Lecture on Essential Oils

1. Essential Oils
Dr. MANOJ KUMAR
(Assistant Professor)
GOVT. ARYA DEGREE COLLEGE
NURPUR, KANGRA -176202

2. What we are going to
discuss?
 Essential oils and their importance in cosmetic industries
 Eugenol
 Geraniol
 Sandalwood Oil
 Eucalyptus
 Rose oil
 2-phenyl ethyl alcohol
 Jasmone
 Civetone
 Muscone

3. • Essential oils-highly volatile substances, found in many plants,
called as ethereal oils or oil of the plant
• E.g. Rose oil, sandalwood oil, clove oil, eucalyptus oil etc.
• These oils are extracted by physical processes such as steam
distillation, solvent extraction, and cold processinng etc.
• Used in various medicinal, therapeutic, spiritual practices. E.g.
Aromatherapy.

4. Therapeutic properties of Rose oil:
• Antidepressent
• Antiseptic
• Antibacterial
• Sedative for nervous system
• Tonic for heart
Therapeutic Properties

5. Therapeutic properties of Eucalyptus oil:
• Analgesic
• Antiseptic
• Antibacterial
• Anti-rheumatic
• Decongestant
• stimulant

6. Therapeutic properties of Sandalwood oil:
• Astringent
• Antiseptic
• Emollient
• Sedative for nervous system
• Tonic
• Has relaxing and calming effects

7. Uses
Commercially, essential oils are used in three basic ways:
1. Fragrances in cosmetics, perfumes, soaps, detergents,
animal feeds, insecticides
2. Flavors in bakery goods, candies, confectionaries, meat,
pickles, soft drinks
3. Pharmaceuticals and dental products such as
toothpastes, mouth wash, mouth fresheners.

8. Eugenol
• Member of phenylpropanoids, B.pt. 254̊ C
• Pale yellow liquid having peculiar spicy clove like aroma
• Naturally occurring substance found in clove oil, nutmeg,
cinnamon, and bay leaf
• Can be obtained by steam distillation of freshly ground
cloves (80-90% eugenol)
Eugenol

9. • IUPAC: 2 Methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)
phenol
• Naturally occurring in cloves,
nutmeg, cinnamon, sweet basil,
tulsi, ginger, bay leaf

10. Uses in Cosmetics
• As fragrance in making of perfumes and flavours
• After shave lotions, bath products and bubble baths
• Component of hair care products
• Moisturizers and skin care products
• Local anesthetic for temporary relief from toothache
• Mouth freshners
• Combined with ZnO to be used as root canal sealing in
dentistry
• Antibacterial, so used in deodorants as antiperspirants

11. Geraniol
Geraniol
• Member of terpenoids, Molecular formula: C10H18O, B.Pt. 230 ̊ C
• Pale yellow oily liquid having sweet, rose like fragrance with
slight hint of citrus
• It is analgesic, antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and
anti-cancer
• Plant oil extracted from geraniums flowering plants having
about 200 species and lemongrass
• It occurs naturally in essential oils such as rose oil, citronella
oil, palmarosa oil and lavender oil.

12. 3, 7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol
Uses in Cosmetics
• Rose like aroma, perfumes
• Flavours like red apple, lime, orange, pineapple
• Bath products, after shave lotion
• Hair care products, moisturizers, skin care and suntan
• Preparation of lipsticks, antiageing creams, deodorants
• Mosquito and bug repellants
• To slow down the growth of cancer tissues in humans
and in animals
• Antifungal, so in making anti-fungal skin creams

13. Sandalwood oil
Sandalwood Oil
• Obtained from branches, stem, roots of the sandalwood tree
• Oil has characteristic soft, creamy, calming, precious wood-
fragrance
• Oil is extracted by steam distillation of dried wood chips of
sandalwood trees of species santalum album and santalum
spicatum
• Sandalwood plantation are grown in Tamil Nadu, Mysore,
Maharastra, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan

14. • Constituent of Sandalwood oil: Contains 50-60 % α-santalol, 20-
25 % β-santalol and remaining are santyl acetate and santalene
• Therapeutic Properties: Antiseptic, astringent, emollient,
sedative and tonic. Relaxing and calmimg oil
• Uses:
• Skin lightening and skin brightening oil. Used in preparing skin
care creams.
• Facial and body spas
• In sunscreen lotions
• In shampoos and hairconditioners due to its moisturizing
ability

15. • Due to its calming effects, used in diffused form in bedrooms,
relieves stress and anxiety
• In Skin creams to treat acne
• Aromatherapy
• Soaps and bodywash lotions
• In treating eczema
• Antiageing skin care
• Used in curing skin scars

16. Eucalyptus Oil
• Has clean, sharp and very distinctive smell
• Obtained from eucalyptous trees which have over 500 species
and grow upto height of 300 ft
• Tree uses a lot of water while growing and used to clear water
logged land

17. • Constituent of oil: The main componet is 1,8-cineole which
constitutes about 70 % of it and contain a no. of terpenes such
as limonene, terpen-4-ol, piperitone and globulol etc.
• Extraction: Extracted by distillation of fresh or dried leaves and
young twigs of the tree.
• Species kochii and polybractea have the highest cineole content
( 80-95%)

18. • Therapeutic Properties: Antiseptic, analgesic, antibacterial,
anti-rheumatic, decongestant, deodorant and stimulant
• Uses:
• Has cooling and deodorizing effect. Used in deodorants and
antiperpirants
• Has therapeutic properties that help in coughs, sinusitis,
asthma, and throat infections
• Skin care preparations for burns, blisters, cuts and wounds
• Blended with massage oils to relieve arthritis, and muscular
pains

19. • In skin creams to be used in curing skin eruptions
• Due to cleansing property, used in tooth pastes, mouth
freshners and Used to impart fresh and clean fragrance in soap,
body lotions and perfumes
• Applied to wounds to prevent infection

20. Rose Oil
• Obtained from petals of different types of rose
• Known as otto of rose and attar of rose
• It has deep fresh rosy, fresh aroma
• Color changes from clear to pale yellow tint
• One of the best all purpose oil
• Fights depression, grief, anger and fear

21. • Constituent of oil: contains more than 300 known compounds
• Main components are citronellol, phenyl, ethanol, geraniol,
nerol, farensol, αpinene and βpinene etc
• Main components contributing to fragrance: β-Damascenone, β-
Damascone, ionone and rose oxide.
• These components are less than 1 % of rose oil but contribute
more than 90 % of the aroma.

22. • Extraction: obtained from fresh flower by steam distillation
• The heat during distillation is carefully conrolled as the aroma
can be damaged at higher temperatures.
• Yield is 0.02-0.05%
• It takes about 40,000 kg of roses to make I litre of rose oil.
• Two major species from which rose oil is extracted:
1. Rosa damascena: the damask rose, cultivated in India,
Pakistan, China, Iran, Russia, Syria and Turkiye
2. Rosa centifolia: The cabbage rose, grown in Morocco, Egypt
and France.

23. Uses:
• Used in Perfume industry to manufacture perfumes, rose water
etc.
• In skin moisturizing and hydrating creams
• In creams and lotions to reduce skin redness, broken skin
• In skin toners because of its astringent properties
• Massage oil to boost poor circulation and for general
skinsmoothning
• The hydrolol of rose oil is called rose water, used to relieve dark
circles around eye area. Also used for conjunctivitis
• Face mask preparations
• Strengthn gums
• Aromatherapy