Fp 31-leech therapy-dr mahesh kumar-pdf
Leech therapy or Jalaukavacharan is a bloodletting procedure described in Ayurveda. It is a very useful procedure in the treatment of various medical and surgical diseases.
drmaheshkumar,new delhi
Fracture & dislocation is well described in Ayurveda. Sushruta Samhita have a separate chapter for bhagna etiology, features, types, prognosis, Management by name of Bhagna-Kandabhagna-Sandhimukta. The basics principles and management of fracture are accurate as per modern orthopedics.
Jalaukavacharana - Leech Therapy in AyurvedaDr Adithya J V
Leech Therapy in Ayurveda - A unique modality of treatment in Ayurveda - Insights into Scientific Aspects, Mode of Usage and its scope in treatment of Various Diseases.
Fracture & dislocation is well described in Ayurveda. Sushruta Samhita have a separate chapter for bhagna etiology, features, types, prognosis, Management by name of Bhagna-Kandabhagna-Sandhimukta. The basics principles and management of fracture are accurate as per modern orthopedics.
Jalaukavacharana - Leech Therapy in AyurvedaDr Adithya J V
Leech Therapy in Ayurveda - A unique modality of treatment in Ayurveda - Insights into Scientific Aspects, Mode of Usage and its scope in treatment of Various Diseases.
The Research topics and reseaech areas has been explained in ail, which are helpful for Undergraduates to get the research grants, PG Scholars and Ph.D Scholars to select theirs research topics..
The Avabahuka disease is nearer to Frozen shoulder of musculoskeletal disorders.
Avabahuka is a Vata vikar as per Ayurveda that affects the ansha sandhi i.e. shoulder joint. The description available in Charak samhita, Sushruta samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya etc. The pain, stiffness, and decreased ROM range of motion is a classical feature of a frozen shoulder.
The treatment of frozen shoulder is possible in Ayurveda through drugs and various treatment modalities depending on the stages of the case.
ANALYSIS OF PANCHAKARMA RESEARCHES DONE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI
Presented by Dr.Annie sebastien ,PG Scholar, Department of Panchakarma, SDMCAH Hassan
Agnikarma is parasurgical procedure of ayurveda
The AGNIKARMA, DAHAKARMA, DAHANKARMA, DAGDHAKARMA are intentional therapeutic heat burn therapy used for the treatment of diseases caused by vata and kapha doshas..
Here definitions, indications, contraindications, materials required, methods, dahanopkarana, importance, and superiority of agnikarma are mentioned in detail.
Agnikarma is a medical procedure done using controlled heat and fire. It is done in various Disease like Corn, Warts, Piles, Fistula in Ano, To Arrest bleeds etc.
The Research topics and reseaech areas has been explained in ail, which are helpful for Undergraduates to get the research grants, PG Scholars and Ph.D Scholars to select theirs research topics..
The Avabahuka disease is nearer to Frozen shoulder of musculoskeletal disorders.
Avabahuka is a Vata vikar as per Ayurveda that affects the ansha sandhi i.e. shoulder joint. The description available in Charak samhita, Sushruta samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya etc. The pain, stiffness, and decreased ROM range of motion is a classical feature of a frozen shoulder.
The treatment of frozen shoulder is possible in Ayurveda through drugs and various treatment modalities depending on the stages of the case.
ANALYSIS OF PANCHAKARMA RESEARCHES DONE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI
Presented by Dr.Annie sebastien ,PG Scholar, Department of Panchakarma, SDMCAH Hassan
Agnikarma is parasurgical procedure of ayurveda
The AGNIKARMA, DAHAKARMA, DAHANKARMA, DAGDHAKARMA are intentional therapeutic heat burn therapy used for the treatment of diseases caused by vata and kapha doshas..
Here definitions, indications, contraindications, materials required, methods, dahanopkarana, importance, and superiority of agnikarma are mentioned in detail.
Agnikarma is a medical procedure done using controlled heat and fire. It is done in various Disease like Corn, Warts, Piles, Fistula in Ano, To Arrest bleeds etc.
