Leishm MUKHTAR FINAL.ppt
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Leishmaniasis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It is endemic in parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and the Mediterranean. Dogs and rodents are major animal reservoirs. In humans, it can cause cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral disease. Cutaneous disease causes skin ulcers, mucocutaneous disease destroys tissues of the nose and mouth, and visceral disease affects the spleen and liver and can be fatal if untreated. The parasites are transmitted between hosts by the bite of infected sand flies.
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Leishmaniasis.ppt
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sandfly bites. It presents clinically as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis depending on the infecting species. Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin lesions while mucocutaneous involvement can also affect mucosal tissues. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs like the liver and spleen and can be fatal if not treated. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasites in tissues or cultures and treatment depends on the clinical form and involves antimonial drugs or amphotericin B.
Leishmaniasis (2).ppt
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sandfly bites. It presents clinically as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis depending on the infecting species. Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin lesions while mucocutaneous involvement can also affect mucosal tissues. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs like the liver and spleen and can be fatal if not treated. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasites in tissues or cultures and treatment depends on the clinical form and involves antimonial drugs or amphotericin B. Prevention focuses on reducing sandfly bites and reservoirs.
Medical Parasythology _Leishmaniasis.ppt
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sandfly bites. It presents clinically as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis depending on the infecting species. Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin lesions while mucocutaneous involvement can also affect mucosal tissues. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs like the liver and spleen and can be fatal if not treated. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasites in tissues or cultures and treatment depends on the clinical form and involves antimonial drugs or amphotericin B.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20 Leishmania species. Over 90 sandfly species are known to transmit Leishmania parasites. There are 3 main forms of the disease:
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar is fatal if left untreated in over 95% of cases. It is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anaemia. Most cases occur in Brazil, East Africa and in South-East Asia. An estimated 50 000 to 90 000 new cases of VL occur worldwide each year out of which only an estimated 25–45% are reported to WHO. In 2017, more than 95% of new cases reported to WHO occurred in 10 countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Nepal, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis and causes skin lesions, mainly ulcers, on exposed parts of the body, leaving life-long scars and serious disability or stigma. About 95% of CL cases occur in the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East and Central Asia. In 2017 over 95% of new CL cases occurred in 6 countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Brazil, Colombia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq and the Syrian Arab Republic. It is estimated that between 600 000 to 1 million new cases occur worldwide annually.
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis leads to partial or total destruction of mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and throat. Over 90% of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis cases occur in Bolivia (the Plurinational State of), Brazil, Ethiopia and Peru.
Transmission
Leishmania parasites are transmitted through the bites of infected female phlebotomine sandflies, which feed on blood to produce eggs. The epidemiology of leishmaniasis depends on the characteristics of the parasite and sandfly species, the local ecological characteristics of the transmission sites, current and past exposure of the human population to the parasite, and human behaviour. Some 70 animal species, including humans, have been found as natural reservoir hosts of Leishmania parasites.
(WHO, 2019)
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that causes leishmaniasis, which exists in three main clinical forms: visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. It is transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sand flies. Visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form, affects the internal organs and is fatal if left untreated. Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin sores, while mucocutaneous leishmaniasis additionally affects the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat. Leishmania has a complex life cycle alternating between the sand fly vector and mammalian hosts.
4. leishmania
This document discusses Leishmania parasites and the diseases they cause. There are three main Leishmania species that infect humans: L. donovani, L. tropica, and L. brasiliensis. L. donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar) and is endemic in many parts of the world including India, where it is commonly found in several states. The life cycle involves transmission via the bite of infected sand flies, where the parasite transforms between an intracellular amastigote form in humans and an extracellular promastigote form in the insect. Clinical manifestations depend on the infecting species and include cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral forms
Leishmanaisis
The document provides information about leishmaniasis, including:
- It is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by sandfly bites.
- Clinical manifestations include cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis.
- Treatment involves antimony compounds like sodium stibogluconate, pentamidine, miltefosine, and amphotericin B.
