The first Puritans, known as Pilgrims, arrived in Massachusetts in 1620 on the Mayflower to escape the corruption of the Church of England. They signed the Mayflower Compact upon arrival, creating the first legal document of the colony. The first winter was difficult and half of the original settlers died. However, by the 1630s over 20,000 people had immigrated to the colony, establishing Puritan ideals like hard work, frugality, and self-reliance that still influence American culture today.

1. A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE
PURITAN LEGACY IN THE U.S.
The first Puritans who came to Massachusetts were actually Pilgrims, an even more radical
offshoot of the Puritans who decided that the Church of England was to corrupt to be saved,
so they wanted to separate from the Church and start all over again. The Pilgrims sailed in the
Mayflower from September through November 1620 to arrive at Cape Cod at the onset of
winter. They signed a compact between believers and non-believer aboard the Mayflower,
pledging to share responsibility and help one another in times of need; this first legal
document in the Massachusetts Colony is known as the Mayflower Compact. The first winter,
known as the starving time, saw half of the original settlers die. The Pilgrims stern manner and
incredible work ethic help them to survive, however, as by the end of the 1630's, over 20,000
people had come to the colony.

2. Puritans made a lasting impact on American attitudes: their ideals of hard
work, frugality, self-improvement, and self-reliance are still regarded as
basic American virtues.
Do you believe these ideals are
presented in North American society
up to the present days?
How much has it changed? In what
aspects has it changed?
Do you know what WASP is?

3. The Function of Puritan Writers
1. To transform a mysterious God - mysterious because he is separate
the world.
2. To make him more relevant to the universe.
3. To glorify God.
The Style of Puritan Writing
1. Protestant - against ornateness; reverence for the Bible.
2. Purposiveness - there was a purpose to Puritan writing - described in
II above.
3. Puritan writing reflected the character and scope of the reading public,
which was literate and well-grounded in religion.

4. Reasons for Puritan Literary Dominance over the Virginians
1. Puritans were basically middle class and fairly well-educated.
2. Virginians were tradesmen and separated from English writing.
3. Puritans were children of the covenant; gave them a drive and a purpose to
write.
Common Themes in Early Puritan Writing
1. Idealism - both religious and political.
2. Pragmaticism - practicality and purposiveness.

5. Forces Undermining Puritanism
1. A person's natural desire to do good - this works against predestination.
2. Dislike of a "closed" life.
3. Resentment of the power of the few over many.
4. Change in economic conditions - growth of fishery, farms, etc.
5. Presence of the leaders of dissent - Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams.
6. The presence of the frontier - concept of self-reliance, individualism, and
optimism.
7. Change in political conditions - Massachusetts became a Crown colony.
8. Theocracy suffered from a lack of flexibility.
9. Growth of rationality - use of the mind to know God - less dependence on
Bible.
10. Cosmopolitanism of the new immigrants.

6. Some Aspects of the Puritan Legacy:
each has positive and negative implications
a.The need for moral justification for private, public, and governmental
b. The Questing for Freedom - personal, political, economic, and social.
c. The Puritan work ethic.
d. Elegiac verse - morbid fascination with death.
e. The city upon the hill - concept of manifest destiny.