order and symmetry, and unwanted aggressive or disturbing thoughts. Genetics are also linked to OCD risk, and treatment involves medication and therapies like exposure therapy. People with OCD often feel misunderstood due to their repetitive behaviors and obsessive thoughts.
Post stroke depression
This document discusses post-stroke depression. It notes that approximately 20-25% of stroke patients experience psychological symptoms initially from the shock and loss. Over time, patients must adjust to their new physical and cognitive limitations as well as changes in family roles and relationships. Post-stroke depression is common, affecting about one-third of patients, and is associated with poorer recovery outcomes, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Risk factors include a prior history of depression, female sex, social isolation, and greater functional impairment. Treatment involves antidepressants, psychotherapy, and lifestyle interventions, with the goal of improving mood and supporting recovery.
Epilepogenesis
Epileptogenesis is the process by which the brain becomes epileptic. It occurs in three phases - an initial injury, a latent period of neuronal changes, and chronic epilepsy. During the latent period, various molecular pathways are dysregulated, including mTOR and REST, and neuronal circuits like the dentate gate and temporoammonic pathway are altered. These changes involve loss of inhibitory interneurons and abnormal sprouting, leading to recurrent seizures. Understanding epileptogenesis may help develop new treatments targeting the latent period to prevent epilepsy.
Psychiatric manifestations of Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease is associated with various psychiatric manifestations that can affect up to 90% of patients. These include cognitive disturbances like dementia, depression in 40-50% of patients, anxiety in about 40%, and behavioral issues. Depression can predate motor symptoms and increases mortality risk. Mania or hypomania may occur due to dopaminergic medications. Compulsive behaviors are associated with dopamine replacement therapy. Apathy is also common and linked to cognitive and executive dysfunction. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric conditions in Parkinson's patients is important for quality of life.
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Les 1, het geheugen
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- 4. Wat is de hoofdstad vanWat is de hoofdstad van Irak?Irak?
- 5. Stadia in het geheugen Coderen verwerving, leren van informatie Bewaren bewaren van informatie geheugenspoor is gevormd Oproepen proces waarbij informatie uit het geheugen gehaald of gebruikt wordt
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- 10. Lijst 1: Doek Appel Groen Hoed Veer Haar Neus Zeepbel Schil Potlood Kam Mes Lat Pasta Agenda Tand Papier Boek T-shirt Zak Das
- 11. Kortetermijngeheugen (KTG) Informatie vasthouden waar we ons op elk moment bewust van zijn Informatie van KTG naar LTG herhalen Werkgeheugen Recentheidseffect: goede herinnering voor de laatst aangeboden stimuli Voorrangseffect: onthouden van eerste gedeelte van een stimuli
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