Lab 8 leishmaniasis
The document discusses the protozoan parasite Leishmania spp. which causes leishmaniasis. It is transmitted by sandflies and exists in two forms - the amastigote form found inside host cells and the promastigote form found in the sandfly vector. There are three main clinical forms of leishmaniasis depending on the Leishmania species: visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani affecting internal organs, cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica affecting the skin, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy, culture
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Leishmaniasis.ppt
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sandfly bites. It presents clinically as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis depending on the infecting species. Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin lesions while mucocutaneous involvement can also affect mucosal tissues. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs like the liver and spleen and can be fatal if not treated. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasites in tissues or cultures and treatment depends on the clinical form and involves antimonial drugs or amphotericin B.
Leishmaniasis (2).ppt
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sandfly bites. It presents clinically as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis depending on the infecting species. Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin lesions while mucocutaneous involvement can also affect mucosal tissues. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs like the liver and spleen and can be fatal if not treated. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasites in tissues or cultures and treatment depends on the clinical form and involves antimonial drugs or amphotericin B. Prevention focuses on reducing sandfly bites and reservoirs.
Medical Parasythology _Leishmaniasis.ppt
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sandfly bites. It presents clinically as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis depending on the infecting species. Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin lesions while mucocutaneous involvement can also affect mucosal tissues. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs like the liver and spleen and can be fatal if not treated. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasites in tissues or cultures and treatment depends on the clinical form and involves antimonial drugs or amphotericin B.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20 Leishmania species. Over 90 sandfly species are known to transmit Leishmania parasites. There are 3 main forms of the disease:
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar is fatal if left untreated in over 95% of cases. It is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anaemia. Most cases occur in Brazil, East Africa and in South-East Asia. An estimated 50 000 to 90 000 new cases of VL occur worldwide each year out of which only an estimated 25–45% are reported to WHO. In 2017, more than 95% of new cases reported to WHO occurred in 10 countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Nepal, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis and causes skin lesions, mainly ulcers, on exposed parts of the body, leaving life-long scars and serious disability or stigma. About 95% of CL cases occur in the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East and Central Asia. In 2017 over 95% of new CL cases occurred in 6 countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Brazil, Colombia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq and the Syrian Arab Republic. It is estimated that between 600 000 to 1 million new cases occur worldwide annually.
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis leads to partial or total destruction of mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and throat. Over 90% of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis cases occur in Bolivia (the Plurinational State of), Brazil, Ethiopia and Peru.
Transmission
Leishmania parasites are transmitted through the bites of infected female phlebotomine sandflies, which feed on blood to produce eggs. The epidemiology of leishmaniasis depends on the characteristics of the parasite and sandfly species, the local ecological characteristics of the transmission sites, current and past exposure of the human population to the parasite, and human behaviour. Some 70 animal species, including humans, have been found as natural reservoir hosts of Leishmania parasites.
(WHO, 2019)
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that causes leishmaniasis, which exists in three main clinical forms: visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. It is transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sand flies. Visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form, affects the internal organs and is fatal if left untreated. Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin sores, while mucocutaneous leishmaniasis additionally affects the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat. Leishmania has a complex life cycle alternating between the sand fly vector and mammalian hosts.
4. leishmania
This document discusses Leishmania parasites and the diseases they cause. There are three main Leishmania species that infect humans: L. donovani, L. tropica, and L. brasiliensis. L. donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar) and is endemic in many parts of the world including India, where it is commonly found in several states. The life cycle involves transmission via the bite of infected sand flies, where the parasite transforms between an intracellular amastigote form in humans and an extracellular promastigote form in the insect. Clinical manifestations depend on the infecting species and include cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral forms
Leishmanaisis
The document provides information about leishmaniasis, including:
- It is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by sandfly bites.
- Clinical manifestations include cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis.
- Treatment involves antimony compounds like sodium stibogluconate, pentamidine, miltefosine, and amphotericin B.