Management of Lichen Planus through Ayurvedaijtsrd
Lichen Planus is a papulosquamous disorder that may affect the skin, scalp, nails, and mucous membranes. The primary cutaneous lesions are pruritic, polygonal, flat topped, violaceous papules. In Ayurveda, all skin diseases are lined beneath the term Kustha Roga. Vitiated Dosha cause abnormal colour of skin and produce degenerative changes called Kustha. CASE REPORT A 50 year old female came to OPD of National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur having complains of black papules on her whole body for last10 years. Oral mucosa was also involved. Mahamanjishtha Kwatha, Trivrit Leha, Tikta Ghrita, Khadiradi Vati and a combination of Rasamanikaya, Shuddha Gandhaka, Manjishthadi Churna, was given orally, Eladi Taila was given for local application and Irimedadi Taila was given for Gandusha . RESULTS Patient got significant relief in itching and discolouration of skin. Ayurvedic principle of Kustha is effective in the management of Lichen Planus. Dr. Deepti | Dr. Sunil Kumar | Dr. Anurag Singh Chandel "Management of Lichen Planus through Ayurveda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27908.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/dermatology/27908/management-of-lichen-planus-through-ayurveda/dr-deepti
Although a definitive remedy for Herpes Treatment has been established in Ayurveda, most doctors still assume that the sores heal independently after a while. If the infection is not contained, it may reappear in the future. Get more info: https://www.bhagwatiayurved.com/herpes-treatment.php
complementary and alternative medicine includes practices such as massage, acupuncture, tai chi, and drinking green tea. Integrative medicine is an approach to medical care that combines conventional medicine with CAM practices that have shown through science to be safe and effective
Plants in complimentary and traditional systems of medicine.Misuk Roy
In this context, the contribution made by the traditional medicine to modern system of medicine is worth nothing. The well-established treatments given above are among dozens that have been developed by the scientists after analysing the chemical constituents of plants traditionally used by tribals and villagers. The government should provide an environment to the people for using these traditional treatments and medicine systems.
Do epididymitis patients need surgical treatmentwalterHu5
Epididymitis patients can choose herbal medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill for treatment. They also need surgical treatment when the condition is severe.
Herpes Cure in India, website that offers Herpes Treatment in India by ayurvedic oil's. We have amazing herpes cure medication in India. Call 9954064243
Biotherapy – the use of living organisms for the treatment of human and animal illness – is a practice known since antiquity. But it is not antiquated!
Ayurveda has a description of many diseases and their treatment including Galganda. The Ayurveda basic principle is helpful for the treatment of hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism. Ayurvedic aspect for treatment of Thyroid disorder. being tried to mention in this slide
Treatment of Thyroid disorders in Ayurveda prospective
Galganda, thyroid disorder, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism.
Commonly known as BLEACH, used as a disinfecting agent.
The sodium hypochlorite solution got much popularity in society during COVID-19 pandemic situation
It is frequently uses in health care facility, quarantine centres, isolation centres and even at home.
Its compulsory for everyone that, what is the exact role of solution and correct method of use. It requires awareness.
Many of health care staff /house keeping staff also not much aware how to prepare fresh hypochlorite solution.
Here an effort is taken to describe the topic in practical way
Commonly known as BLEACH, used as a disinfecting agent.
The sodium hypochlorite solution got much popularity in society during the COVID-19 pandemic situation
It is frequently used in health care facilities, quarantine centers, isolation centers, and even at home.
Its compulsory for everyone that, what is the exact role of solution and the correct method of use. It requires awareness.
Many of the health care staff /housekeeping staff are also not much aware of how to prepare fresh hypochlorite solutions.
Here an effort is taken to describe the topic in a practical way
कोरोना सेंटर पर ड्यूटी करने के समय मेडिकल स्टाफ में संक्रमण से बचाव एवं नियंत्रण , साथ ही साथ अस्पताल में संक्रमण वचाव एवं नियंत्रण
This is sensitization for general health care staff like doctors, nurses, attendants, housekeeping regarding infection prevention and control in context to COVID-19 duty. How to protect staff and prevent infection at corona centers. The topic includes standard precautions, hand hygiene, hand washing technique, 5 moment of hand hygiene, 6 steps of hand hygiene, BMW rule 2016, waste management, donning, doffing, PPE, sharp injury management, waste management, etc. Also, have a description of how to clean equipment, oxygen cylinders, lift, linen etc.
This is an educational talk to sensitize and aware the staff while going for duty..
Agnikarma is an intentional therapeutic heat burn therapy. It is parasurgical procedure of Ayurveda and indicated in vataja and kaphaja dosha diseases.
Pain management of Anorectal disorders ARD
Ksharasutra Ksharsutra therapy
Anorectal disorders are piles, fistula etc
Post therapy care especially pain management
Dr Mahesh Kumar 18 aug2020
More from CBPACS, Khera Dabar, Najafgarh New Delhi- 73 (17)
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Leech and Leech therapy :scientific overview and its application
1. 1
Dr. Mahesh Kumar
M.S.(Ay),
Department of Shalya Tantra
Ch. Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan,
Under Govt. of NCT of Delhi
Najafgarh, New Delhi-73
drmkguptabhu@gmail.com
Leech Therapy:
“A Marvellous Bloodletting Practice in Ayurveda”
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
2. Aim
2
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
To submit an overview of
Leech
Therapy, an
ancient Ayurvedic
treatment method
3. 3
Background
Leeches are lower animal of Phylum
Annelida./ sanguivorous in nature.
Leeches can survive in water without food
for a long time but they can’t without water
even there is abundance food.