Lab 8 leishmaniasis
The document discusses the protozoan parasite Leishmania spp. which causes leishmaniasis. It is transmitted by sandflies and exists in two forms - the amastigote form found inside host cells and the promastigote form found in the sandfly vector. There are three main clinical forms of leishmaniasis depending on the Leishmania species: visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani affecting internal organs, cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica affecting the skin, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy, culture
3863912.ppt
This document provides an overview of Leishmaniasis, which is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It discusses the learning outcomes, which include defining Leishmaniasis, describing the vector, reservoir, and life cycle. The geographic distribution and forms of Leishmaniasis are also summarized. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis presents as skin sores, while Visceral Leishmaniasis causes fever, weight loss, and enlarged liver and spleen. Diagnosis involves identifying clinical symptoms and detecting the parasite microscopically from tissue samples.
Blood flagellates or haemoflagellates
1. Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan flagellates of the genus Leishmania and affects 350 million people globally.
2. It manifests clinically as cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, or visceral leishmaniasis.
3. The parasite has two forms - amastigotes found intracellularly in humans and promastigotes found in sandfly vectors. The sandflies transmit the infective promastigote form during blood feeding.
Leishmania
Content Creator: Yasin Arafat, Lecturer, Dept. of Applied Laboratory Sciences,
Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka-1216.
Leishmaniasis
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Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by sand fly bites. It exists in three main forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Cutaneous lesions cause skin sores, while mucocutaneous lesions affect mucosal tissues and can cause disfigurement. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs and is the most serious form. The disease is diagnosed by microscopic examination of tissues or cultures to view the parasites. Treatment depends on the form but may include topical or systemic antimonials, amphotericin B, or miltefosine.
Leishmaniasis for studs.pptx
The document discusses leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease transmitted by sand flies. There are two main forms: cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores, and visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, which infects vital organs and is fatal if untreated. Visceral leishmaniasis causes fever, weight loss, and swelling of the liver and spleen. It is a severe systemic infection and a major killer in developing countries. The document provides details on the transmission, lifecycle, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis.
Leishmania
By the end of this presentation we’ll be able to learn about- -Geographical distribution of leishmania parasites - Know the different stages of leishmania parasites and their morphology. -Describe the lifecycle of leishmania. -Causes and pathogenesis of leishmania -Preventive measures of leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis dates back to the 1st century AD. It was initially known as “Dum dum” fever and later “Kal- Azar.” It is a neglected disease that affects 700 000 to 1 million new cases that occur annually (WHO, 2021).
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
All leishmania pass their life cycle in two hosts. In man and some other mammals (definitive host) they occur exclusively in the amastigote form, having an ovoid body containing a nucleus and kinetoplast. In the sand-fly (intermediate host), they occur in promastigote form, with a spindle-shaped body and a single flagellum arising from the anterior end.
Definitive host:
In the body of definitive host, Leishmanias are mostly found within macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils or endothelial cells. Within these cells they multiply by binary fission, producing numerous daughter cells that distend the cells and rupture them.
Leishmaniasis - By Dr/ Faiz Al-Khawlani
The document discusses Leishmaniasis, a parasitic infection transmitted by sandflies. It causes several forms of disease depending on the Leishmania species, including visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs and can be fatal if untreated, while cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin lesions. The life cycle involves an intracellular amastigote form in humans that transforms into a flagellated promastigote form in sandflies. Symptoms, treatment, epidemiology and the parasite's lifecycle within human and sandfly hosts are described in detail.
Leishmaniasis.pptx
This document discusses Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania which are transmitted by sand flies. It describes how Sir William Leishman discovered the parasite L. donovani in 1900 in India. There are different clinical forms including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis caused by different Leishmania species. The life cycle involves transmission between a sand fly vector and a mammalian reservoir host. Diagnosis involves identifying the amastigote form of the parasite microscopically or through culture. Treatment is with pentavalent antimony or amphotericin B. Prevention focuses on vector control and reducing the human reservoir through diagnosis and treatment of
Leishmaniasis
This document provides an overview of Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It discusses the life cycle of Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar. L. donovani has two forms - the amastigote form found within macrophages in humans and other mammals, and the promastigote form found in the sandfly vector. The sandfly transmits L. donovani between humans during feeding. In humans, L. donovani infects the reticuloendothelial system causing enlargement of the spleen, liver and bone marrow. Clinical features of VL include
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A comprehensive description of leischmaniasis with its types, transmission, epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention and control. It also includes details regarding lab diagnosis, disease agent, vector and host.
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Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania parasites and transmitted by the bite of infected sandflies. It exists in three main forms: visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. VL affects internal organs and is fatal without treatment. It is endemic in parts of India, where it is known as kala-azar. CL causes skin sores but is not fatal. Treatment involves antimony-based drugs or amphotericin B. Prevention focuses on controlling sandfly vectors and reservoirs through insecticides, bed nets, and treating infected dogs.
Leishmania presented by Mahesh
Leishmania is a genus of protozoan parasites that cause leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease transmitted by sandflies. It is endemic in many parts of Africa, Asia and South America. There are several species that cause different clinical manifestations depending on the part of the body affected. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs while cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis affect the skin and mucous membranes. The parasite has two forms - amastigotes found inside host cells and promastigotes found in the sandfly vector. There is no vaccine and treatment involves drugs like pentavalent antimonials or amphotericin B. Control relies on reducing vector populations
Leishmania
The leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries on five continents—Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America
Etiology, Transmission, Life Cycle And Pathology of Different Clinical Forms ...
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It exists in three main clinical forms: cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The parasites are transmitted through the bite of infected female phlebotomine sand flies. After transmission, the parasites multiply in macrophages as amastigotes. Clinical signs vary depending on the infecting species and form of the disease. Cutaneous lesions can cause ulcers or nodules on exposed parts of the body, while visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs. Mucocutaneous disease can destroy nasal and oral tissues. Treatment depends on the clinical form and
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This document discusses two genera of parasites, Leishmania and Trypanosoma, that cause diseases in humans. It describes the four major Leishmania pathogens, their life cycles involving sandflies, clinical manifestations including visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis, and methods of laboratory diagnosis. It also discusses the three major Trypanosoma pathogens, their life cycles involving reduviid bugs or tsetse flies, diseases caused including Chagas disease and sleeping sickness, clinical features, and diagnosis. The document provides detailed information on the pathogenesis, epidemiology, symptoms and laboratory identification of infections caused by these important parasites.
Teath
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted through sandfly bites that causes three main forms: cutaneous (skin lesions), visceral (liver, spleen, bone marrow), and mucocutaneous (mouth, nose). It is endemic in 88 countries, infecting 12 million people annually. In the Middle East, L. major causes cutaneous disease while L. tropica causes cutaneous and sometimes visceral disease. Diagnosis requires biopsy identification of the parasite. Treatment depends on the form, with antimony recommended for cutaneous and mucocutaneous disease and liposomal amphotericin B for visceral disease.
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This document provides an overview of Leishmaniasis, which is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It discusses the learning outcomes, which include defining Leishmaniasis, describing the vector, reservoir, and life cycle. The geographic distribution and forms of Leishmaniasis are also summarized. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis presents as skin sores, while Visceral Leishmaniasis causes fever, weight loss, and enlarged liver and spleen. Diagnosis involves identifying clinical symptoms and detecting the parasite microscopically from tissue samples.
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Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by sand fly bites. It exists in three main forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Cutaneous lesions cause skin sores, while mucocutaneous lesions affect mucosal tissues and can cause disfigurement. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs and is the most serious form. The disease is diagnosed by microscopic examination of tissues or cultures to view the parasites. Treatment depends on the form but may include topical or systemic antimonials, amphotericin B, or miltefosine.