Jalaukavacharana=leech therapy- a type of
bloodletting
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
4. 4
SOME FACTS ABOUT LEECHES-
The leech is a freshwater annelida worm, usually black
or brown and about 5 -15 cm in length.
Of the more than 650 known species in Hirudo
genus, 15 are mostly used for medicinal
purposes, Hirudo medicinalis being one of them.
Indian medicinal leech known as Hirudinaria
granulosa
It’s body is divided into 33 parts.
It has two suckers – anterior and posterior.
With anterior sucker it sucks the blood while the
posterior one provides stability to leech.
The scars produced due to bite of the leeches are
of ‘Y’ shape.
Phylum -
Annelida
Class -
Hirudinia
Order -
Gnathobdellida
Genus -
Hirudineria
Species -
Medicinalis
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
10. 10
Pre – op preparation
Preparation
of patient
Preparation
of Leech
Method of Leech therapy
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
Main procedure
Close
observation
and care
Bloodletting
Post-therapy care
Haemostasis
and
precautions
for patient.
Vomiting and
care of Leech
11. ASHWAKHURAVADANANAM UNNATASKANDAM
After knowing that it has started to suck the blood it should be
covered with wet gauge and the gauge should be kept wet by
continuously pouring water on it.
11
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
12. 12
Post application management
Care of Leech
Vomiting out blood
Put in fresh water
Then squeezed by opposite hand slowly and gently.
Don’t reuse same leech before 7days.
Care of patient
Stop bleeding
Care of wound bite
bandaged properly.
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
14. 14
?? LEECH SUCKS IMPURE BLOOD
The reference came
from A.H.Su.26/43, As
a swan sucks only milk out
of the mixture of milk and
water, leech sucks impure
blood only.
What is impure blood
–
Clotted blood
Stagnant blood
Deoxygenated blood
Nutrient less blood and
Contaminated blood (with
micro-organisms, allergens ,
poisons etc.)
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
15. 15
?? WHEN AND HOW TO REMOVE THE LEECH FROM THE
SITE
Mostly detached spontaneously
When pricking pain and itching
at the site of bite,
Don’t pull the leech forcefully.
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
16. ?? Common problem in leech therapy
16
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
. Availability of fresh
leech
. Delayed leech
attachment
. Patient’s fear
17. ?? Problem in adopting…..to say
yes…..solution
Proper education reduces fear of patient
If patient. still reluctant ; arrange a pt. who has had
similar disease.
17
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
18. ?? Mode of action of Leech
.
18
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
A. By sucking blood
B – By injecting bio
active substances
19. 19
By sucking blood – local effects
It decrease blood congestion
That lowers pressure in
diseased area
That facilitate inflow of
oxygenated and nutrient blood
Finally improved health status
of regional tissue
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
20. 20
By injecting bioactive agents – It act
localiy & distally.
Bioactive agents
Anti coagulating
1.Hirudin
2.Calin
3.Factor Xa inhibitor
Thrombolytics
1. Distabilase
Anti-inflammatory
1.Bdelin
2.Hyluronidase
3. Eglin
Vasodilators
1.Histamine like
substances
2.Acetylcholine
3.Carboxypeptidase
A inhibitor
Bacteriostatics
And anaesthetic
agents
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
21. 21
Contraindication of leech therapy
Patient refusal, non interesting
Arterial insufficiency diseases
Bleeding disorders, so asses it before therapy
Immunocompromised pt.
Anemic patient.
Patients taking medicines like- Large dose of
vitamin E, Aspirin, heparin, warferin, NSAID, Garlic,
ginger, Ginkgo biloba etc
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
22. 22
?? Whats are Adverse effects
Local pain - according to the pain threshold of the patient
Local itching
Hypotension and vasovagal attack (1 in 1000 patients)- very
rare
To avoid it proper history should be taken, Should take plenty of
water before application, close observation in first visit.
Blood loss/ haemorrhage – generally insignificant.
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
23. 23
?? Transmission of infectious diseases
like- AIDS, hepatitis-B
Precaution- Proper aseptic conditions should be taken.
Prior screening of the patient . Avoid the re-application of
the leech in another patient.
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar
24. The Leech therapy, a para-surgical procedure, have
rich ancient reference, indicated in pittaja and raktaja
diseases.
Leech application as an adjuvant with drugs
are found very effective in inflammatory
conditions, Inflammed piles, Herpes Zoster,
Pimples & Thrombophlebitis, Eczema.
No severe side effect/ no need of supportive drugs.
Needs less infrastructure/ Day care procedure.
Bioactive chemicals and bloodsucking nature make it
unique.
To find out mode of action of leech therapy requires
more study
Aseptic precaution and proper care is requisite.
Conclusion
ENDOSURG-2019 AIIMS NEW DELHI – Leech Therapy Dr Mahesh Kumar 24