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The document discusses leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease transmitted by sand flies. There are two main forms: cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores, and visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, which infects vital organs and is fatal if untreated. Visceral leishmaniasis causes fever, weight loss, and swelling of the liver and spleen. It is a severe systemic infection and a major killer in developing countries. The document provides details on the transmission, lifecycle, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis.
Leishmania
By the end of this presentation we’ll be able to learn about- -Geographical distribution of leishmania parasites - Know the different stages of leishmania parasites and their morphology. -Describe the lifecycle of leishmania. -Causes and pathogenesis of leishmania -Preventive measures of leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis dates back to the 1st century AD. It was initially known as “Dum dum” fever and later “Kal- Azar.” It is a neglected disease that affects 700 000 to 1 million new cases that occur annually (WHO, 2021).
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
All leishmania pass their life cycle in two hosts. In man and some other mammals (definitive host) they occur exclusively in the amastigote form, having an ovoid body containing a nucleus and kinetoplast. In the sand-fly (intermediate host), they occur in promastigote form, with a spindle-shaped body and a single flagellum arising from the anterior end.
Definitive host:
In the body of definitive host, Leishmanias are mostly found within macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils or endothelial cells. Within these cells they multiply by binary fission, producing numerous daughter cells that distend the cells and rupture them.
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The document discusses Leishmaniasis, a parasitic infection transmitted by sandflies. It causes several forms of disease depending on the Leishmania species, including visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs and can be fatal if untreated, while cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin lesions. The life cycle involves an intracellular amastigote form in humans that transforms into a flagellated promastigote form in sandflies. Symptoms, treatment, epidemiology and the parasite's lifecycle within human and sandfly hosts are described in detail.
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This document discusses Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania which are transmitted by sand flies. It describes how Sir William Leishman discovered the parasite L. donovani in 1900 in India. There are different clinical forms including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis caused by different Leishmania species. The life cycle involves transmission between a sand fly vector and a mammalian reservoir host. Diagnosis involves identifying the amastigote form of the parasite microscopically or through culture. Treatment is with pentavalent antimony or amphotericin B. Prevention focuses on vector control and reducing the human reservoir through diagnosis and treatment of
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This document provides an overview of Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It discusses the life cycle of Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar. L. donovani has two forms - the amastigote form found within macrophages in humans and other mammals, and the promastigote form found in the sandfly vector. The sandfly transmits L. donovani between humans during feeding. In humans, L. donovani infects the reticuloendothelial system causing enlargement of the spleen, liver and bone marrow. Clinical features of VL include
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Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania parasites and transmitted by the bite of infected sandflies. It exists in three main forms: visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. VL affects internal organs and is fatal without treatment. It is endemic in parts of India, where it is known as kala-azar. CL causes skin sores but is not fatal. Treatment involves antimony-based drugs or amphotericin B. Prevention focuses on controlling sandfly vectors and reservoirs through insecticides, bed nets, and treating infected dogs.
Leishmania presented by Mahesh
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Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It exists in three main clinical forms: cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The parasites are transmitted through the bite of infected female phlebotomine sand flies. After transmission, the parasites multiply in macrophages as amastigotes. Clinical signs vary depending on the infecting species and form of the disease. Cutaneous lesions can cause ulcers or nodules on exposed parts of the body, while visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs. Mucocutaneous disease can destroy nasal and oral tissues. Treatment depends on the clinical form and
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Teath
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted through sandfly bites that causes three main forms: cutaneous (skin lesions), visceral (liver, spleen, bone marrow), and mucocutaneous (mouth, nose). It is endemic in 88 countries, infecting 12 million people annually. In the Middle East, L. major causes cutaneous disease while L. tropica causes cutaneous and sometimes visceral disease. Diagnosis requires biopsy identification of the parasite. Treatment depends on the form, with antimony recommended for cutaneous and mucocutaneous disease and liposomal amphotericin B for visceral disease.
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climate and health webinar presentations_2.2023.pdf
- A study examined the risk of mortality from schizophrenia during an extreme heat event in British Columbia in 2021 that caused record-breaking temperatures and a 95% increase in deaths.
- The study used a population-based case-control design to analyze the association between schizophrenia, antipsychotic medication use, and death during the heat wave.
- Results found that people with schizophrenia were at disproportionately high risk of death from the extreme heat. Certain antipsychotic medications were also found to be independently associated with higher risk of death during the heat wave.
- The study concludes that antipsychotic medication is an important risk factor, and people with schizophrenia require special protections during extreme heat events which will increase due to climate change
analyticalstudydesignscasecontrolstudy-160305174642.pdf
Analytical case-control studies compare exposures in groups with and without a disease. Cases are selected who have the disease, and controls without the disease are matched on characteristics like age and sex. Investigators collect exposure data and calculate odds ratios to evaluate associations between exposures and diseases. Case-control studies are useful for rare diseases and outbreak investigations but are susceptible to biases from non-representative sampling and inaccurate recall of past exposures.
8381.ppt
This document discusses descriptive epidemiology and describes different types of descriptive epidemiology studies. The objectives of descriptive epidemiology are to evaluate disease trends, allow comparisons, and identify problems to study analytically. Descriptive studies describe who gets sick, disease patterns, and can identify changes over time due to various factors. Types of descriptive studies discussed include case reports, cross-sectional studies, and correlational studies. Each type has advantages and limitations for understanding disease patterns and generating hypotheses.
Role of Environment in Infection Prevention and Control Webinar 2.pdf
This document announces an online webinar about environmental services management for infection prevention and control. The webinar will take place on October 7, 2021 and feature two speakers discussing practical approaches for environmental cleaning and disinfection in healthcare settings, as well as the challenges of environmental services in limited resource settings. The webinar objectives are listed and include understanding infection transmission, cleaning and disinfection strategies, product selection, and monitoring processes to enhance cleaning and disinfection. Frontline healthcare workers and those involved in infection prevention are encouraged to register for the webinar.
Cohort study.pptx
The document discusses cohort studies, providing examples and key details. It describes a large cohort study of over 5,000 people in Framingham, Massachusetts that began in 1948 and is still ongoing. Cohort studies have advantages like establishing causality and being highly valid, but also drawbacks like being expensive, time-consuming, and prone to loss of follow-up. Retrospective cohorts use existing records to trace exposure and outcomes, while prospective cohorts enroll and follow participants over time.
7th Sep Medical Camp.pdf
This document contains data from medical camps held from June 6th to September 7th 2022 in flash flood and monsoon affected areas of Balochistan, Pakistan. It includes information on the total number of patients treated at each camp by gender and age group for various ailments including diarrhea, ARI, snake bites, skin infections and others. A total of 5,645 patients including 2,262 females and 1,766 children were seen across 25 districts in Balochistan and treated for different medical conditions during relief efforts after the floods and rains.
Bullettin_ 06th September 2022.pdf
The document provides an overview of weather conditions, water levels, and disaster response activities in Balochistan province. It summarizes that over the past 24 hours:
- Mainly hot and humid weather was reported across most of Balochistan with a chance of light rain in some areas.
- Several canals and dams are below capacity due to low water levels and discharges.
- Relief operations including the distribution of food, tents and other supplies continued in many flood-affected districts.
Floods update 22nd August, 2022.pdf
1) 22 medical camps were arranged in the last 24 hours in Balochistan, Pakistan, treating a total of 4,190 patients.
2) The majority of patients suffered from diarrhea (761), acute respiratory infections (879), or skin diseases (856).
3) Since July 3rd, over 560 medical camps have been arranged across 34 districts in Balochistan, treating over 120,000 patients in total.
Flood 04-09-2022.pdf
The document summarizes health response activities and needs for flood-affected areas of Balochistan province in Pakistan as of September 4th, 2022. It reports that 1,180 medical camps have been organized treating 285,166 patients across 31 affected districts. Key vulnerable groups include over 1.3 million children under 5, over 624,000 children under 2, and over 734,000 pregnant and lactating women. Ongoing health response activities include integrated medical camps and support from nutrition and water/sanitation working groups. Immediate needs cited are assessment of impacted health services, essential medicines/equipment, and measures to address potential disease outbreaks.
Flood DSR 31-08-2022.pdf
1) Over 34 districts in Balochistan province have been affected by floods, with over 9 million people impacted, including 253 deaths and 164 injuries. 500,000 livestock have also died.
2) Medical camps have treated over 227,000 patients and 297 health facilities have been damaged. The health response is ongoing with nutrition and WASH services in severely affected districts.
3) Key challenges include shortages of healthcare workers and supplies due to damaged roads. There is a risk of disease outbreaks which requires increased prevention, monitoring, and response efforts.
Floods update 30th August, 2022.pdf
The document details medical camps set up in Balochistan province in response to flooding. Over the past 24 hours, 22 medical camps treated 4418 patients in 7 districts. The majority of patients suffered from diarrhea (1273), acute respiratory infections (700), and skin diseases (779). Children accounted for the largest proportion of patients. No major disease outbreaks have been reported from flooded areas and the health situation remains under control.
2 Sep Med Camp .pdf
This document summarizes patient data from 16 medical camps organized across 15 union councils in Balochistan, Pakistan on September 2nd, 2022 in response to flash flooding and monsoon rains. A total of 4,237 patients were treated, including 1,143 males, 1,454 females, and 1,640 children. The majority of cases seen were related to diarrhea (1,010), acute respiratory infections (1,091), and skin infections (988). No cases of snake bites were reported. The camps were organized by the Health Department, Peoples' Primary Healthcare Initiative (PPHI), and other non-profits to provide relief to affected communities.
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Leishm MUKHTAR FINAL.ppt
- 2. Leishmaniasis • Worldwide Zoonotic Disease caused by protozoan: Leishmania & Viannia • Endemic: Central & S. America, Africa, Indo-Pak, • Among animals, Dog, rodents are major reservoirs • Human is also principal reservoir • People of all age group are at risk. • Some types of Leishmania parasites: blood transfusions or contaminated needles (needle sharing). •Congenital transmission (PW to her baby).
- 3. 3 20 different species 6 important, Leishmania donovani, L. tropica, L. major, L. infantum L. braziliensis and L. mexicana. L. donovani, L. tropica and L. major are transmitted by sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus, while L. braziliensis and L. mexicana are transmitted by the sand fly genus Lutzomyia. Leishmaniasis
- 4. 4 There are 4 main types of the disease: In cutaneous forms, skin ulcers usually form on exposed areas: face, arms and legs. These usually heal within a few months, leaving scars. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis produces disseminated and chronic skin lesions resembling those of lepromatous leprosy. It is difficult to treat. In mucocutaneous forms, lesions can partially or totally destroy mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and throat cavities and surrounding tissues. Visceral leish, also known as kala azar, is characterized by high fever, substantial weight loss, swelling of the spleen and liver, and anaemia. If left untreated, the disease can have a fatality rate as high as 100% within two years. Leishmaniasis
- 5. Types of Cutaneous : • Most common •Numerous skin sores (1-4 w) • Self healing (disfigure) • BASED ON CLINICAL : ZCL ACL Leishman Visceral (Kala Azar): • Most serious • Deaths if untreated • Northern Areas Types of Leishmaniasis in Pakistan
- 6. 6 Leishmania spp. cycle b/w vertebrate hosts and sand fly vectors in either promastigote or amastigote form. Promastigotes are slightly elongated and contain a single nucleus with an anterior flagellum originating from a kinetoplast while amastigotes are slightly round to oval, still contain a single nucleus and kinetoplast, but retain only a rudimentary flagellum. Both stages are capable of replication via binary fission but not within the same host. Life Cycle of Leishmaniasis
- 7. Macrophages: 1st Line Defense and promptly engulf invading organisms. Amastigotes : Binary Fission and released in circulation system
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- 13. 13 THANK YOU